Control of paleogeographic pattern on sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system:A case study of the sixth sub-member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation M5 Member in central-eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.

Paleogeographic Reconstitution and Tangential Tectonic in the Backland of Tunisian Dorsal (Fahs Area: J. Rouas and Ruissate)

The Tunisian Dorsal backland is the Eastern Atlas side of maghrebides. Field data of Fahs area allowed us to develop new interpretations and to characterize the main structural features of the studied devices (Jebel Rouas and Ruissate). Heritage of Zaghouan accident, Triassic salt movements and strike-direction of major synsedimentary faults are the principal causes and results of the skinned and superimposed geometric architecture, generated by the reversed extensional (Jurassic-Cretaceous) tectonics. The actual geometry of Jebel Rouas and Ruissate represents a fault propagation fold, affecting Jurassic and Cretaceous sets. The backland of this thrust fault defines an imbrications structures of Barremian series. Tectonic records activities show the existence of angular unconformities (Oligocene and Eocene series on the Cretaceous sets considered as bedrock), slumps, tectonic breccias and synsedimentary faults are all of them controlled by a deep major accident;N-S to NE-SW and NW-SE. Features of the study area are probably related first;to the blockage of Zaghouan thrust oriented NE-SW in the foreland;then, to the intense halokinetic activity, which facilitates the layers displacement acting as decollment level. The detailed structural and stratigraphic study of Fahs area and its neighbors shows the presence of an intense tangential tectonic during upper Miocene, affecting Meso-Cenozoic sets, because all the structures involved are sealed by Oligocene and Miocene thinned series. This is accentuated by the existence of different sets of decollment at different depths, which are represented by a displacement to the SE through the backland of the Tunisian Dorsal. We define these features as an imbrication and thrusting Out of sequence system.

Paleogeographical Distribution of Mesozoic Palaeontinidae (Insecta, Hemiptera) in China with Description of New Taxa

Until now, all Chinese palaeontinids have come from northern China and are more diverse than any other hemipterous insects in the Mesozoic. Most palaeontinids have been discovered from the area encompassing northern Hebei, the Ningcheng area of Inner Mongolia and western Liaoning. The difference in ubiquity of fossil records between northern and southern China is probably related to taphonomical and collecting bias. Records of Early and Late Jurassic palaeontinids are very scarce. The highest diversity of palaeontinid species occurs in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou Lagerstfitte. Early Cretaceous palaeontinids of China are restricted to the typical distribution of Jehol Biota. Palaeontinodes sp. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Yangshuwanzi, Inner Mongolia and is the only Palaeontinodes specimen from the Cretaceous. Plachutella exculpta Zhang, 1997 from the Lower Jurassic Badaowan Formation of Karamai, Xinjiang is re-described and some previously reported species of this genus are discussed.

Paleogeographic Peculiarities of Potassium and Potassium-Magnesium Salt Generation in the Southeast of the Russian Plate

Permian salt-bearing formation covers a substantial area of the Russian Plate.In some places,it is up to several kilometers thick.The salt-bearing formation contains unique accumulations of potassium and magnesium salts,

Dyke Swarms: Keys to Paleogeographic Reconstructions, Preface for IDC7 2016

Focusing on geological,geochemical and geophysical aspects of dykes and related units,the International Dyke Conference(IDC)series was launched in Toronto,Canada in 1985 by Prof.Henry C.Halls(University of Toronto).It has continued approximately every five years with

Paleomagnetic Data and Dyke Swarms Geometries – Important Tools for Precambrian Paleogeographic Reconstructions

There are only two quantitative tools for Precambrian paleogeographic reconstructions–paleomagnetic data and dyke swarms geometries.Paleomagnetic data provide information about paleolatitudes and orientation of rigid

Palaeomagnetic Study on a 1765 Ma Dyke Swarm from Singhbhum Craton: Implications to the Paleogeographic Position of India

