Biometric Finger Vein Recognition Using Evolutionary Algorithm with Deep Learning

In recent years,the demand for biometric-based human recog-nition methods has drastically increased to meet the privacy and security requirements.Palm prints,palm veins,finger veins,fingerprints,hand veins and other anatomic and behavioral features are utilized in the development of different biometric recognition techniques.Amongst the available biometric recognition techniques,Finger Vein Recognition(FVR)is a general technique that analyzes the patterns of finger veins to authenticate the individuals.Deep Learning(DL)-based techniques have gained immense attention in the recent years,since it accomplishes excellent outcomes in various challenging domains such as computer vision,speech detection and Natural Language Processing(NLP).This technique is a natural fit to overcome the ever-increasing biomet-ric detection problems and cell phone authentication issues in airport security techniques.The current study presents an Automated Biometric Finger Vein Recognition using Evolutionary Algorithm with Deep Learning(ABFVR-EADL)model.The presented ABFVR-EADL model aims to accomplish bio-metric recognition using the patterns of the finger veins.Initially,the presented ABFVR-EADL model employs the histogram equalization technique to pre-process the input images.For feature extraction,the Salp Swarm Algorithm(SSA)with Densely-connected Networks(DenseNet-201)model is exploited,showing the proposed method’s novelty.Finally,the Deep-Stacked Denoising Autoencoder(DSAE)is utilized for biometric recognition.The proposed ABFVR-EADL method was experimentally validated using the benchmark databases,and the outcomes confirmed the productive performance of the proposed ABFVR-EADL model over other DL models.

Unconstrained Hand Dorsal Veins Image Database and Recognition System

Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that,in contrast to fingerprints,are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts.Moreover,they form a complex rich shape that is unique,even in identical twins,and allows a high degree of freedom.However,most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality.Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,most handbased biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic.Consequently,new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness.One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle.This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years.For the other research contribution,a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform.This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images.The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.

Extraction of intersecting palm-vein and palmprint features for cancellable identity verification

A novel method based on the cross-modality intersecting features of the palm-vein and the palmprint is proposed for identity verification.Capitalising on the unique geometrical relationship between the two biometric modalities,the cross-modality intersecting points provides a stable set of features for identity verification.To facilitate flexibility in template changes,a template transformation is proposed.While maintaining non-invertibility,the template transformation allows transformation sizes beyond that offered by the con-ventional means.Extensive experiments using three public palm databases are conducted to verify the effectiveness the proposed system for identity recognition.

基于手指静脉识别的艺术实验教学智慧监管系统

当前艺术实验教学中缺乏兼顾安全监管和智慧决策的信息化管理手段。在主流的信息安全技术中,手指静脉识别技术具有活体识别、准确率高、使用方便等优势,适应艺术实验教学监管应用场景。该文提出结合软特征的手指静脉识别算法,进一步提升了识别性能。在此基础上,研究实现艺术实验教学智能监管系统,在实现实验教学监管的同时辅助管理决策,有效解决了监管中普遍存在的问题,全面提升了监管水平。

一种基于改进多任务学习的手背静脉识别方法与系统

针对当前手背静脉识别产品较为缺乏的问题,为了促进深度学习技术在手背静脉识别领域的落地应用,提出一种基于改进多任务学习的手背静脉识别方法,同时开发一套基于软硬件协同的手背静脉识别系统。来自采集手背静脉数据集上的实验结果显示,改进算法在嵌入式设备上能够取得99.59%的准确率、0.437%的等误率、小于1 s的识别时间,足以满足大多数常见应用场景对识别性能的需求,为手背静脉识别方法的落地应用提供了一种有效的解决方案。

采用轻量化神经网络的高安全手指静脉识别系统

针对特殊材料能伪造手指静脉从而欺骗识别系统,以及利用卷积神经网络进行手指静脉识别计算量大的问题,设计了具有活体检测功能和轻量化卷积神经网络结构的手指静脉识别系统。采用光容积法检测手指脉搏波的变化,从而判断被采集对象是否为活体;利用剪枝及通道恢复方法改进了ResNet-18卷积神经网络,并结合L_(1)正则化增加卷积神经网络的特征选择能力,在提升算法准确率的基础上,能有效地降低计算资源的消耗。实验表明,使用改进的剪枝及通道恢复优化结构,参数量降低了75.6%,计算量降低了25.6%,在山东大学和香港理工大学手指静脉数据库上得到的等误率分别为0.025%、0.085%,远低于ResNet-18得到的等误率(0.117%、0.213%)。

