Diabetes mellitus in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis at diagnosis and after corticosteroid therapy

Background:A high prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)coexisting with autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is observed.However,evidence on the circumstances under which corticosteroid therapy(CST)for AIP improves or worsens DM is scarce.This study aimed to demonstrate and identify predictors of DM control under the influence of CST.Methods:Patients diagnosed with type 1 AIP were enrolled from a prospectively maintained cohort and were classified into three groups according to the chronology in which AIP and DM were diagnosed:pre-existing DM(pDM),concurrent DM(cDM),and non-DM(nDM).The responses of DM to CST were assessed when corticosteroid was ceased or tapered to a maintenance dose and classified as‘improvement’and‘non-improvement’(including‘no change’and‘exacerbation’).Results:Among 101 patients with type 1 AIP,52(51.5%)patients were complicated with DM at the time of AIP diagnosis,with 36 patients in the cDM group and 16 patients in the pDM group.The incidences of diffuse pancreatic swelling(72.2%)and pancreatic body/tail involvement(91.7%)were significantly higher in the cDM group than in both the pDM and nDM groups.Of the 52 patients with DM,CST was administered in 48 cases.Multivariate logistic analysis identified that elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)level at AIP diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)=0.032,95%confidence interval(CI):0.003-0.412,P=0.008]and pancreatic atrophy after CST(OR=0.027,95%CI:0.003-0.295,P=0.003)were negatively associated with DM control improvement.Conclusions:Patients with diffuse pancreatic swelling and pancreatic body/tail involvement in pancreatitis tended to be complicated with cDM at AIP diagnosis.CST exerted a beneficial effect on the clinical course of DM in nearly half of the AIP patients complicated with DM at diagnosis,particularly in those without elevated serum GGT levels at diagnosis and who did not experience pancreatic atrophy after CST.

Computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage-combined with somatostatin for severe acute pancreatitis: An analysis of efficacy and safety

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),a condition with rapid onset,critical condition and unsatisfactory prognosis,poses a certain threat to human health,warranting optimization of relevant treatment plans to improve treatment efficacy.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of computerized tomography-guided the-rapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage(CT-TPPCD)combined with somatostatin(SS)in the treatment of SAP.METHODS Forty-two SAP patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from June 2020 to June 2023 were selected.On the basis of routine treatment,20 patients received SS therapy(control group)and 22 patients were given CT-TPPCD plus SS intervention(research group).The efficacy,safety(pancreatic fistula,intra-abdominal hemorrhage,sepsis,and organ dysfunction syndrome),abdominal bloating and pain relief time,bowel recovery time,hospital stay,inflammatory indicators(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,and pro-calcitonin),and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score of both groups were evaluated for comparison.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the research group had a markedly higher total effective rate,faster abdominal bloating and pain relief and bowel recovery,INTRODUCTION Pancreatitis,an inflammatory disease occurring in the pancreatic tissue,is classified as either acute or chronic and is associated with high morbidity and mortality,imposing a socioeconomic burden[1,2].The pathogenesis of this disease involves early protease activation,activation of nuclear factor kappa-B-related inflammatory reactions,and infiltration of immune cells[3].Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a serious condition involving systemic injury and subsequent possible organ failure,accounting for 20%of all acute pancreatitis cases[4].SAP is also characterized by rapid onset,critical illness and unsatisfactory prognosis and is correlated with serious adverse events such as systemic inflammatory response syn-drome and acute lung injury,threatening the health of patients[5,6].Therefore,timely and effective therapeutic inter-ventions are of great significance for improving patient prognosis and ensuring therapeutic effects.Somatostatin(SS),a peptide hormone that can be secreted by endocrine cells and the central nervous system,is in-volved in the regulatory mechanism of glucagon and insulin synthesis in the pancreas[7].It has complex and pleiotropic effects on the gastrointestinal tract,which can inhibit the release of gastrointestinal hormones and negatively modulate the exocrine function of the stomach,pancreas and bile,while exerting a certain influence on the absorption of the di-gestive system[8,9].SS has shown certain clinical effectiveness when applied to SAP patients and can regulate the severity of SAP and immune inflammatory responses,and this regulation is related to its influence on leukocyte apoptosis and adhesion[10,11].Computerized tomography-guided therapeutic percutaneous puncture catheter drainage(CT-TPPCD)is a surgical procedure to collect lesion fluid and pus samples from necrotic lesions and perform puncture and drainage by means of CT image examination and precise positioning[12].In the research of Liu et al[13],CT-TPPCD applied to pa-tients undergoing pancreatic surgery contributes to not only good curative effects but also a low surgical risk.Baudin et al[14]also reported that CT-TPPCD has a clinical success rate of 64.6%in patients with acute infectious necrotizing pan-creatitis,with nonfatal surgery-related complications found in only two cases,suggesting that this procedure is clinically effective and safe in the treatment of the disease.In light of the limited studies on the efficacy and safety of SS plus CT-TPPCD in SAP treatment,this study performed a relevant analysis to improve clinical outcomes in SAP patients.

