Gentiana macrophylla Pall.:a review of the basic source,traditional use,chemical components,pharmacological activities and quality control

Gentiana macrophylla Pall.(G.macrophylla),whose genus and family belong to the Gentianaceae and Gentiana.The main distribution centers of G.macrophylla resources were the Loess Plateau and the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.G.macrophylla,as a traditional medicine,has a long history and was used in different ethnic medicines.Its roots were used in traditional Chinese medicine,which had the effect of anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatism,antiviral,promote blood circulation,eliminate swelling and pain,while its flowers were used in traditional Mongolian medicine,which had the effect of removing“Xieriwusu”(“Xieriwusu”means rheumatism),antiviral,reducing swelling.From previous studies,it could be found that there were more than forty components isolated and identified from G.macrophylla.The main chemical components were iridoids,flavonoids,triterpenoids,steroids,phenylpropanoids,and alkaloids.Iridoid terpenoid components represented by gentiopicroside and Loganic acid were the main components of the root of G.macrophylla,which had anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,hepatoprotective,analgesic,antibacterial and promote gastrointestinal tract activities.The flower mainly contains isoorientin and isovitexin as the representative of flavonoids.They have anti-tumor,liver protection,heart protection,inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and inhibition of melanin.It could be seen from previous studies that the research on G.macrophylla was mainly focused on the root,and the flower was rarely studied.It was reported that the experimental data of the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of G.macrophylla flowers show that its curative effect was very good.Therefore,the flowers of the flower of G.macrophylla can be used as potential medicinal parts for research.Given that flavonoids are mostly found in flowers and exhibit a range of functions,it is possible to investigate the flowers in order to learn more about G.macrophylla’s potential medical benefits.Based on botanical books,Chinese classic texts,medical monographs and academic search engines(Google,Google Scholar,Web of Science,SciFinder,Pubmed,CNKI,Sci-hub,Elsevier and Wanfang),the data and information on G.macrophylla in the past 20 years are inquired and summarized comprehensively.The basic source,traditional use,chemical composition,biological activity,pharmacodynamics and quality control of G.macrophylla was systematically reviewed,in order to provide reliable basis for the subsequent development and utilization of G.macrophylla.

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定白芍禁用农药残留

建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定白芍中29种禁用农药残留的分析方法。白芍粉末试样经乙腈浸泡过夜后超声波提取,采用固相萃取小柱净化,经LC-MS/MS正离子模式扫描分析29种禁用农药残留。结果表明,29种禁用农药的线性相关系数良好(R2>0.9951),检出限为0.0001~0.0300 mg/kg,定量限为0.0003~0.0900 mg/kg;在0.01~0.50 mg/kg的加标水平下,29种禁用农药的回收率为66.8%~108.4%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.9%~12.3%。此方法成功应用于白芍质控样品中29种禁用农药的定性和定量分析,定性准确,定量结果在质控证书不确定度范围内,适用于白芍中29种禁用农药的残留分析。

Rhizobacteria facilitate physiological and biochemical drought tolerance of Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss

Growth-promoting bacteria(GPB)have shown promising effects on serving plants against environmental constraints such as drought.Nevertheless,simultaneous effects of different GPB have less been considered for arid land plants and under field conditions.We investigated the effects of single and combined application of GPB,including free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB),phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB),potassium solubilizing bacteria(KSB),a combination of NFB,PSB,and KSB(NPK),and control,at three drought stress treatments.In order to better understand the interactions between drought and GPB,we measured the morphological,biochemical,and physiological plant traits.The target plant was salt tree(Halimodendron Halodendron(Pall.)Voss),a legume shrub native to arid lands of Central and West Asia.All biofertilizer treatments enhanced the growth,physiology,and biochemistry of salt tree seedlings,and there were significant differences among the treatments.KSB and PSB treatments increased photosynthetic pigments,but KSB treatment was more efficient in transpiration rate and stomatal regulation and increased the soluble carbohydrates.PSB treatment had the highest effect on root traits,such as taproot length,root volume,cumulative root length,and the ratio of root to shoot.NFB treatment enhanced root diameter and induced biomass translocation between root systems.However,only the application of mixed biofertilizer(i.e.,NPK treatment)was the most significant treatment to improve all plant morphological and physiological characteristics of salt tree under drought stress.Therefore,our results provided improvement of some specific plant traits simultaneous with application of three biofertilizers to increase growth and establishment of salt tree seedlings in the degraded arid lands.