基于静脉关键特征和AdaFace损失的轻量级指静脉识别算法

基于深度学习的指静脉识别方法通常需要大量的计算资源,限制了其在嵌入设备上的推广和普及,采用轻量级网络又面临模型参数减少导致准确率下降的问题,为此提出一种基于指静脉关键特征和AdaFace损失的轻量级识别算法。在MicroNet框架中,首先提出一种FMixconv卷积来替代原网络中的深度卷积,减少参数的同时可以获得静脉特征的多尺度信息;其次引入轻量级注意力模块CA模块,从空间和通道上聚焦于静脉特征的关键信息;最后在损失函数中加入AdaFace损失,通过特征范数对图像质量进行评价,以减少图像质量下降对训练的影响。该算法在SDUMLA-HMT、FV-USM和自建数据集上的识别准确率达到99.84%、99.39%和99.42%,而参数量仅有0.82 M。实验结果表明,该算法在准确率和参数量大小上均领先于其他方法。

掌静脉识别的深度学习方法综述

掌静脉识别作为一种新兴的红外生物识别技术,因其高安全性、活体检测性等优势已成为当前生物特征识别领域中的研究热点之一。近年来,该领域的大量研究通过引入深度学习方法推动了掌静脉识别技术的发展。为了掌握掌静脉识别领域最新研究现状及发展方向,对数据采集和数据预处理的主流算法进行了分类和总结,并针对基于深度学习的掌静脉识别的最新进展按照掌脉特征表征、网络设计与优化、轻量级网络进行了分类和详细阐述。针对当前单模态识别达到瓶颈等问题,分析并对比了多模态和多特征融合识别相关算法;探讨了当前掌静脉识别的研究难点挑战,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望与总结。

Artificial intelligence can assist with diagnosing retinal vein occlusion

AIM:To assist with retinal vein occlusion(RVO)screening,artificial intelligence(AI)methods based on deep learning(DL)have been developed to alleviate the pressure experienced by ophthalmologists and discover and treat RVO as early as possible.METHODS:A total of 8600 color fundus photographs(CFPs)were included for training,validation,and testing of disease recognition models and lesion segmentation models.Four disease recognition and four lesion segmentation models were established and compared.Finally,one disease recognition model and one lesion segmentation model were selected as superior.Additionally,224 CFPs from 130 patients were included as an external test set to determine the abilities of the two selected models.RESULTS:Using the Inception-v3 model for disease identification,the mean sensitivity,specificity,and F1 for the three disease types and normal CFPs were 0.93,0.99,and 0.95,respectively,and the mean area under the curve(AUC)was 0.99.Using the DeepLab-v3 model for lesion segmentation,the mean sensitivity,specificity,and F1 for four lesion types(abnormally dilated and tortuous blood vessels,cotton-wool spots,flame-shaped hemorrhages,and hard exudates)were 0.74,0.97,and 0.83,respectively.CONCLUSION:DL models show good performance when recognizing RVO and identifying lesions using CFPs.Because of the increasing number of RVO patients and increasing demand for trained ophthalmologists,DL models will be helpful for diagnosing RVO early in life and reducing vision impairment.

深度学习在手指静脉识别中的应用研究综述

手指静脉识别技术由于其非接触、高防伪性以及活体检测等优点,成为新一代生物识别技术中的研究热点。随着深度学习的发展,基于深度神经网络的手指静脉识别技术取得了显著的成果。首先对手指静脉识别领域的常用公开数据集进行了介绍,然后根据神经网络学习任务的不同,对近几年深度学习方法在手指静脉识别中的应用进行了分类,分析了每种类型的技术特点和适用场景。从轻量化网络、数据增广、注意力机制等方面对手指静脉识别中的深度学习设计技巧进行了介绍。从分类损失和度量学习损失两方面,对模型中常用的损失函数进行了阐述。最后介绍了手指静脉识别系统的评价指标并汇总了部分研究在准确率和等错误率方面的成果。此外,还提出了手指静脉识别面临的挑战和潜在的发展方向。

