Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore the mechanism of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of membranous nephropathy

Objective:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to explore the mechanism of Professor Cao Enze's application of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of membranous nephropathy.Methods:TCMSP database was used to obtain the effective components and corresponding target information of Panax notoginseng,and Gene Cards database was used to obtain the disease target genes of membranous nephropathy.The intersection targets of the two were taken and the Venn diagram was drawn.The STRING database was used to obtain the protein interaction relationship,and the PPI network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape 3.9.1 software to screen out the core targets of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of membranous nephropathy.GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the David database to obtain the potential pathway of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of membranous nephropathy.Finally,Autodock software was used to verify the molecular docking of the main active components of the drug with the core targets.Results:A total of 7 effective components such as quercetin,ginsenoside rh2,Mandenol and Stigmasterol were retrieved,and 127 potential targets of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of membranous nephropathy were screened out.By PPI network topology analysis,23 core targets such as JUN,TP53,RELA,AKT1 and MAPK1 were screened out.GO functional enrichment analysis contained 703 biological processes,55 cell components and 121 molecular functions,and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis enriched 171 signal pathways.The results of molecular docking showed that there was a strong binding ability between the main core targets and the main components of Panax notoginseng.Conclusion:Through network pharmacology,it is concluded that Panax notoginseng treats membranous nephropathy through multiple targets and multiple pathways,which provides a theoretical basis for subsequent basic research.

Mechanism of panax notoginseng in treating vitreous hemorrhage based on network pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the possible molecular mechanism of panax notoginseng in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage(VH).Methods:The active components of Panax notoginseng were screened by TCMSP database and the corresponding targets were collected.Vh-related gene targets were derived from GeneCards and OMIM database,and the target of Panax notoginseng was mapped to disease target genes.STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software were used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagram and the interaction network of"Pantoginseng-active ingredient-VH-target protein",and the core action target genes were screened out.Finally,gene body(GO)biological process and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of KEGG were performed on the potential therapeutic targets.Results:We identified 8 active components,162 active component targets,1387 VHrelated genes and 75 candidate targets for VH.In the"Panax notoginseng-active ingredient-VH-target protein"interaction network,there are 82 nodes in total.The core target genes include AKT1,CASP3,VEGF-A,IL-6 and MMP-9.143 major enrichment pathways were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.The key signal pathways include age-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,etc.,and the significant molecular functions include cytokine activity,receptor ligand activity,cytokine receptor binding,etc.Conclusion:The potential molecular mechanism of panax notoquinone in the treatment of VH is closely related to the biological processes of anti-angiogenesis,anti-inflammation,regulation of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and AKT1,CASP3,VEGF-A,IL-6 and MMP-9 may be the core target genes.

A new triterpenoid saponin from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L.

One new triterpcnoid saponin, quinquenoside L17 （1）, was isolated from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L., and its structure was elucidated as 20-O-[（β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1-6）-O-β-D-glucopyranosy）]-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosy1-dammar-24-ene- 3,6,12,20-tetraol, by the combination analysis of one-dimensional NMR and two-dimensional NMR, mass spectrometry, CD spectrum and chemical evidences.

Two new acetylated ginsenosides from the roots of Panax quinquefolium

Two new acetylated ginsenosides, 20（S）-protopanaxatriol-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1 → 2）-β-D-6＇-O-acetylglucopyranoside （1） and 20（R）-protopanaxatrol-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1 → 2）-β-o-6＇-O-acetylglucopyranoside （2）, were isolated from the roots of Panax quinquefolium. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical means.

Pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of Panax ginseng and its chemical components:a review

OBJECTIVE Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer(ginseng)is a well-known medicinal plant worldwide and a key ingredient in many commercially-available health products.It is used as a tonic for invigoration and for tification in times of fatigue and debility or declining capacity for work and concentration.Previous in-house study has surveyed over three hundred ginseng and ginseng products(including P.ginseng,P.quinquefolius,P.notoginseng,P.pseudoginseng)available in Singapore.This review presents an overview of the pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of P.ginseng and its ginsenosides.METHODS Literature searches of PubMed and ScienceDirect were done to identify pharmacological activities and herb-drug interactions of P.ginseng,its extracts and its chemical components,including ginsenosides.Studies of whole plant extracts include both White ginseng and Red ginseng.The studies for the pharmacological activities of whole plant extract were limited to those published from 2009 to 2015.There was no restriction on the time frame of other studies.Terms such as″P.ginseng″,″Ginsenosides″were searched.Studies found included in vitro assays,in vivo animal studies,human clinical trials as well as individual case reports.RESULTS A total of 112 studies were found on whole plant extracts and 257 studies on its individual components.Whole plant extracts of ginseng were found to possess over fifty different pharmacological activities,while its individual components exhibit parts of this spectrum.P.ginseng was found to interact with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,irinotecan,mitomycin C,docetaxel,cisplatin,alcohol,midazolam,warfarin,phenelzine,raltegravir and imatinib.CONCLUSION P.ginseng and its components exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities and interact with some drugs.There remain much opportunities for future research.