ISSR引物鉴定芍药栽培品种之间亲缘关系的初步研究

以芍药栽培品种‘莲台’、‘妒花魁’、‘紫霞映雪’、‘粉玉奴’、‘紫金龙’、‘合欢娇’、‘蓝田碧玉’、‘鱼鳞红’、‘红莲’等为试材,用10个来源于水稻的ISSR标记对其进行亲缘关系鉴定的初步结果表明:‘蓝田碧玉’与其余7个品种之间的亲缘关系较远。5个引物扩增出的DNA片段在250￣1000bp之间,扩增DNA谱带总数为21,引物ISSR7和ISSR8扩增出的条带数最多。

Flavanoids from Clematis hexapetala

Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall.. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Results Twelve flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3＇, 4＇-heptamethoxyflavone （1）, nobiletin （2）, liquiritigenin （3）, hesperetin （4）, naringenin （5）, liquiritigen-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7, 4＇ -trihydroxy-3＇- methoxyflavanone -7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1→6 ） -β-D-glucopyranoside （7）, 6-hydroxybiochain A （ 8）, formononetin （9）, daidzein （10）, genistein （11）, and tectoridin （12）. Conclusion All the said compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

考虑几何非线性的Pall型摩擦阻尼器滞回特性分析

从Pall摩擦阻尼器四连杆机构的几何非线性变形特征出发,分析支撑屈曲力、支撑刚度、滑动摩擦力对一种改进的Pall摩擦阻尼器T形芯板摩擦阻尼器的滞回特性以及支撑的受力特点的影响。一方面从分析方法上更严密地论证了T形芯板(或Pall)摩擦阻尼器的滞回特性不受支撑屈曲力影响这一结论。另一方面也揭示出一些新的规律:支撑的拉力在阻尼器起滑后并不保持为一常数,而是呈显著增加趋势;支撑的最大拉力与支撑刚度关系密切,相同摩擦力的条件下,支撑刚度越大,支撑的最大拉力越大。

长白山杜鹃花属种间杂交亲和性的研究

为了探索长白山杜鹃花属种间杂交的亲和性及种间杂交在种质创新中的可行性,以5种长白山杜鹃花属植物为试材,进行种间正反杂交,并对杂种胚进行离体培养.结果表明,杜鹃花属种间正反杂交亲和力有显著差异,以牛皮杜鹃为母本,与迎红杜鹃、白花迎红杜鹃、亚布力杜鹃杂交有较高的亲和性,与母本的自然授粉坐果率无显著差异,分别为92.55％、94.14％、92.42％,杂种胚的萌发率分别为13.60％、11.59％、4.12％;杂种苗生长势微弱,呈白化状态,有败育迹象,经继代培养2～3次后,生长势得到一定的恢复,且分化率明显高于牛皮杜鹃种胚苗,但植株的颜色仍是黄绿色.而反交时,坐果率明显降低,坐果率最高的组合为亚布力杜鹃×牛皮杜鹃,为36.51％;与迎红杜鹃的杂交坐果率为6.52％;而与大字杜鹃的杂交坐果率为0,但反交时亚布力×牛皮杜鹃的种胚萌发率极显著地高于正交,为39.81％,而且种胚苗生长健壮,无需继代,可直接进行炼苗移栽.

赛北紫堇总生物碱抗炎作用研究

通过建立二甲苯诱导小白鼠耳廓肿胀和蛋清诱导大鼠足跖肿胀炎症模型观察赛北紫堇(Corydalisimpatiens(Pall.)Fisch)总生物碱的抗炎作用。结果表明,赛北紫堇总生物碱明显抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳廓肿胀(P<0.05)和蛋清所致的大鼠足跖肿胀(P<0.05)。赛北紫堇总生物碱具有明显的抗炎作用。

大孔吸附树脂纯化山刺玫果总黄酮的工艺研究

对山刺玫（Rosa davurica Pall.）果总黄酮的大孔树脂纯化工艺进行了优化研究,以比吸附量和比解吸量为考察指标,进行了D-101大孔树脂纯化工艺的优化。结果表明,其最佳工艺条件为生药浓度0.025 g/m L;最佳上样量为0.23 g/g（生药量/树脂量）;最佳吸附时间为30 min;上柱液p H为2.0-4.0;吸附速率为1 BV/h;洗脱液为3 BV 70%乙醇,洗脱流速为1 BV/h。在此最佳条件下得到的山刺玫果提取物总黄酮含量由20%提高到85%左右。采用D-101型大孔树脂纯化山刺玫果总黄酮的效果较好,且操作简单,为山刺玫果的综合利用提供了依据。