基于深度残差网络的轻量级指静脉识别算法

提出一种基于深度残差网络的轻量级指静脉识别算法。首先,以ResNet34为基础,使用深度可分离卷积代替传统卷积,加入SE(Squeeze and Excitation)注意力机制模块来提取手指静脉空间域上的细节特征,并引入宽度缩放因子,进一步压缩网络;其次,在训练中引入教师-学生网络模式,对轻量级深度残差网络进行知识蒸馏训练,并使用知识蒸馏损失、CurricularFace和交叉熵损失对网络进行联合监督,解决了轻量级深度残差网络因学习参数量较少引起的性能下降问题。分别在FV-USM数据集、Lab-Normal数据集和Lab-Special数据集上进行仿真实验,结果表明,同基于轻量级网络MobileFaceNet的识别算法相比,提出的算法有效提高了零误识识别率和Top1排序性能。

Finger vein recognition using weighted local binary pattern code based on a support vector machine

Finger vein recognition is a biometric technique which identifies individuals using their unique finger vein patterns. It is reported to have a high accuracy and rapid processing speed. In addition, it is impossible to steal a vein pattern located inside the finger. We propose a new identification method of finger vascular patterns using a weighted local binary pattern (LBP) and support vector machine (SVM). This research is novel in the following three ways. First, holistic codes are extracted through the LBP method without using a vein detection procedure. This reduces the processing time and the complexities in detecting finger vein patterns. Second, we classify the local areas from which the LBP codes are extracted into three categories based on the SVM classifier: local areas that include a large amount (LA), a medium amount (MA), and a small amount (SA) of vein patterns. Third, different weights are assigned to the extracted LBP code according to the local area type (LA, MA, and SA) from which the LBP codes were extracted. The optimal weights are determined empirically in terms of the accuracy of the finger vein recognition. Experimental results show that our equal error rate (EER) is significantly lower compared to that without the proposed method or using a conventional method.

基于感兴趣区域的改进型LBP手指静脉识别

为进一步提升手指静脉识别算法的识别率,在图像预处理阶段提出一种快速感兴趣区域(RoI)提取方法,简化候选区域提取的计算过程,缩短手指区域提取时间。识别特征则是在局部二值模式(LBP)的基础上,利用邻域像素的平均值代替中心值,通过邻域像素的关系引入,提升了图像的纹理表达效果。在SDUMLA数据库与天津市智能实验室采集指静脉图像数据库上,分别取得了99.53%,99.74%的识别率,表明了算法优良的识别性能与泛化能力。

基于质量评价与特征提取网络的手指静脉识别

在利用手指静脉信息进行个人身份识别认证的系统中,采集到的手指静脉图像质量的好坏以及图像特征提取算法的性能直接影响着系统识别的准确性。针对以上两个核心问题,提出了基于神经网络学习的手指静脉图像质量判断与特征提取技术,并将图像质量判断、特征提取与匹配集成为一个完整的识别系统。在采集手指静脉图像时,利用经过训练的轻量级的MobileNet-V2网络,判断图像质量,仅保留质量较好的图像,将其用于后续个人身份识别与验证;对特征提取网络的设计,提出了基于平滑平均准确度损失函数的ResNet模型,提高了原网络的特征提取能力。最后,利用余弦相似度进行特征匹配,获得待识别人的身份信息。实验结果表明,所提出的方法在公开的山东大学和中国香港理工大学手指静脉数据库上分别得到3.855%和3.699%的等误率值,比基于差分图像+VGG网络识别等方法至少降低了1.311%。并且,所设计的识别系统对于自建手指静脉图像数据库,达到了99.30%的识别率。

融合Transformer和CNN的手掌静脉识别网络

针对手掌静脉特征提取识别精度不高问题,提出了掌静脉识别网络PVCodeNet。该网络设计了改进的BasicBlock和Transformer Encoder模块结合并运用扩大决策边界的损失函数AAM-Loss(additive angular margin loss)。该网络首次将Transformer Encoder模块成功用于掌静脉图像全局特征提取,改进的BasicBlock使用深度超参数化卷积Do-Conv取代传统卷积Conv进行特征提取使提取的特征更加具有区分性,该模块还加入规一化的注意力机制NAM模块,通过应用权重稀疏性惩罚项抑制不显著性特征的权值来提取图像在通道和空间域上重要的细节特征。在手掌关键点定位、ROI提取、图像增强方面作了详细描述,在特征向量维度、AAM-Loss参数设置方面做了详细实验,在PolyU数据库和自建库SEPAD-PV数据库上进行消融实验测试,EER均达到了0,成功实现了最高识别率的突破。为了验证该网络的泛化性能,还在具有相似纹理特征的掌纹数据库Tongji和指静脉数据库SDUMLA上进行验证,EER远远优于其他主流算法,充分证明了提出算法的优越性。