The paleogeographic position of India within the Columbia supercontinent during Paleoproterozoic era is still uncertain because of very few reliable,high-quality palaeomagnetic data with precise geochronology.Here we

Pre-Cryogenian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

The composition and geological evolution of pre-Cryogenian material in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have played an important role in studying the formation and evolution of early supercontinents on Earth.This paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation,paleontology,magmatism,and metamorphism in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas.Based on existing data,the records of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation and paleontology are mainly concentrated in the Meso-Neoproterozoic,with relatively few records from the Paleoproterozoic or earlier.The oldest geological record is the Hadean detrital zircons in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Himalaya and Qamdo areas(ca.4.0 Ga).The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas preserve records related to the formation and evolution of the Kenor supercraton,and the Columbia,Rodinia,and Gondwana supercontinents.Pre-Cryogenian basements can be divided into three types:Tarim-,Yangtze-,and Lhasa-type.The Tarim-type basement has a paleogeographic affinity with the northern margins of the Australian and Indian continents and lacks detrital zircon age peaks and magmatic-metamorphic records related to the Rodinia assembly(ca.1.3-0.9 Ga).The Yangtze-type basement records volcanic activity related to global cooling in the latest pre-Cryogenian period and contains Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolite and micropaleoflora fossils,as well as magmaticmetamorphic records related to Rodinia assembly(ca.1.1-1.0 Ga).The Lhasa-type basement is characterized by Neoproterozoic rift-related sediment records(ca.900 Ma)and high-pressure metamorphic events(ca.650 Ma),with a prominent peak of detrital zircon ages of ca.1.2-1.1 Ga.It is likely to have a paleogeographic affinity with the African continent.

The Early Paleozoic paleogeography of the North China block and the other major blocks of China

With the summarization of the Early Paleozoic paleomagnetic data recently obtained from the three major blocks of China, the Early Paleozoic (i.e. Cambrian and Ordovician) paleogeographic positions of the North China, South China and Tarim blocks were discussed in detail. The North China, South China and Tarim blocks were inferred to be located adjacent to East Gondwana in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere during the Early Cambrian. During the Early-Middle Ordovician, the South China and Tarim blocks were also located in low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere with some affinities of the Gondwanaland, whereas the North China block may have episodically separated from the Gondwanaland, and might be sited close to the North America and Siberia. The reestablished paleogeographic configurations are in agreement with the studies on the biogeography, paleoclimate and sedimental facies of the North China and South China blocks.

Sedimentary Features and Paleogeographic Evolution of the Middle Permian Trough Basin in Zunyi,Guizhou,South China

Based on detailed field surveys,numerous sections and drillcores as well as analyses of lithofacies and sedimentary facies,sedimentary differentiation in the Middle Permian Zunyi(northern Guizhou,South China)trough basin was studied in detail.Caused by activities of the Emeishan mantle plume,the regional extensional setting and the extinguishing of carbonate production factories were shown from Guizhou to Yunnan.Three types of sedimentary enironments were developed in the study area:platform,slope,and basin.In this work,we established a sedimentary model for the study area,identified 14 syndepositional faults,and created the detailed reconstruction of the trough basin via a sedimentological investigation.It is found that the paleogeographic evolution of the study area can be divided into six stages:(1)a pre-rifting stage,(2)rapid rifting and subsidence,(3)stable rifting and subsidence,(4)the second stage of rifting and subsidence,(5)silicification,and(6)regional uplift and denudation.The sedimentary features and paleogeographic evolution of the Maokou Formation in Zunyi show that the platform,slope,and basin sedimentary features coexisted.In addition,the extensional setting and extinguishing of carbonate production factories were important preconditions for the evolution of the platform region in the study area,and the activity of syndepositional faults also played an important role in the paleogeographic evolution of this area.