PFD-SMA支撑体系滞回性能

对传统的Pall摩擦阻尼支撑体系进行了改进,充分利用Pall摩擦阻尼器和形状记忆合金的优点提出了一种Pall摩擦阻尼器和形状记忆合金(Pall-typed frictional damper-shape memory alloy,PFD-SMA)支撑体系.考虑几何非线性,采用ANSYS程序,根据摩擦力和SMA的刚度、支撑长度、最大恢复应变及弹性模量等,分析了PFD-SMA支撑体系的滞回性能.分析结果表明该体系具有较好的耗能能力,即使在抱死的情况下SMA支撑本身也会耗能;摩擦力与SMA刚度、长度以及弹性模量对其滞回性能都有影响.同时,该体系可因为SMA的超弹性、形状记忆效应而具有双重自复位功能.

Uniform Design for Optimizating Regeneration Shoots Directly from Tender Leaves and Plant Regeneration System of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.

[Objective] The experimental was aimed to screen the optimum regeneration shoot induction media and rooting media for tender leaves of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall.[Method] The tender leaves of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall were taken as explants to select the optimum bud induction media and rooting media through uniform design and the screening results were verified.[Result] The optimum media for regeneration shoot of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall contained 1/4 MS,3.70 mg/L ZT, 0.02 mg/L IAA and 1.00 mg/L KT and its induction rate was 95.5% and the rooting media contained modified MS, 0.10 mg/L IAA and 0.07 mg/L NAA and its rooting rate was 98%. [Conclusion] Through this experiment, regeneration systems for regeneration shoot and regenerated plant from tender leaves of Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall were created successfully.

刺玫果多糖含量测定方法优选

[目的]优选刺玫果多糖的含量测定方法。[方法]通过精密度试验、稳定性试验、回收率试验和线性关系考察比较苯酚硫酸法和蒽酮硫酸法2种常用多糖含量测定方法在测定刺玫果多糖中的应用。[结果]苯酚硫酸法测定刺玫果多糖含量优于蒽酮硫酸法。[结论]该研究确定的多糖含量测定方法稳定、可靠,可用于刺玫果多糖的含量测定。

PFD-SMA支撑体系的抗震性能

对传统的Pall摩擦阻尼支撑体系进行改进,提出一种PFD-SMA支撑体系,充分利用Pall摩擦阻尼器(PFD)和形状记忆合金(SMA)的优点,使该体系具有强耗能能力和自复位功能;考虑几何非线性采用ANSYS程序对SMA棒材和PFD-SMA体系进行分析。研究结果表明:SMA棒材具有较强的耗能能力,且可恢复应变大;在钢框架结构中采用PFD-SMA体系能有效降低结构的地震响应,提高结构的抗震性能,同时,该体系可通过形状记忆超弹性及形状记忆效应具有双重自复位功能,表明PFD-SMA体系具有良好的抗震性能。

Pall型摩擦阻尼框架几何非线性分析

采用大型有限元程序ANSYS分析了Pall型摩擦阻尼器(PFD)的滞回性能,证明了Pall摩擦阻尼器和改进的Pall摩擦阻尼器—T形芯板摩擦阻尼器(TFD)的力学特性是相同的.采用AN-SYS程序对安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器的钢框架和钢筋混凝土框架进行了有限元分析,分析结果表明安装Pall型摩擦阻尼器能有效提高结构的刚度,并且大大提高框架的耗能能力.

新型Pall-BRB摩擦阻尼支撑体系设计方法

考虑几何非线性采用ANSYS有限元软件对一种新型Pall-BRB摩擦阻尼支撑体系(采用防屈曲支撑(BRB)代替Pall型摩擦阻尼器(PFD)的普通支撑)的滞回特性进行分析.首先进行了Pall型普通支撑体系和Pall-BRB摩擦阻尼支撑体系的滞回性能对比分析,结果表明,防屈曲支撑在拉压循环荷载作用下均能达到屈服,拉压承载力基本一致,耗能能力优于普通支撑.然后分析了防屈曲支撑刚度、Pall型阻尼器起滑摩擦力、阻尼器的大小以及防屈曲支撑与水平方向的倾角等因素对体系滞回特性以及支撑内力的影响.结果表明,Pall-BRB支撑体系比Pall型普通支撑体系有更好的耗能性能,支撑内力变化不大且在阻尼器起滑后保持为常数,有利于抗震设计;防屈曲支撑最大内力与起滑摩擦力关系密切,起滑摩擦力越大,体系耗能能力越强,支撑越能充分发挥作用.最后提出了这种新型Pall-BRB摩擦阻尼支撑体系的设计方法.