Glucocorticoid therapy in pancreatic portal hypertension associated with autoimmune pancreatitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is a chronic form of pancreatitis characterized by diffused enlargement of the pancreas and irregular stenosis of the main pancreatic duct.Some studies have reported that AIP can cause hemorrhage of gastric varices(GV)related to portal hypertension(PH).However,such cases are rare.In addition,the association of PH with AIP is unclear.At the same time,the efficacy and duration of glucocorticoid therapy is also controversial.CASE SUMMARY In this case,we reported a case of GV in pancreatic PH associated with AIP.Enhanced abdominal computed tomography(CT)suggested splenic vein(SV)and superior mesenteric vein(SMV)thromboses.The patient received a long-term glucocorticoid therapy,that the initial dose of 40 mg is reduced weekly by 5 mg,and then reduced to 5 mg for long-term maintenance.CT and gastroscopic examination after 8 mo of treatment indicated that SV and SMV were recanalized,pancreatic stiffness and swelling were ameliorated,and the GV almost completely disappeared.CONCLUSION Long-term glucocorticoid therapy can alleviate the development of GV in patients with AIP and has potential reversibility.

Can serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and age serve as reliable predictors of relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis?

We are writing in response to the paper published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Zhou et al.The authors identified higher serum immunoglobulin(Ig)G4 levels and age over 55 years as independent risk factors for disease relapse.Despite notable strengths,it is crucial to address potential biases.Firstly,the cohort study included 189 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)type 1(with higher IgG4 seropositivity and higher relapse)and 24 with type 2(with lower IgG4 seropositivity and lower relapse).Consequently,most,if not all,AIP type 2 patients were assigned to the normal group,possibly inflating the association of higher serum IgG4 levels with relapse and potentially exaggerating the association of older age with relapse.Secondly,the authors did not provide sufficient details regarding AIP diagnosis,such as the ratio of definitive vs probable cases and the proportion of biopsies.In cases where histological evidence is unavailable or indeterminate,AIP type 2 may be misdiagnosed as definitive type 1,and type 1 may also be misdiagnosed as probable type 2,particularly in cases with normal or mildly elevated serum IgG4 levels.Lastly,in this retrospective study,approximately one-third of the consecutive patients initially collected were excluded for various reasons.Accordingly,the impact of nonrandom exclusion on relapse outcomes should be carefully considered.In conclusion,the paper by Zhou et al offers plausible,though not entirely compelling,evidence suggesting a predictive role of elevated serum IgG4 levels and advanced age in AIP relapse.The foundation for future investigations lies in ensuring a reliable diagnosis and accurate disease subtyping,heavily dependent on obtaining histological specimens.In this regard,endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy emerges as a pivotal component of the diagnostic process,contributing to mitigating biases in future explorations of the disease.