Reconstructing early Eocene(～55 Ma) paleogeographic boundary conditions for use in paleoclimate modelling

The early Eocene is a period with very high atmospheric CO2 levels, which receives many interests from climate modelling aspects. To simulate the early Eocene paleoclimate, a realistic reconstruction for land-sea distribution, paleotopography and paleobathymetry is the fundamental step. Here, we present global paleogeographic reconstructions for the early Eocene(~55 Ma), based on integrated paleogeographic data set, the plate-tectonic reconstruction software(GPlates) and geographic information system software(ArcGIS). Comparing with previous paleogeographic reconstructions, we improve the reconstructions by incorporating many recent geologic data and data set, including:(1) Better representations of the Tethys Sea,some marginal or inland seas in the East and Southeast Asia, Atlantic and Arctic region, and the Drake Passage and Tasmanian Gateway;(2) integrated paleoelevation data of global high plateaus and mountains, especially the paleotopography of East Asia,and adopting the latest paleotopographic reconstruction data of the Antarctica;and(3) using the latest data set of oceanic crust paleo-age and oceanic sediment thickness to reconstruct the paleobathymetry.

Evolution and paleogeography of Eospirifer(Spiriferida,Brachiopoda) in Late Ordovician and Silurian

Eospirifer,the oldest known genus of the spiriferide group(Brachiopoda),first appeared on the Zhe-Gan Platform of South China paleoplate during late Katian(Late Ordovician) represented by E.praecursor.It survived the end-Ordovician mass extinction,and reappeared on the Upper Yangtze Platform of South China paleoplate by the end of Ordovician near the upper part of the Normalograptus persculptus Biozone.Starting from the beginning of Silurian,Eospirifer experienced some morphological innovations and expanded its geographical distribution substantially.It reached its species diversity acme and the widest geographic distribution in Wenlock(middle Silurian),with the diversity hotspots in Laurentia,Avalonia,and Baltica.Various shell size frequency curves of E.praecursor under different paleogeographic settings suggest that this pioneer species of Eospirifer,with several macroevolutionary novelties,adopted a range of life strategies to adapt to the changing environments during early spiriferide evolution.There are also some morphological macroevolutionary trends during the evolutionary history of Eospirifer from Late Ordovician to the end of Silurian,such as the ever enlarging shell sizes and the width/length ratios from late Katian to Wenlock,but decreasing apparently of both parameters from Wenlock to Pridoli.

中上扬子地区震旦纪灯影组沉积期碳酸盐岩台地古地理格局及有利储集相带分布规律

【目的】中上扬子地区灯影组沉积期碳酸盐岩台地古地理格局及有利储集相带发育分布规律尚存争议,阻碍了灯影组油气勘探领域由绵阳—长宁拉张槽两侧向其他广大地区拓展。【方法】通过中上扬子地区灯影组30余条剖面(钻井)开展岩石类型划分及沉积相分析,【结果】进一步明确丘滩相以块状砂屑/鲕粒白云岩及柱状、穹窿状叠层石白云岩为特征,呈环带状分布在中上扬子台地(或内缓坡)边缘,向外过渡为中—外缓坡风暴岩或斜坡—盆地相区的滑塌角砾白云岩、泥质白云岩、硅质岩等。由于丘滩的阻挡作用,其内侧以低能的潮坪及潟湖沉积环境为主:其中潮坪相主要发育微生物纹层白云岩、穹窿—缓波状叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩夹砂屑白云岩、泥晶白云岩,纵向上常常形成米级—厘米级旋回;潟湖相主要由泥晶白云岩、含球粒/砂屑泥晶白云岩组成。相带时空分布表明灯影组在中上扬子地区总体呈现出进积的沉积趋势,内部包含2.5个层序,即三次进积(变浅)和两次退积(变深)旋回。【结论】由于灯影组在台地边缘—斜坡区域普遍遭到剥蚀,以及灯影组沉积期上扬子台地范围远超目前的板块边界,灯影组上部灯四段很少发现高能丘滩相带。在此背景下,局部地区(如松林—岩孔地区、中扬子台地周缘)灯影组中下部灯一段—灯二段(或蛤蟆井段、石板滩段)发育的丘滩相,是重要的有利储集相带。此外,处于海退体系域的灯二段中下部和灯四段上部(或相当层位)在中上扬子台地(或内缓坡)内部广泛发育微生物白云岩,也为储层发育有利相带。在中上扬子台地微生物白云岩广泛分布的背景下,进一步分析优质储层发育机理与分布规律才是找到油气接替区的关键。