Influence of Panax quinquefolium saponins on increased intracellular Ca^(2+) in PC12 cells

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have demonstrated that intracellular Ca^2＋ （[Ca^2＋]） overload, excitotoxicity, free radical injury, and nitric oxide toxicity are involved in mechanisms of neuronal death in the ischemic brain. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influence of Panax quinquefo/ium saponins （PQS） on multiple factors-induced Ca^2＋ overload in the rat pheochromocytoma （PC12） cell line. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Intergroup comparison, in vitro study. The experiment was performed at the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University between November 2007 and April 2008. MATERIALS- In vitro cultured PC12 cells in the logarithmic phase were assigned into blank control, model, and drug treatment groups （10 μmol/L nimodipine; 40 μg/L, 100 μg/L, and 250 μg/L PQS）. Nimodipine was purchased from Jiangsu Yangtze River Pharmacy Group Co., China; PQS （purity 〉 95%, HLPC grade） was provided by School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University. Caffeine, Na2S2O4, L-glutamic acid （Glu）, Fura-2/AM, and calcium ionophore A23187 were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： PC12 cells in the model and drug treatment groups were separately incubated in glucose-free Hank＇s buffered saline solution ＋ Na2S2O4 （2 mmol/L） for 6 hours, Glu （200 μmot/L） plus A23187 （0.05 μmol/L） for 6 hours, KCI （50 mmol/L） for 1 hour, and caffeine （5 mmol/L） for 3 hours to establish models of intracellular Ca^2＋ overload induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K＋, or caffeine. In addition, control cells were incubated in high-glucose DMEM culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： [Ca^2＋]i changes in PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K^＋, or caffeine were detected using spectrofluorometer. RESULTS： PQS blocked the [Ca^2＋]i increase induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K＋, or caffeine. In particular, high-dose PQS was most effective （P 〈 0.01）. PQS significantly inhibited Glu- or caffeine-induced [Ca^2＋]i increases in the absence of extracellular Ca^2＋, but nimodipine did not. CONCLUSION： PQS blocked intracellular Ca^2＋ overload induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K^＋, or caffeine. This mechanism might be involved in the attenuation of neuronal apoptosis following ischemic brain injury.

A new ceramide from transgenic crown galls of Panax quinquefolium

A new ceramide （1） was isolated from transgenic crown galls of Panax quinquefolium. The structure was elucidated as （2S, 3S, 4R, 20E）-2-[（2＇R）-2＇-hydroxylpalmitoylamino]-20-hexacosene- 1, 3, 4-triol on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Isolation and Characterization of a Bioactive Polysaccharide from Panax Quinquefolium L.

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Research Progress on Antitumor Effect and Mechanism of Panax quinquefolium Linn.

Panax quinquefolium Linn.,belonging to Panax,Araliaceae,contains a variety of active ingredients.In recent years,many studies have shown that P.quinquefolium Linn.has high value and development prospect in inhibiting colon cancer,lung cancer and breast cancer.Recent advances in studies on chemical components,antitumor effects and mechanisms of P.quinquefolium Linn.are reviewed in the paper.

Network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting therapy targets of Sanqi and Huangjing in diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND A comprehensive literature search shows that Sanqi and Huangjing(SQHJ)can improve diabetes treatment in vivo and in vitro,respectively.However,the combined effects of SQHJ on diabetes mellitus(DM)are still unclear.AIM To explore the potential mechanism of Panax notoginseng(Sanqi in Chinese)and Polygonati Rhizoma(Huangjing in Chinese)for the treatment of DM using network pharmacology.METHODS The active components of SQHJ and targets were predicted and screened by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness filtration using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform database.The potential targets for the treatment of DM were identified according to the DisGeNET database.A comparative analysis was performed to investigate the overlapping genes between active component targets and DM treatmentrelated targets.We constructed networks of the active component-target and target pathways of SQHJ using Cytoscape software and then analyzed the gene functions.Using the STRING database to perform an interaction analysis among overlapping genes and a topological analysis,the interactions between potential targets were identified.Gene Ontology(GO)function analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted in DAVID.RESULTS We screened 18 active components from 157 SQHJ components,187 potential targets for active components and 115 overlapping genes for active components and DM.The network pharmacology analysis revealed that quercetin,beta-sitosterol,baicalein,etc.were the major active components.The mechanism underlying the SQHJ intervention effects in DM may involve nine core targets(TP53,AKT1,CASP3,TNF,interleukin-6,PTGS2,MMP9,JUN,and MAPK1).The screening and enrichment analysis revealed that the treatment of DM using SQHJ primarily involved 16 GO enriched terms and 13 related pathways.CONCLUSION SQHJ treatment for DM targets TP53,AKT1,CASP3,and TNF and participates in pathways in leishmaniasis and cancer.

