Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,...Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,esp.to have a semantic analysis of the grammatical concept of the progressive aspect of English verbs,so as to raise students’awareness of the relationship between semantics and grammar,and thus to help students have a deeper understanding and mastery of the grammatical rules in future English teaching.展开更多
Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, a...Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, and a deductive approach and inductive approach should intermingle as an appropriate method to improve students' accuracy in use of modal verbs.展开更多
This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the...This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the study indicate that: Chinese learners use a much smaller variety of colligational patterns, they tend to underuse the inflected forms of these verbs in their colligations and they tend to use pronouns as the subject of these verbs. Though at advanced level, they still have difficulty with grammar in terms of tense, aspect and voice. The influence of L1 transfer, the learners'spoken style in writing, the classroom teaching and the learners'use of the avoidance strategy are thought to be the major reasons. The findings in this study may have some light to shed on the EFL teaching and research in China.展开更多
Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners...Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners under-use copular verbs; 2) Chinese college English learners select a limited variety of copular verbs; 3) Types of complement after most copular verbs used by Chinese college English learners lack variety; 4) Chinese college English learners use less various and more simpler complements than native speakers.展开更多
The appraisal theory of the Systemic Functional Linguistic consists of three main systems:Attitude,Graduation and Engagement.This research is mainly about applying the Attitude system to analyze the translation of App...The appraisal theory of the Systemic Functional Linguistic consists of three main systems:Attitude,Graduation and Engagement.This research is mainly about applying the Attitude system to analyze the translation of Appraisal verbs.展开更多
Through English and Chinese Modals with adverbs, Continuous modal verbs such as a comparative analysis between the two languages inspection Modals different grammatical function comparison.
In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explor...In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explores the motivations of this language phenomenon,and points out that verbs converted from animal nouns can help enrich the vocabulary,make the expression vivid and concise,and achieve certain pragmatic effects as well.Second,it studies the mechanisms of the conversion by analyzing the mapping process and similarities between two domains.Last it points out the importance of the context and the geographic factor in understanding verbs converted from animal nouns.展开更多
The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language lea...The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language learners' use of modals.At the same time,by pointing out the weakness of Hinkel's study,the author suggests that the mere acquisition of linguistic competence is insufficient and teachers should integrate current research findings into their transmission of knowledge to learners.展开更多
This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing mod...This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing model. Firstly,the scheme of verb subdivision is described. Secondly,a maximum entropy model is presented to distinguish verb subclasses. Finally,a statistical parser is developed to evaluate the verb subdivision. Experimental results indicate that the use of verb subclasses has a good influence on parsing performance.展开更多
In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.Howe...In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.However,sometimes the subjective person is expressed by the sign of the objective person or vice versa,which is called inversion in Georgian language.There are many options about the reason of inversion.Bipersonal static verbs are considered as the oldest verbs as believed by many scientists.These are the verbs of feeling and owning;they are inverse,bipersonal and hold the dative construction.We think that inversion cannot be only explained with the static character.There are the verbs,which are not static but are inverse.We believe that it must be one and the same aspect in every case:perfect semantics.In Indo-European languages,the verbs of the perfect semantics have been converted from the class of the lexical words into the grammar perfect.When the Georgian language encountered the need to express the perfect forms respective to Indo-European languages,thus,the third series has been generated and it used the form as the model,belonging to the verbs of bipersonal non-transitional“perfect semantics”in present.This form has been supplemented by preverb and has become dynamic and gradually acquired various semantic nuances characterizing the perfect tense:resultativity,will,evidentiality,interrogative and negative,etc.In our opinion such verbs are not the continuation of the I and II series;they are the standalone link of the verb system,namely the perfect group characterized with the dative construction,which is inverse and always bipersonal.展开更多
This research analyses compound verbs in Igbo,using construction morphology theory.It seeks to identify compound verbs,analyse them using schemata structures,ascertain the structures and behaviours of tones,and examin...This research analyses compound verbs in Igbo,using construction morphology theory.It seeks to identify compound verbs,analyse them using schemata structures,ascertain the structures and behaviours of tones,and examine some inflected forms of compound verbs in Igbo language.The study adopts a descriptive method of data analysis to examine data collected through oral interviews,introspections(which are confirmed by two native speakers)and those obtained from journals and textbooks.The research discovers that some compound verbs do not obey the vowel harmony rule,and through the aid of the schema,it is observed that some transformational processes have occurred before a surface compound verb is formed.According to the findings,tones also play a distinctive role in Igbo compound verbs.The research recommends further research in this area,to account for other aspects of compound verbs in Igbo that the current study could not cover.展开更多