从华北燕辽岩床群到哥伦比亚超大陆巨型裂谷系——燕辽大火成岩省近20年研究回顾与展望

近20年的研究工作表明,华北克拉通北部燕辽地区侵入到中元古代沉积地层中的大规模辉绿岩床群构成了一个1.32 Ga的基性大火成岩省。该大火成岩省与华北克拉通西北缘白云鄂博矿区富稀土-铌火成碳酸岩相伴生。大火成岩省、沉积地层对比和古地磁资料研究结果表明,燕辽大火成岩省与北澳大利亚克拉通代理姆-加里温库大火成岩省是被大陆裂解分割开来的同一个基性大火成岩省的组成部分,显示1.8~1.3 Ga期间华北克拉通北-北东缘与北澳大利亚克拉通北缘在哥伦比亚(奴那)超大陆中长期相邻(连)。全球1.4~1.3 Ga大火成岩省及基性岩浆活动的时空分布及其岩石学、地球化学及同位素组成对比研究显示,这些全球广泛分布的大火成岩省或基性岩浆活动主要形成于裂谷环境。结合1.4 Ga左右哥伦比亚超大陆古地理重建结果,发现在哥伦比亚超大陆中存在沿劳伦(北美+格陵兰)克拉通西缘、西伯利亚克拉通西缘及北缘、波罗地克拉通东南缘、西非克拉通西缘及北缘、亚马逊克拉通西南缘、刚果/圣弗朗西斯科克拉通南缘及东缘、卡拉哈里克拉通东缘、华北克拉通北缘及北澳大利亚克拉通北缘分布,长度>15000 km的巨型裂谷系。该巨型裂谷系由一个主裂谷带和三个分支裂谷组成,其中主裂谷带和位于华北与北澳大利亚克拉通之间的分支裂谷发展成了大洋,并导致了大陆分离;而位于西伯利亚东缘、格陵兰北缘和波罗地东缘的1.38 Ga分支裂谷,以及位于北美北缘和西伯利亚西南缘的1.35~1.32 Ga分支裂谷则为夭折裂谷,未导致大陆裂离。这一巨型裂谷系是哥伦比亚超大陆裂解的重要标志,并可能是其最终裂解的最主要原因。另外,研究结果也显示,虽然全球两个最大规模的火成碳酸岩型稀土矿床,即华北克拉通西北缘的白云鄂博超大型稀土矿床和北美克拉通西缘的Mountain Pass超大型稀土矿床在哥伦比亚超大陆中并不相邻(相连),但却可以通过1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系相联系起来,显示这一巨型裂谷系控制了白云鄂博和Mountain Pass大型稀土矿床的形成,并具有较好的稀土及金属成矿潜力。未来需要进一步加强燕辽辉绿岩床群侵位机制与岩浆补给系统,岩床侵位过程中温室气体排放量定量估算及其环境效应,哥伦比亚超大陆中1.4~1.3 Ga巨型裂谷系的形成机制、深部动力学背景、环境效应及资源能源潜力等方面的研究。

豫西夹沟铝土矿床古地理环境分析

夹沟铝土矿赋存于奥陶系碳酸盐岩古风化剥蚀面上,含矿层位为上石炭统本溪组,为一大型铝土矿床。查阅前人对该区的研究成果,结合矿区大量基础资料,从矿床地质特征、沉积相、古气候、地球化学、生物生态等多角度开展综合研究,表明该区矿床古地理环境是气候湿热的近海陆交互环境。通过对其古地理环境的分析,提高该区古地理环境研究程度,也为后续矿山开发利用和矿区深部找矿提供指导。