Chronic pancreatitis:Pain and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory disease characterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic tissue.With the development of the disease,it may lead to exocrine and/or endocrine insufficiency.CP is one of the common diseases that cause abdominal pain,which will not get permanent spontaneous relief as the disease evolves.The American College of Gastroenterology clinical guidelines recommend computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging as the first-line examination for the diagnosis of CP.CP common imaging findings include pancreatic atrophy,irregular dilatation of the pancreatic duct,calcification of pancreatic parenchyma,pancreatic duct stones,etc.In clinical practice,whether any correlations between CP-induced abdominal pain patterns(no pain/constant/intermittent pain)and corresponding imaging findings present are not well known.Therefore,this review aims to comprehensively sort out and analyze the relevant information by collecting lots of literature on this field,so as to construct a cross-bridge between the clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of CP patients.Also,it provides an imaging basis and foundation for the classification and diagnosis of abdominal pain types in clinical CP patients.

Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis:Pathogenesis and new therapeutic interventions

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 20%of patients with systemic inflammatory responses that may cause pancreatic and peripancreatic fat necrosis.This condition often progresses to multiple organ failure,significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress,characterized by an imbalance between the body’s reactive oxygen species(ROS)and antioxidants,activates the inflammatory signaling pathways.Although the pathogenesis of AP is not fully understood,ROS are increasingly recognized as critical in the disease's progression and development.Modulating the oxidative stress pathway has shown efficacy in mitigating the progression of AP.Despite numerous basic studies examining this pathway,comprehensive reviews of recent research remain sparse.This systematic review offers an in-depth examination of the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AP and evaluates the therapeutic potential of antioxidant interventions in its management.

Anemarsaponin B mitigates acute pancreatitis damage in mice through apoptosis reduction and MAPK pathway modulation

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP),known for its rapid onset and significant incidence and mortality rates,presents a clinical challenge due to the limited availability of effective treatments and preventive measures.Anemarsaponin B(ASB)has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent,demonstrating capabilities in reducing immune inflammation,positioning it as a promising candidate for AP treatment.Methods:We investigated the effects of ASB on AP in mice,induced by caerulein and lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Peripheral blood samples were collected 24 h post-induction with caerulein to assess of key biomarkers including lipase,amylase,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,SOD,and GSH-Px.A range of techniques such as immunohistochemistry staining,immunofluorescence staining,Western blotting,and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction(q-PCR),were employed to measure the expression of critical genes.Additionally,pancreas samples from the mice were harvested for microbiome and metabolome sequencing,with the data analyzed to understand the impact of ASB on AP.Results:Our study revealed that,compared to the sham group,the AP group exhibited significantly higher serum levels of lipase,amylase,and cytokines,while levels of SOD and GSH Px were notably lower.Treatment with ASB led to a substantial decrease in the levels of lipase,amylase,and cytokines,and an increase in SOD and GSH-Px levels.q-PCR analysis of pancreatic histiocytes corroborated these serum findings.Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E)staining indicated significant alterations in the pathological changes in the pancreas,lungs,and small intestine of the AP model due to ASB.Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that ASB alleviated the apoptosis of pancreatic histiocytes in the AP model.Western Blot and histological analyses showed that ASB reduced the phosphorylation of TAK,p38,JNK,and ERK proteins,as well as the levels of TRAF6 protein in the AP model.Furthermore,metabolomic and gut microbiota analysis identified 27 differential metabolites and 34 differential species.The combined metabolome and microbiome analysis suggested an association between certain microbes(e.g.,unclassified-Saprospiraceae and unclassified-Micavibrionales)and metabolites(e.g.,LysoPE(0:0/20:0),PC(DiMe(13,5)/PGJ2)),and Heptanoic acid,indicating potential pathways through which ASB may exert its therapeutic effects in AP.Conclusions:ASB exhibits therapeutic efficacy in treating AP induced by caerulein combined with lipopolysaccharide(LPS),primarily through modulating the mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.This discovery offers fresh perspectives for AP drug development,underscoring the potential of targeting specific cellular pathways.Additionally,the intricate interplay observed between the gut microbiota and metabolites following ASB treatment highlights novel therapeutic targets,suggesting that manipulating the gut microbiome and metabolome could be a viable strategy in AP management.These findings pave the way for further research into comprehensive treatment approaches that incorporate both pharmacological intervention and microbiota modulation.