The large number of expressions like "break out, come across", etc. forms an important characteristic in the modern English vocabulary. Such combinations of a common verb plus one or more than one particle a...The large number of expressions like "break out, come across", etc. forms an important characteristic in the modern English vocabulary. Such combinations of a common verb plus one or more than one particle are called "phrasal verbs". They are used casually and colloquially in everyday speech. Because of their simplicity and effectiveness, phrasal verbs are more and more used in modern English,especially in the last thirty years. So,a mastery of phrasal verbs will展开更多
Phrasal verbs are a specific structural feature in English.The study on phrasal verbs has attracted many researchers because such a common structure always triggers a lot of problems.In China,college students always a...Phrasal verbs are a specific structural feature in English.The study on phrasal verbs has attracted many researchers because such a common structure always triggers a lot of problems.In China,college students always avoid to use phrasal verbs when they convey a parallel meaning.In recent years,phrasal verbs have attracted a lot of studies in linguistics and language teaching and learning. With different circumstances in which phrasal verbs are applied,categories with examples are separated(Biber et al.,2002;Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman,1999).Phrasal verbs are also studied in association with language teaching and learning(Darwin and Gray,1999;Peter,1998). Moreover phrasal verbs are also studied semantically(Quirk,1985;Palmer,1987) and coguitively (Morgan,1997;Gries,1997;Hampe,2000).This paper is going to introduce four correlational studies on the use of phrasal verbs which has remained unpopular.展开更多
In English,especially in oral English,there are a large number of verb+particle combinations for us to account for.Among these combinations,many are idiomatic ones,of which the meanings cannot be easily figured out by...In English,especially in oral English,there are a large number of verb+particle combinations for us to account for.Among these combinations,many are idiomatic ones,of which the meanings cannot be easily figured out by simply adding the literal meaning of the verb to that of the particle.Therefore,even quite advanced EFL(English as a Foreign Language)learners get confused from time to time when trying to catch what such combinations are intended to mean.Studied from either the semantic or the syntactic point of view,such combinations show certain linguistic features which are quite different from the assumptions of the EFL learners and therefore worth our efforts to analyze.This paper is supposed to offer a tentative analysis of such combinations,in hope of enhancing EFL learners’mastery of them,practically as well as theoretically.展开更多
Although Chinese Ditransitive Construction(CDC) and English Ditransitive Construction(EDC) respectively belong to two completely different languages, there do exist many similarities between them. One of the similarit...Although Chinese Ditransitive Construction(CDC) and English Ditransitive Construction(EDC) respectively belong to two completely different languages, there do exist many similarities between them. One of the similarities is the diversified classifications of the verbs that enter into them because different scholars, though under different theoretical frameworks, classified the DC verbs on the basis of the lexical meanings of the verbs, which is a boundless category. It is not difficult to find that all the constituents of DC and the construction as a whole interact with each other after the comparison of the similarities between CDC and EDC; the lexical meanings of the verbs that enter into DC do not exist in isolation but interact with the construction sense. Therefore, it may be the best choice to reclassify the DC verbs on the basis of the interaction between the lexical meaning of the verbs and the construction sense.展开更多
In this paper I will,firstly demonstrate the stages of first language acquisition and place the phase of verb acquisition,then I will explain the most common mistake children make with irregular past tenses,and lastly...In this paper I will,firstly demonstrate the stages of first language acquisition and place the phase of verb acquisition,then I will explain the most common mistake children make with irregular past tenses,and lastly,I will give an explanation to this phenomenon,and show the consequence it could possibly have.展开更多
Reporting verbs are not only an important means of presenting characters’speeches,but also an important means of characterization in narratives.The original and the two English versions of Eileen Chang’s novella“St...Reporting verbs are not only an important means of presenting characters’speeches,but also an important means of characterization in narratives.The original and the two English versions of Eileen Chang’s novella“Steamed Osmanthus”are used as a corpus to conduct a comparative analysis focusing on the reporting verbs of the heroine Ah-Xiao.The analysis shows that the two translators-Eileen Chang herself and Simon Patton-have different styles.Patton favors the use of structuring verbs(especially“replied”)and neutral verbs in serial verb constructions while Chang tends to use neutral verbs glossed by an adverb,an adjective or a prepositional phrase.Descriptive verbs,especially prosodic verbs,also predominate in Chang’s version.As a result,both versions may have shaped a different Ah Xiao.展开更多
An ergative verb is a verb which can be used both as a two-place predicate or a three-place predicate,and that makes it difficult to analyze them within the binary-branching framework because of the existence of two c...An ergative verb is a verb which can be used both as a two-place predicate or a three-place predicate,and that makes it difficult to analyze them within the binary-branching framework because of the existence of two complements,or three arguments.Radford( 1988) suggests that VPs have a complex internal structure with a VP core and a VP shell.This study explores the inner structure of the ergative verbs within the frame of VP shells,and finds that its VP core merges with a light verb.展开更多
文摘Among the different parts of speech in each language,verbs are usually the most complicated and difficult to understand and master.This paper attempts to classify and analyze English verbs from a semantic perspective,esp.to have a semantic analysis of the grammatical concept of the progressive aspect of English verbs,so as to raise students’awareness of the relationship between semantics and grammar,and thus to help students have a deeper understanding and mastery of the grammatical rules in future English teaching.