面向跨数据集指静脉识别的可快速迁移模型

深度学习技术在手指静脉识别任务中展现出显著的性能优势和潜力.但是,由于其昂贵的训练开销以及不同数据集间存在的类别和分布差异,在某个数据集表现优异的模型可能难以高效应用到新数据或者在新数据上表现不佳.针对识别系统被应用到不同使用群体和设备的实际情景,为了实现模型在不同数据上的高效应用并保持其优良性能,文中提出面向跨数据集指静脉识别的可快速迁移模型,包含两个学习阶段的解决方案.首先,为了得到一个可以较好泛化到未见目标数据的深度模型,在第一阶段提出基于特征对齐和聚类的领域适应算法,引导网络提取有判别力且鲁棒的特征.然后,为了减小图像中由偏差场引起的数据集差异,提出一个偏差场校正网络,消除偏差,并调整潜在分布,使其更相似.最后,为了将模型高效迁移到目标数据并充分利用新数据的模版信息,在执行快速迁移的第二阶段中,设计具有更快学习速度的基于改进极限学习机的分类器,利用它的学习算法,加速模型的迁移训练.在四个公开指静脉数据库上的实验表明,文中模型能够在实现高效迁移的同时,取得与在目标任务上进行充分端到端训练的最佳方法同等的识别性能.对于常见的应用场景,能满足实时部署的需求,从而为深度学习技术在跨数据集指静脉识别应用提供一套可行的解决方案.

基于深度语义解析与识别的电力实体链指技术研究

针对电力营销领域电力知识数据存在的多样性问题,提出了一种新的基于深度语义解析与识别的电力实体链指技术体系。其结构采用语义特征选择器的多层卷积特征拼接静脉识别方法,生成反映高级特征关键信息的语义加权图。同时以语义加权映射为选择器,筛选低层背景信息并保留细节信息,使筛选有更高效率的识别与压缩效果。该体系结构实现了完整的上下文约束,内存需求更少且搜索速度更快,错误率也较低,故能为大规模电力营销实体数据的构建提供实时解决方案。

基于面部识别和掌静脉识别的AFC支付技术研究

二维码乘车技术能够实现刷码进出站,具有将支付载体从实体卡变成二维码,减少购票环节,降低单程票使用等优点,但乘客必须携带智能手机,同时该方法受运营商网络状态影响较大。因此,文章对面部识别技术和掌静脉识别技术的优缺点、技术原理、技术性能进行对比,并对两种生物识别技术在城市轨道交通中的应用进行对比。结果表明,两种生物识别技术可实现AFC系统无感支付,具有高效运行,提高通行效率,增加乘客刷卡过闸形式多样化,降低闸机设备故障率等优点,可为城市轨道交通的高效运行提供技术参考。

Palm vein recognition method based on fusion of local Gabor histograms

Gabor features have been shown to be effective for palm vein recognition. This paper presents a novel feature representation method, implementing the fusion of local Gabor histograms （FLGH）, in order to improve the accuracy of palm vein recognition systems. A new local descriptor called local Gabor principal differences patterns （LGPDP） encodes the Gabor magnitude using the local maximum difference （LMD） operator. The corresponding Gabor phase patterns are encoded by local Gabor exclusive OR （XOR） patterns （LGXP）. Fisher＇s linear discriminant （FLD） method is then implemented to reduce the dimensionality of the feature representation. Low-dimensional Gabor magnitude and phase feature vectors are finally fused to enhance accuracy. Experimental results from Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of sciences （CASIA） database show that the proposed FLGH method achieves better performance by utilizing score-level fusion. The equal error rate （EER） is 0.08%, which outperforms other conventional palm vein recognition methods （EER range from 2.87% to 0.16%）, e.g., the Laplacian palm, minutiae feature, Hessian phase, Eigenvein, local invariant features, mutual foreground local binary patterns （LBP）, and multi-sampling feature fusion methods.

基于SURF算子的快速手背静脉识别

提出基于加速鲁棒性特征(speeded-up robust features,SURF)的手背静脉识别算法。首先对手背静脉图像进行预处理,提取手背静脉感兴趣区域(ROI),然后提取手背静脉的局部SURF特征,基于欧式距离实现测试样本和注册样本特征点的匹配,并剔除错误匹配对,最后计算匹配率作为待识别样本和注册样本之间的相似度测试实现身份识别。利用TJU手背静脉图像数据库对算法性能进行测试,在认证模式下等错率为0.07%,平均识别时间0.153 s。实验结果证明该算法可以快速有效地实现手背静脉识别。