Should we perform decompressive laparotomy during severe acute pancreatitis with intra-abdominal hypertension below 25 mmHg:Only the gut knows

We suggest that during severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)with intra-abdominal hypertension,practitioners should consider decompressive laparotomy,even with intra-abdominal pressure(IAP)below 25 mmHg.Indeed,in this setting,non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia(NOMI)may occur even with IAP below this cutoff and lead to transmural necrosis if abdominal perfusion pressure is not promptly restored.We report our experience of 18 critically ill patients with SAP having undergone decompressive laparotomy of which one third had NOMI while IAP was mostly below 25 mmHg.

Can early precut reduce post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with difficult bile duct cannulation?

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is associated with a variety of adverse events(AEs).One of the most important AEs is post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP),which is most common in cases of difficult biliary cannulation.Although the precut technique has been reported as a PEP risk factor,recent studies indicate that early precut could reduce PEP,and that precut itself is not a risk factor.AIM To evaluate the safety of the precut technique,especially in terms of PEP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study,spanning the period from November 2011 through December 2021.It included 1556 patients,aged≥20 years,who underwent their initial ERCP attempt for biliary disease with a naïve papilla at the Kawasaki University General Medical Center.We compared the PEP risk between the early precut and the delayed precut group.RESULTS The PEP incidence rate did not significantly differ between the precut and nonprecut groups.However,the PEP incidence was significantly lower in the early precut group than the delayed precut group(3.5%vs 10.5%;P=0.02).The PEP incidence in the delayed precut group without pancreatic stent insertion(17.3%)was significantly higher compared to other cases(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that early precut may reduce PEP incidence.If the precut decision is delayed,a pancreatic stent should be inserted to prevent PEP.

Narrative nursing for negative emotions in patients with acute pancreatitis:Based on model construction and application

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP),as a common acute abdomen disease,has a high incidence rate worldwide and is often accompanied by severe complications.Negative emotions lead to increased secretion of stress hormones,elevated blood sugar levels,and enhanced insulin resistance,which in turn increases the risk of AP and significantly affects the patient's quality of life.Therefore,exploring the intervention effects of narrative nursing programs on the negative emotions of patients with AP is not only helpful in alleviating psychological stress and improving quality of life but also has significant implications for improving disease outcomes and prognosis.AIM To construct a narrative nursing model for negative emotions in patients with AP and verify its efficacy in application.METHODS Through Delphi expert consultation,a narrative nursing model for negative emotions in patients with AP was constructed.A non-randomized quasi-experimental study design was used in this study.A total of 92 patients with AP with negative emotions admitted to a tertiary hospital in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province,China from September 2022 to August 2023 were recruited by convenience sampling,among whom 46 patients admitted from September 2022 to February 2023 were included in the observation group,and 46 patients from March to August 2023 were selected as control group.The observation group received narrative nursing plan,while the control group was given with routine nursing.Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),positive and negative affect scale(PANAS),caring behavior scale,patient satisfaction scale and 36-item short form health survey questionnaire(SF-36)were used to evaluate their emotions,satisfaction and caring behaviors in the two groups on the day of discharge,1-and 3-month following discharge.RESULTS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 45 cases in the intervention group and 44 cases in the control group eventually recruited and completed in the study.On the day of discharge,the intervention group showed significantly lower scores of SAS,SDS and negative emotion(28.57±4.52 vs 17.4±4.44,P<0.001),whereas evidently higher outcomes in the positive emotion score,Caring behavior scale score and satisfaction score compared to the control group(P<0.05).Repeated measurement analysis of variance showed that significant between-group differences were found in time effect,inter-group effect and interaction effect of SAS and PANAS scores as well as in time effect and inter-group effect of SF-36 scores(P<0.05);the SF-36 scores of two groups at 3 months after discharge were higher than those at 1 month after discharge(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of narrative nursing protocols has demonstrated significant effectiveness in alleviating anxiety,ameliorating negative emotions,and enhancing satisfaction among patients with AP.