文摘Through classifying modal verbs from the semantic aspect and the pragmatic aspect, this paper discusses difficulties that students may encounter in modal verb learning. It indicates that modal verbs have complicacy, and a deductive approach and inductive approach should intermingle as an appropriate method to improve students' accuracy in use of modal verbs.
文摘This study attempts to examine the colligational use of the high-frequency verbs DO, HAVE and BE in Chinese EFL learners'written production in the CIA (Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis) approach. Findings of the study indicate that: Chinese learners use a much smaller variety of colligational patterns, they tend to underuse the inflected forms of these verbs in their colligations and they tend to use pronouns as the subject of these verbs. Though at advanced level, they still have difficulty with grammar in terms of tense, aspect and voice. The influence of L1 transfer, the learners'spoken style in writing, the classroom teaching and the learners'use of the avoidance strategy are thought to be the major reasons. The findings in this study may have some light to shed on the EFL teaching and research in China.
文摘Adopting corpus-based approach, the use of copular verbs by Chinese college English learners is studied through a comparison between the COLEC and the LOCNESS. The main findings are: 1)Chinese college English learners under-use copular verbs; 2) Chinese college English learners select a limited variety of copular verbs; 3) Types of complement after most copular verbs used by Chinese college English learners lack variety; 4) Chinese college English learners use less various and more simpler complements than native speakers.
文摘The appraisal theory of the Systemic Functional Linguistic consists of three main systems:Attitude,Graduation and Engagement.This research is mainly about applying the Attitude system to analyze the translation of Appraisal verbs.
文摘Through English and Chinese Modals with adverbs, Continuous modal verbs such as a comparative analysis between the two languages inspection Modals different grammatical function comparison.
文摘In the framework of metaphor theory,this paper tries to research conversions from animal nouns to verbs in English,and aims to help English learners to better understand this language phenomenon.First the paper explores the motivations of this language phenomenon,and points out that verbs converted from animal nouns can help enrich the vocabulary,make the expression vivid and concise,and achieve certain pragmatic effects as well.Second,it studies the mechanisms of the conversion by analyzing the mapping process and similarities between two domains.Last it points out the importance of the context and the geographic factor in understanding verbs converted from animal nouns.
文摘The article gives a brief review on Hinkel's study "The Use of Modal Verbs as a Reflection of Cultural Values",aiming at improving language teacher's awareness that culture can influence language learners' use of modals.At the same time,by pointing out the weakness of Hinkel's study,the author suggests that the mere acquisition of linguistic competence is insufficient and teachers should integrate current research findings into their transmission of knowledge to learners.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60435020, 60575042 and 60503072).
文摘This paper proposes a new way to improve the performance of dependency parser: subdividing verbs according to their grammatical functions and integrating the information of verb subclasses into lexicalized parsing model. Firstly,the scheme of verb subdivision is described. Secondly,a maximum entropy model is presented to distinguish verb subclasses. Finally,a statistical parser is developed to evaluate the verb subdivision. Experimental results indicate that the use of verb subclasses has a good influence on parsing performance.
文摘In Georgian the verbal form comprises the names expressing the subjective-objective references of certain quantity,which shows the representing signs to express the category of the subjective and objective person.However,sometimes the subjective person is expressed by the sign of the objective person or vice versa,which is called inversion in Georgian language.There are many options about the reason of inversion.Bipersonal static verbs are considered as the oldest verbs as believed by many scientists.These are the verbs of feeling and owning;they are inverse,bipersonal and hold the dative construction.We think that inversion cannot be only explained with the static character.There are the verbs,which are not static but are inverse.We believe that it must be one and the same aspect in every case:perfect semantics.In Indo-European languages,the verbs of the perfect semantics have been converted from the class of the lexical words into the grammar perfect.When the Georgian language encountered the need to express the perfect forms respective to Indo-European languages,thus,the third series has been generated and it used the form as the model,belonging to the verbs of bipersonal non-transitional“perfect semantics”in present.This form has been supplemented by preverb and has become dynamic and gradually acquired various semantic nuances characterizing the perfect tense:resultativity,will,evidentiality,interrogative and negative,etc.In our opinion such verbs are not the continuation of the I and II series;they are the standalone link of the verb system,namely the perfect group characterized with the dative construction,which is inverse and always bipersonal.