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组四段优质白云岩储层发育特征及成因机制

鄂尔多斯盆地米探1井在奥陶系马家沟组四段(以下简称马四段)白云岩获得天然气勘探新发现,展示出马四段良好的天然气勘探前景,但马四段白云岩储层发育特征及其分布规律不清,制约了该层系下一步的天然气勘探部署。为此,基于岩心、薄片、工业CT、U-Pb定年、物性分析及地球化学特征等资料,系统研究了马四段白云岩储层发育特征及成因机制,并预测了该盆地白云岩储层分布和天然气有利勘探区带。研究结果表明:(1)马四段主要发育丘滩相白云岩储层和斑状白云岩储层,其中丘滩相白云岩储层岩性为砂砾屑白云岩、细—中晶白云岩、粉—细晶白云岩和叠层石白云岩,斑状白云岩储层岩性为斑状粉—细晶白云岩、斑状粉晶白云岩和斑状灰质白云岩。(2)丘滩相白云岩储层储集空间主要为晶间(溶)孔,含少量溶蚀孔洞、残余粒间孔和微裂缝,平均孔隙度为5.06%;斑状白云岩储层储集空间以晶间孔为主,含少量晶间溶孔和微裂缝,平均孔隙度为2.46%。(3)丘滩相白云岩储层发育主要受微生物丘和颗粒滩控制,并经历了准同生白云石化作用和埋藏白云石化作用的改造,斑状白云岩储层发育主要受生物扰动作用、准同生白云石化作用和埋藏白云石化作用控制。(4)构造古地理格局和海平面升降变化共同控制了丘滩体发育、生物扰动作用程度和白云石化流体的形成。结论认为,马四段优质白云岩储层主要沿中央古隆起和神木—志丹低隆起规模分布,其中神木—志丹低隆起马四段白云岩储层位于岩性相变带上,其储盖配置关系好,是天然气富集区,预测有利区储层面积18 000 km^(2)。

黔北地区下奥陶统沉积相与层序特征

【目的】奥陶纪生物大辐射事件(Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event,GOBE)是海洋环境与生物相互作用的结果,通过对该时期碳酸盐台地沉积相和层序的研究可揭示其形成与演化过程及海平面变化历史,并为奥陶纪生物时空分布特征及演化规律的探讨提供沉积背景和等时地层格架。【方法】在野外露头剖面实测和显微镜下观察的基础上,识别了黔北地区瓢儿田剖面下奥陶统(桐梓组和红花园组)的岩相类型,进一步分析了沉积模式和高频米级沉积旋回及沉积层序,最后探讨了沉积演化过程中的控制因素。【结果和结论】(1)瓢儿田剖面下奥陶统发育10种岩相类型,主要形成于碳酸盐缓坡沉积体系,且桐梓组和红花园组沉积时期分别以非骨架碳酸盐颗粒和骨架碳酸盐颗粒为特征;(2)桐梓组和红花园组主要发育非对称性的开阔海沉积旋回;(3)识别出3个半三级层序(Sq1~Sq4),每个三级层序均为Ⅱ型层序界面(即岩性转换面)所限。其中Sq1~Sq3为完整的三级层序,由海侵体系域(Transgressive Systems Tract,TST)和海退体系域(Regressive Systems Tract,RST)构成,但Sq4仅发育TST;(4)瓢儿田剖面下奥陶统的沉积演化和层序发育主要受不同级次的相对海平面变化和古地理格局的共同控制。其中不同级次相对海平面波动制约着沉积相的垂向演化,古地理格局则控制着沉积相带的空间分布。