Application of psychological intervention in intensive care unit nursing for patients with severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a familiar critical disease in the intensive care unit(ICU)patients.Nursing staff are important spiritual pillars during the treatment of patients,and in addition to routine nursing,more attention needs be paid to the patient’s psychological changes.AIM To investigate the effects of psychological intervention in ICU patients with SAP.METHODS One hundred ICU patients with SAP were hospitalized in the authors’hospital between 2020 and 2023 were selected,and divided into observation and control groups per the hospitalization order.The control and observation groups received routine nursing and psychological interventions,respectively.Two groups are being compared,using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Determination Scale(SDS),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱ,and 36-item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)scores;nursing satisfaction of patients;ICU care duration;length of stay;hospitalization expenses;and the incidence of complications.RESULTS After nursing,the SDS,SAS,and APACHEⅡ scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05).The SF-36 scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group was 94.5%,considerably higher than that of 75.6% in the control group(P<0.05).The ICU care duration,length of stay,and hospitalization expenses in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the incidence of complications was lower(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with SAP,the implementation of standardized psychological intervention measures can effectively alleviate adverse psychological conditions.

A Study on the Application of Evidence-Based Nursing in The Care of Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

Objective: To explore the application research of evidence-based nursing in the care of patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: This study focuses on evidence-based nursing care of severe acute pancreatitis. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis who received treatment in our hospital were selected, from which 80 cases were chosen for detailed analysis. The patients were randomly grouped into a control group (conventional nursing care) and a study group (evidence-based nursing care), with 40 patients each. Relevant research data were recorded during the nursing process, analyzed, and used as research indicators. Results: The hospitalization time and morbidity and mortality rate of the research group were shorter than those of the control group, and the recovery rate was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction with nursing care in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with severe acute pancreatitis, the use of evidence-based nursing methods effectively reduced the patient’s mortality rate, improved its curative effect, and also shortened the patient’s hospitalization time.

Clinical study on the treatment of acute pancreatitis with external application of Yi-Dan Therapy based on the method of“stagnation requiring dispersion”:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background:Acute pancreatitis is an unpredictable and potentially lethal disease,causing tremendous pain in patients.The initial treatment of acute pancreatitis in modern medicine is supportive,but it is generally ineffective in relieving abdominal pain and distension.Traditional Chinese medicine has been shown to be more effective in regulating the body’s homeostasis and reducing the clinical symptoms of pancreatitis.Yi-Dan ointment,derived from Dahuang-Mudan Decoction,is an effective external ointment for treating acute pancreatitis.The aim of this trial is to investigate the clinical efficacy of Yi-Dan ointment,providing a valuable complement to existing treatment options for pancreatitis.Methods:This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups.Patients in the control group were given basic treatment and nursing for 7 days;in the treatment group,Yi-Dan ointment was applied externally in addition to basic treatment and nursing.The main indicator is the overall efficacy,serum amylase,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡscore,symptom score,inflammatory markers,and classification of computed tomography.Conclusion:The trial results will provide high-quality evidence for Yi-Dan ointment,and provide a complement to existing treatment options for pancreatitis.

活性碳负载纳米金属氧化物对AP热分解的催化性能

采用水热法制备了两种纳米金属氧化物(纳米CuO和纳米Fe_(2)O_(3)颗粒),将纳米CuO和纳米Fe_(2)O_(3)负载在活性碳上,制备成CuO@C、Fe_(2)O_(3)@C复合材料,并将其作为催化剂与高氯酸铵(AP)混合制备成混合物样品AP/CuO、AP/CuO@C、AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)、AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重-微分热重分析(TG-DTG)和热重-红外光谱(TG-FTIR)联用等技术研究了4种催化剂对AP热分解的催化机理及分解动力学特性。结果表明,4种催化剂均将AP的两步分解反应催化为单放热峰,在5 K/min升温速率下,AP的分解峰温较纯AP分别提前90.1、73.4、65.4和69℃;AP/CuO@C分解主要气相产物有HCl、CO_(2)、N_(2)O、HNO_(3)和NO_(2),其中NO_(2)含量最高;AP/Fe_(2)O_(3)@C分解主要气相产物中CO_(2)含量显著提升,NO_(2)含量稍有降低。