三七治疗骨关节炎机制:基于UHPLC-QE-MS、网络药理学及分子动力学模拟

背景:课题组前期研究发现三七能够修复骨细胞的形态结构,对于治疗骨关节炎具有良好的应用前景,但目前对于三七的具体作用机制尚不清楚。目的:采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q exactive-mass spectrometry,UHPLC-QE-MS)技术鉴定三七的主要成分,并结合网络药理学、分子对接和分子动力学模拟探究三七治疗骨关节炎的作用机制。方法:利用UHPLC-QE-MS技术鉴定三七的主要成分后,运用TCMSP数据库筛选活性成分,通过TCMSP和Uniprot数据库查找活性成分靶点,通过疾病数据库筛选骨关节炎靶点。在药物靶点与疾病靶点取交集后,导入STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白互作网络筛选关键靶点,通过“活性成分-作用靶点”网络筛选关键活性成分。再对关键靶点进行富集分析,并对关键活性成分和关键靶点进行分子对接验证,最后选取结合能最低的结果进行分子动力学模拟。结果与结论:①在三七溶液中共鉴定出57种活性成分,成分靶点与疾病靶点交集50个,关键活性成分5个(槲皮素、熊脱氧胆酸、山奈酚、柚皮素和红藻氨酸),关键靶点5个(白细胞介素6、基质金属蛋白酶9、白细胞介素1β、白蛋白和趋化因子配体2);②基因本体功能富集642个条目,其中620个条目代表生物过程,21个条目代表分子功能,1个条目代表细胞成分;京都基因与基因组百科全书通路分析63条通路,主要涉及雌激素信号通路、白细胞介素17信号通路和高糖基化终末产物-高糖基化终末产物受体信号通路;③分子对接显示关键活性成分和关键靶点结合活性良好,分子动力学模拟提示槲皮素和基质金属蛋白酶9间的相互作用稳定;④对三七成分进行了较全面研究,初步阐明了其药效物质基础,预测三七可通过多组分、多靶点、多途径和多通路发挥抗炎、软骨保护和免疫调节作用来治疗骨关节炎。

基于转录组学测序探讨西洋参、丹参配伍对心肌梗死后大鼠心肌缺血的影响

目的:运用转录组学测序探讨西洋参、丹参治疗心肌梗死后心肌缺血的作用靶点。方法:通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支构建心肌梗死大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组(MOD组,等量蒸馏水)、西洋参+丹参低剂量组[XD-L组,西洋参1.5 g/(kg·d)+丹参4.5 g/(kg·d)]、西洋参+丹参高剂量组[XD-H组,西洋参3 g/(kg·d)+丹参9 g/(kg·d)]、ACEI组[培哚普利0.84 mg/(kg·d)];并以假手术大鼠作为对照组(CON组,等量蒸馏水),每组6只,连续灌胃4周。采用超声心动图测定大鼠心功能;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠心肌组织病理改变。采用转录组学测序筛选西洋参、丹参治疗心肌梗死后缺血区的差异表达基因(DEGs),并对DEGs进行基因本体(GO)、京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。结果:西洋参、丹参可改善心肌梗死后大鼠心功能,减轻心肌组织病理损伤。转录组学测序结果表明,与CON组比较,MOD组大鼠12个基因上调,13个基因下调。西洋参、丹参回调了MOD组的6个基因。DEGs主要富集在三羧酸(TCA)循环、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)等信号通路;与免疫炎症反应、细胞凋亡、血管新生等有关。结论:西洋参、丹参可能通过上调Wnt4表达,抑制细胞凋亡和炎症反应,从而改善心肌梗死后大鼠心功能。