文摘This research analyses compound verbs in Igbo,using construction morphology theory.It seeks to identify compound verbs,analyse them using schemata structures,ascertain the structures and behaviours of tones,and examine some inflected forms of compound verbs in Igbo language.The study adopts a descriptive method of data analysis to examine data collected through oral interviews,introspections(which are confirmed by two native speakers)and those obtained from journals and textbooks.The research discovers that some compound verbs do not obey the vowel harmony rule,and through the aid of the schema,it is observed that some transformational processes have occurred before a surface compound verb is formed.According to the findings,tones also play a distinctive role in Igbo compound verbs.The research recommends further research in this area,to account for other aspects of compound verbs in Igbo that the current study could not cover.
文摘The large number of expressions like "break out, come across", etc. forms an important characteristic in the modern English vocabulary. Such combinations of a common verb plus one or more than one particle are called "phrasal verbs". They are used casually and colloquially in everyday speech. Because of their simplicity and effectiveness, phrasal verbs are more and more used in modern English,especially in the last thirty years. So,a mastery of phrasal verbs will
文摘Phrasal verbs are a specific structural feature in English.The study on phrasal verbs has attracted many researchers because such a common structure always triggers a lot of problems.In China,college students always avoid to use phrasal verbs when they convey a parallel meaning.In recent years,phrasal verbs have attracted a lot of studies in linguistics and language teaching and learning. With different circumstances in which phrasal verbs are applied,categories with examples are separated(Biber et al.,2002;Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman,1999).Phrasal verbs are also studied in association with language teaching and learning(Darwin and Gray,1999;Peter,1998). Moreover phrasal verbs are also studied semantically(Quirk,1985;Palmer,1987) and coguitively (Morgan,1997;Gries,1997;Hampe,2000).This paper is going to introduce four correlational studies on the use of phrasal verbs which has remained unpopular.
文摘In English,especially in oral English,there are a large number of verb+particle combinations for us to account for.Among these combinations,many are idiomatic ones,of which the meanings cannot be easily figured out by simply adding the literal meaning of the verb to that of the particle.Therefore,even quite advanced EFL(English as a Foreign Language)learners get confused from time to time when trying to catch what such combinations are intended to mean.Studied from either the semantic or the syntactic point of view,such combinations show certain linguistic features which are quite different from the assumptions of the EFL learners and therefore worth our efforts to analyze.This paper is supposed to offer a tentative analysis of such combinations,in hope of enhancing EFL learners’mastery of them,practically as well as theoretically.
文摘Although Chinese Ditransitive Construction(CDC) and English Ditransitive Construction(EDC) respectively belong to two completely different languages, there do exist many similarities between them. One of the similarities is the diversified classifications of the verbs that enter into them because different scholars, though under different theoretical frameworks, classified the DC verbs on the basis of the lexical meanings of the verbs, which is a boundless category. It is not difficult to find that all the constituents of DC and the construction as a whole interact with each other after the comparison of the similarities between CDC and EDC; the lexical meanings of the verbs that enter into DC do not exist in isolation but interact with the construction sense. Therefore, it may be the best choice to reclassify the DC verbs on the basis of the interaction between the lexical meaning of the verbs and the construction sense.
文摘In this paper I will,firstly demonstrate the stages of first language acquisition and place the phase of verb acquisition,then I will explain the most common mistake children make with irregular past tenses,and lastly,I will give an explanation to this phenomenon,and show the consequence it could possibly have.
文摘Reporting verbs are not only an important means of presenting characters’speeches,but also an important means of characterization in narratives.The original and the two English versions of Eileen Chang’s novella“Steamed Osmanthus”are used as a corpus to conduct a comparative analysis focusing on the reporting verbs of the heroine Ah-Xiao.The analysis shows that the two translators-Eileen Chang herself and Simon Patton-have different styles.Patton favors the use of structuring verbs(especially“replied”)and neutral verbs in serial verb constructions while Chang tends to use neutral verbs glossed by an adverb,an adjective or a prepositional phrase.Descriptive verbs,especially prosodic verbs,also predominate in Chang’s version.As a result,both versions may have shaped a different Ah Xiao.
文摘An ergative verb is a verb which can be used both as a two-place predicate or a three-place predicate,and that makes it difficult to analyze them within the binary-branching framework because of the existence of two complements,or three arguments.Radford( 1988) suggests that VPs have a complex internal structure with a VP core and a VP shell.This study explores the inner structure of the ergative verbs within the frame of VP shells,and finds that its VP core merges with a light verb.