面向一致覆盖的无蜂窝和传统蜂窝共存网络AP部署优化

为了解决传统蜂窝网络中用户体验剧烈波动的问题,无蜂窝和传统蜂窝共存网络将大量接入点(Access Point,AP)部署到传统蜂窝网络中,显著改善边缘用户和盲区的覆盖信号质量。因此用户在覆盖区域的任何位置均获得良好、一致的用户体验,即一致覆盖是提升共存网络性能的首要目标。而AP部署方案是共存网络中用户传输速率和覆盖的决定性因素,该文提出了面向一致覆盖的AP部署优化方法。首先根据共存网络的联合传输模型推导得到用户的下行可达速率,然后以最大化平均吞吐量为目标,将AP部署建模为比率和规划问题,并基于分式规划和引入辅助变量将其转换为凸优化问题,进而通过迭代求解AP的最优位置。仿真结果表明,相比传统蜂窝网络,所提方案可显著提高边缘和盲区的平均吞吐量。

金钗石斛AP2/ERF基因家族的鉴定和表达分析

对金钗石斛AP2/ERF转录因子基因家族在全基因组上进行鉴定及生物信息学分析,为进一步阐明金钗石斛AP2/ERF转录因子的功能研究奠定理论基础。利用BLASTP比对金钗石斛蛋白,并通过在线网站NCBI CDD、InterPro和SMART进一步鉴定,共获得97个金钗石斛AP2/ERF基因,然后通过ProtParam分析金钗石斛AP2/ERF家族蛋白的理化性质、亲疏水性,使用MEGA11.0软件构建进化树,利用Map Gene Chrome、GSDS、MEME、PlantCARE在线工具分析AP2/ERF转录因子的基因定位、基因结构和保守基序,并预测基因上游的顺式作用元件,利用TBTools分析并可视化AP2/ERF基因在各部位的表达情况。结果表明,金钗石斛AP2/ERF转录因子家族的成员,大部分定位在细胞核中,相对分子质量介于2726.88~71682.81 u之间,氨基酸数量介于94~659个之间,等电点介于4.45~10.44之间。进化树分析显示,AP2/ERF家族成员分为AP2、RAV、ERF及DREB 4个亚家族。97条基因不均匀地分布在19条染色体上,各个亚族都有独特基序,AP2/ERF基因启动子上游区域光响应作用元件种类最多,数量也最多。大多数DnAP2s基因在根中的表达量最大,不同的居群DnAP2s基因表达有较大不同。鉴定得到97个金钗石斛AP2/ERF蛋白,DnAP2s基因在根茎叶花中表达具有差异性,地理分布导致不同居群的遗传多样性水平不同。

BOC2抑制N-甲酰肽/甲酰肽受体信号通路减轻SAP炎症损伤的机制研究

目的观察BOC-Phe-Leu-Phe-Leu-Phe(BOC2)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠血中6种线粒体N-甲酰肽(NFPs)及胰腺组织中2种甲酰肽受体(FPRs)表达的影响,探讨其减轻SAP炎症损伤的机制。方法将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组,模型组,BOC2低、高剂量组(分别为0.1、0.2 mg/kg),每组10只。后3组以胆胰管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠(50 mg/kg)制备SAP模型。造模结束后0.5 h腹腔注射相应剂量药物,4 h取材。苏木精-伊红染色观察胰腺病理改变;蛋白免疫印迹法检测血浆中NFPs的表达;免疫组化法检测胰腺FPRs表达;酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆中白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测胰腺局部组织炎性因子的表达。结果与模型组比较,BOC2低、高剂量组胰腺出血、腺泡细胞坏死、炎性细胞浸润、水肿等病理现象均改善;胰腺病理评分,血浆线粒体NADH-泛素氧化还原酶链(MT-ND)1、MT-ND2、MT-ND3、MT-ND5、MT-ND6表达,胰腺FPRs表达,血浆及胰腺组织中3种炎性因子表达均下降(P<0.05)。结论BOC2可通过拮抗线粒体NFPs/FPRs信号通路减少炎性因子产生,减轻SAP炎症损伤。