西洋参加工副产物对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和肉品质的影响

为研究西洋参加工副产物对黄羽肉鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力及肉品质的影响。本试验选择7日龄黄羽肉鸡160只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别添加1%、3%、5%西洋参加工副产物,Ⅳ组为基础饲粮对照组,试验期100d。结果表明,西洋参加工副产物可显著降低肉鸡血糖含量(P <0.05),并显著降低血清中低密度脂蛋白含量(P <0.05);试验组总抗氧化力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶极显著高于对照组(P <0.01);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组的胸肌、腿肌pH值、亮度、红度和黄度极显著优于对照组(P<0.01);试验组胸肌滴水损失和剪切力显著优于对照组(P <0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加1%~3%的西洋参加工副产物,能够较好的调节胸肌、腿肌外观色泽,更符合市场消费的需求。

西洋参根腐病拮抗菌XT-25的生防作用研究

为探讨西洋参根腐病的生物防治技术,本研究以西洋参根腐病病原茄病镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)和土赤壳属的Ilyonectria mors-panacis为靶标,从西洋参根际土中筛选具有拮抗作用的生防菌,通过对峙培养、菌丝抑制活性、抑菌促生物质测定和离体接种防效等试验,初步探讨拮抗菌株对西洋参根腐病的抑菌机制和防治效果。结果表明,分离到1株对2种西洋参致病菌的抑菌率皆在55%以上的菌株XT-25;结合形态学特征及16S rRNA、atpD和rpoB基因序列系统发育分析结果,将菌株XT-25鉴定为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomyces lavendulae);菌株XT-25对黄瓜枯萎病菌等6种病原菌的抑菌率为59%~70%。菌株XT-25不仅具有分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶以及β-1,3葡聚糖酶等抑菌物质的能力,还具有溶解有机磷、无机磷、产氨、固氮、以及分泌IAA和ACC脱氨酶等促生物质能力。菌株XT-25挥发性气体对F.solani的抑菌率为9.04%;其可造成F.solani、I.mors-panacis菌丝的畸形。离体接种西洋参的防效试验结果表明,菌株XT-25对致病菌F.solani和I.mors-panacis引致的西洋参根腐病的防治效果分别为40.00%和24.74%。本研究结果为防治由镰孢菌和土赤壳菌引起的西洋参根腐病提供了生防材料和理论参考。

UPLC法测定西洋参不同部位中皂苷类成分及质量评价研究

本文旨在建立超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(UPLC-PDA)法同时测定山东西洋参中16种皂苷类成分的方法,并对山东省威海市5个地区11批西洋参芦头、主根、侧根和须根不同部位的皂苷含量进行测定,以期为山东西洋参质量控制与评价提供科学依据。采用Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为2μL,PDA检测器,检测波长为203 nm。16种皂苷在0.05~1.00 mg/mL范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999 1,加标回收率为92.45%~103.24%,RSD为0.31%~4.60%,灵敏度、准确度及精密度均符合要求。山东省威海地区西洋参芦头、主根、侧根和须根部位皂苷含量分别为(42.69±7.01) mg/g、(32.63±4.71) mg/g、(30.80±5.15) mg/g和(37.55±5.23) mg/g。通过主成分分析及正交偏最小二乘法分析,初步筛选出人参皂苷Re、Rc、Rb_(1)、Rb_(3)和Rb_(2)作为西洋参不同部位鉴别的潜在质量标志物。本研究建立的方法可用于西洋参皂苷含量测定及不同部位的区分,对西洋参质量进行初步评价。

基于网络药理学探究三七叶对糖尿病大鼠的治疗机制

目的 利用网络药理学和动物实验,研究三七叶抗糖尿病的主要活性成分和潜在作用机制。方法 基于Pubchem、PharmMapper、OMIM等数据库筛选三七叶与糖尿病共同的潜在靶点之后,再利用STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件构建蛋白相互作用网络图,对其进行拓扑学分析和聚类分析获得核心靶点,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析筛选药物作用于疾病的可能机制。随后进行动物实验验证三七叶的抗糖尿病作用。结果 预测结果共获得三七叶与糖尿病的共同靶点50个,核心靶点有3个:ANXA5、CFB、GSTP1,共涉及生物过程986种,细胞组成15种,分子功能74种,信号通路101条。动物实验表明三七叶可降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,减少与糖尿病肾病相关的p38 MAPK和TGF-β1 mRNA的表达,同时也可以调节氧化应激和血脂水平,减少动脉粥样硬化。结论 三七叶是通过多途径多靶点共同发挥抗糖尿病的作用,其作用机制可能与减少氧化应激、调节细胞因子、减少动脉粥样硬化和抗糖尿病肾病肾纤维化等有关。