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系延安组源-汇系统特征及古地理格局

鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组是印支运动后滞效应后,受周缘造山带多物源系统影响的一套含煤碎屑岩地层,煤炭及油气等资源勘探潜力巨大。通过轻矿物、重矿物、古流向、主微量及稀土元素等进行物源分析,结合前人研究成果,开展了盆地延安组源-汇系统特征研究。结果表明,盆地延安组受来自北部阴山古陆、西北部阿拉善古陆、西南部祁连古陆及南部北秦岭造山带4个源-汇系统的影响。在源-汇系统分区的基础上深化了古地理格局认识,延安组在前侏罗纪沟壑纵横的地貌基础上,受4个不同古陆风化剥蚀搬运沉积过程差异的影响,形成了以盆地中部延安—东南部济源地区为沉积中心的陆相含煤碎屑岩沉积,自盆地边缘至汇水区,冲积扇-辫状河-曲流河-三角洲-湖泊沉积有序变化,其中以西北、北部源-汇系统沉积规模最大,是盆地勘探重点。研究结果对于深入理解不同物源体系影响下的各类储层特征及储层预测等具有理论和现实意义。

四川盆地北部二叠系栖霞组陆源碎屑岩的发现及其指示意义

在四川盆地北部旺苍双汇剖面二叠系栖霞组碳酸盐地层中发现了陆源碎屑岩沉积,其区内对二叠纪瓜德鲁普世早期古地理演化及二叠系油气勘探具有重要的指示意义。笔者等通过沉积学和锆石U-Pb年代学的方法,对碎屑岩的沉积环境和物源条件进行了分析。栖霞组陆源碎屑岩的沉积特征表明其形成于滨岸沉积环境,指示区内经历过短暂的海平面下降。岩石学及锆石形态特征表明其具有较高的成分成熟度和结构成熟度,碎屑锆石UPb测年结果显示年龄主要集中在2600~2400 Ma、1800~1200 Ma、1000~700 Ma和500~400 Ma 4个峰值区间,反映物源成分较为复杂,指示碎屑颗粒经历了较长距离搬运或再旋回。通过对比锆石年龄频谱发现,栖霞组碎屑岩与扬子地块志留系—二叠系碎屑岩及前寒武系结晶基底均具有相似的锆石年龄分布特征。结合区域构造演化,认为扬子地块前寒武系结晶基底是碎屑锆石的初始来源,上扬子北缘志留系—石炭系可能为栖霞组碎屑岩的形成提供了直接的物源供给。栖霞组碎屑岩的出现指示研究区在瓜德鲁普世早期由于海平面的下降,局部水下隆起短暂暴露形成了海岛或古陆并遭受剥蚀,为碎屑岩形成提供物源。基于栖霞组碎屑岩所指示的沉积环境和物源条件,恢复了研究区瓜德鲁普世早期的古地理格局。栖霞组陆源碎屑岩的发现对揭示四川盆地北部瓜德鲁普世早期地貌分异及古地理格局转换提供了新的证据,为区内下一步油气勘探提供重要指示。

PBDB数据库在古地理重建中的重要应用进展

大数据时代的信息技术革命带来了科学研究的数字化变革,作为地球科学领域开展数字化科研重要里程碑的古生物数据库Paleobiology Database(PBDB),为古地理研究提供了重要的数据支撑。通过调研PBDB数据库平台内容及其在古地理重建中的应用实例,总结PBDB数据库目前在古地理重建中存在的问题,展望其未来的发展方向。结果表明:(1)古生物数据库包含大量的可溯源数据,是古生物领域研究的重要信息来源和成果交流平台,其中PBDB数据库具有可视化特点,能提供多种数据检索和下载方式,是古地理重建工作的首选古生物数据库;(2)PBDB数据库的分类学和采集记录数据,在约束古地理位置、修订古气候带划分方案、定量古高程古水深、校正古海岸线等古地理重建领域具有明显优势;(3)古生物数据库偏向于古生物研究领域,且古生物记录的历史可能存在偏差和不完整性,其在古地理重建中起辅助约束作用,而非绝对途径;(4)如何实现古生物数据库中数据的自动分类、筛选,如何精确约束古板块位置的相对经度,如何提升古气候、古高程、古水深等研究的精确性,是应用PBDB数据库进行古地理重建的重要发展方向。