康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗晚期NSCLC的疗效

目的观察康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效。方法选取2020年1月—2022年12月遵义市中医院收治的晚期NSCLC患者60例作为研究对象,以随机抽签法将患者分为AP化疗组30例和联合化疗组30例。AP化疗组患者采取AP化疗方案治疗,联合化疗组患者在AP化疗组基础上予康莱特注射液治疗,2组均以3周为1个化疗周期,持续治疗4个化疗周期。比较2组近期疗效,治疗前后免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、血清肿瘤标志物[糖类抗原125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)和神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)]及不良反应。结果联合化疗组客观缓解率为70.00%,高于AP化疗组的43.33%(χ^(2)=4.344,P=0.037)。治疗4个化疗周期后,2组IgG及血清CA125、CEA、NSE水平及AP化疗组IgA、IgM水平均较治疗前降低,但联合化疗组IgG、IgA、IgM水平高于AP化疗组,血清CA125、CEA、NSE水平低于AP化疗组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。联合化疗组血小板减少、血红蛋白减少、恶心呕吐发生率低于AP化疗组(P<0.05)。结论晚期NSCLC患者采取康莱特注射液联合AP化疗方案治疗能够降低免疫耐受及血清肿瘤标志物表达,延缓病情进展,降低不良反应发生率,增强疗效。

铝基核壳材料AP/Al的制备及性能研究

以AP和铝粉为原料,采用“AP预处理+表面沉积”两步法工艺制备了以铝粉为“壳”的铝基核壳材料AP/Al;采用SEM-EDS、粒度分析、密度测试等方法表征了AP/Al的表面形貌、元素分布、粒度分布和密度等物理特性,对比测试了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的感度性能、热分解性能、爆热及残渣活性铝含量并与AP/Al物理混合物进行了对比;运用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程计算了AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的分解活化能,并通过高速摄像机记录了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的燃烧特性。结果表明,铝基核壳材料AP/Al是以AP为“核芯”、铝粉为“壳”,密度为2.0485 g/cm^(3)的类球形颗粒;相比于物理混合物,铝基核壳材料AP/Al静电火光感度由27.94 mJ提高至102.88 mJ,AP低温分解和高温分解活化能分别提升10.9和9.0 kJ/mol,爆热值未出现明显降低(物理混合物为9298.4 J/g,铝基核壳材料AP/Al为9260.6 J/g),但铝基核壳材料AP/Al残渣中活性铝质量分数降低90%以上;有别于传统铝粉燃烧的拖拽火焰,铝基核壳材料AP/Al燃烧时,铝液滴溅射大量细颗粒铝珠,且燃烧火焰更加均匀、明亮。

非能动补水对AP1000乏燃料池局部硼稀释的影响分析

AP1000非能动电厂在事故后采用非能动补水的方式为乏燃料池提供冷却,同时临界安全分析要求乏池硼浓度高于最低允许硼浓度,以保证足够的次临界裕度。基于AP1000乏燃料池设计,采用CFD流体分析软件,使用多孔介质模型和组分输运模型模拟非硼化水源补水对燃料贮存区域的非均匀硼稀释影响。分析结果表明,燃料贮存区的局部硼浓度受到非硼化水源的稀释作用有所降低。在有效控制补水的前提下,局部硼浓度最低降至约2 140 ppm,高于允许的最低硼浓度值,不影响乏燃料临界安全。