西洋参茎叶皂苷对力竭运动大鼠心肌损伤的改善作用

为了研究西洋参茎叶皂苷减轻力竭运动大鼠心肌损伤的作用及机制,为西洋参茎叶皂苷的综合利用提供参考,本试验分为正常对照组、力竭运动组及西洋参茎叶皂苷低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg),除正常对照组外均需进行力竭游泳训练,4周后检测相关指标变化。结果表明,(1)与力竭运动组相比,西洋参茎叶皂苷中、高剂量组大鼠LVIDs、LVIDd极显著减少(P<0.01),低、中、高剂量组LVEF、LVFS极显著增加(P<0.01),心肌组织cTnⅠ含量及血清CTNK、LDH、ALT、α-HBDH活性均极显著降低(P<0.01);中、高剂量组LVIDs、LVIDd同低剂量组比极显著减少(P<0.01),高剂量组LVEF极显著高于低、中剂量组(P<0.01),中、高剂量组LVFS极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01),而CTNK、α-HBDH活性极显著低于低剂量组(P<0.01),高剂量组LDH活性极显著低于低、中剂量组(P<0.01),低、中、高剂量组ALT活性比较差异均有极显著性(P<0.01)。(2)与力竭运动组相比,西洋参茎叶皂苷低、中、高剂量组大鼠心肌组织及血清MDA含量极显著降低(P<0.01),除低剂量组大鼠血清GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)外,其余各组大鼠心肌组织及血清SOD、CAT及GSH-Px活性均极显著增加(P<0.01);高剂量组心肌组织及血清MDA含量极显著低于低、中剂量组(P<0.01),SOD、CAT活性则极显著高于低、中剂量组(P<0.01),中、高剂量组GSH-Px活性极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01)。(3)与力竭运动组相比,西洋参茎叶皂苷低剂量组大鼠心肌组织细胞凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05),中、高剂量组细胞凋亡率及各剂量组Bax、cleaved caspase-3表达极显著降低(P<0.01),而Bcl-2表达极显著增加(P<0.01);中、高剂量组细胞凋亡率、Bax及cleaved caspase-3表达均极显著少于低剂量组(P<0.01),而Bcl-2表达极显著高于低剂量组(P<0.01)。本研究显示,西洋参茎叶皂苷具有减轻力竭运动大鼠心肌损伤及改善心功能作用,且该作用与抑制氧化应激及抗心肌细胞凋亡有关。

UPLC-MS/MS检测补肾益脑胶囊中人参掺伪情况

目的:建立一种可测定补肾益脑胶囊制剂中非法添加西洋参的超高效液相色谱-质谱法,考察企业是否存在使用西洋参或其边角料替代人参投料的现象,为中药监管提供技术支持。方法:Phenomenex C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),以10 mmoL·L^(-1)的乙酸铵(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相梯度洗脱;流速为0.3 mL·min^(-1);柱温为40℃。采用电喷雾负离子模式进行多反应监测。结果:60批补肾益脑胶囊中有29批检出西洋参的专属成分拟人参皂苷F_(11),检出率为48.3%。结论:补肾益脑胶囊中存在人参掺伪的现象,该方法准确可靠,可作为补肾益脑胶囊中人参掺混西洋参的补充检验方法。

基于离子液体原位泡腾萃取法在丹参及西洋参克百威残留分析中的应用

本研究建立了一种新颖的基于酸性离子液体的原位泡腾萃取技术的前处理方法。酸性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐呈酸性,能与碳酸氢盐反应产生二氧化碳,起到泡腾萃取的效果,它还能与六氟磷酸铵发生离子交换作用而置换成疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐,使其与水相分离,通过离心获取萃取相,最后通过高效液相色谱仪测定萃取相中农药的含量。考察了酸性离子液体、碳酸氢钠和氯化钠用量对萃取效率的影响,最终所得最佳条件为200 mg酸性离子液体、0.4 g碳酸氢钠和1.0 g氯化钠。在最优条件下,克百威的线性范围为0.3~4.0μg/mL,日内和日间的相对偏差(RSD)为4.6%和10.2%,丹参和西洋参在4.0μg/mL加标水平下,加标回收率为94.7%(西洋参)和74.6%(丹参),将此方法可用于不同基质中药材和饮片中农药残留的处理。

三七多糖的研究进展

三七是我国传统的名贵中草药,药食两用,补血第一。三七多糖具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎症、保护肝脏、活血化淤、消肿镇痛、降糖降脂和免疫调节等活性作用。对三七多糖的提取工艺、测量方法、分子结构、药理活性进行了综述,为进一步研究三七及提高综合利用率提供了理论依据。