OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOBODY PANEL STAMPING PROCESS BASED ON DYNAMIC EXPLICIT FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Taking CPU time cost and analysis accuracy into account, dynamic explicit finite ele- ment method is adopted to optimize the forming process of autobody panels that often have large sizes and complex geometry. In this paper, for the sake of illustrating in detail how dynamic explicit finite element method is applied to the numerical simulation of the autobody panel forming process,an example of optimization of stamping process pain meters of an inner door panel is presented. Using dynamic explicit finite element code Ls-DYNA3D, the inner door panel has been optimized by adapting pa- rameters such as the initial blank geometry and position, blank-holder forces and the location of drawbeads, and satisfied results are obtained.

Finite element method simulation of shotpeening wing skin panel

Finite element method(FEM) was used to simulate the forming process of shotpeening the wing skin panel. Experiment of shotpeeing the wing skin panel was carried out. The results show that equivalent deformation in shotpeening process can be obtained using the elongation and bending result caused by thermal stress that is induced by applying temperature load on the surface of the part. Deformation of the part in the shotpeeing process can be analyzed using this method. The parameters and their relationships are identified.

An Efficient Method for Local Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Panels

The local buckling of stiffened panels is one of possible failure modes and concerned by engineers in the preliminary design of lightweight structures. In practice,a simplified model,i.e.,a rectangular plate with elastically restrained along its unloaded edges,is established and the Ritz method is usually employed for solutions. To use the Ritz method,however,the loaded edges of the plate are usually assumed to be simply supported. An empirical correction factor has to be used to account for clamped loaded edges. Here,a simple and efficient method,called the quadrature element method(QEM),is presented for obtaining accurate buckling behavior of rectangular plates with any combinations of boundary conditions, including the elastically restrained conditions. Different from the conventional high order finite element method(FEM),non-uniformly distributed nodes are used,and thus the method can achieve an exponential rate of convergence. Formulations are worked out in detail. A computer program is developed. Improvement of solution accuracy can be easily achieved by changing the number of element nodes in the computer program. Several numerical examples are given. Results are compared with either existing solutions or finite element data for verifications. It is shown that high solution accuracy is achieved. In addition,the proposed method and developed computer program can allow quick analysis of local buckling of stiffened panels and thus is suitable for optimization routines in the preliminary design stage.

团聚物与凸起结构柔性振动筛板碰撞解聚特性

为了促进潮湿细粒煤团聚物的解聚,提出将凸起结构筛板用于物料的筛分。首先,采用挤压壁面法构建了潮湿细粒团聚物模型,仿真分析了团聚物在不同筛板上的碰撞解聚过程及解聚程度;其次,通过单因素和响应面分析法研究了凸起结构参数对团聚物碰撞解聚程度的影响性能,对凸起结构参数进行了优化;最后,通过筛分试验对比了物料在普通筛板和凸起结构筛板的解聚性能。结果表明:凸起结构能提高潮湿细粒团聚物的解聚程度,其参数对团聚物的解聚性能有显著影响;平均垂直应力σyy、液桥断裂百分比DR、平均偏心距离Ad和膨胀速度Ue随凸起结构下底a、上底b的增加呈非单调变化,与高h的变化呈正比;响应面分析得到凸起结构各参数对解聚程度的影响显著性依次为h>b/a>a;通过对凸起结构参数优化,团聚物的解聚程度最高可提升13.4%。

基于逆有限元法的三维壁板结构变形场重构

过约束状态下的结构内部转角不连续,会导致结构变形场难以准确重构。该文以飞行器进气道典型三维壁板结构为对象,开展超静定状态下结构变形场重构方法研究。将子区域划分与逆有限元法相结合,实现了基于实测应变数据的超静定结构全场变形重构。对静载工况下三维壁板结构开展变形场重构数值仿真研究,验证算法的可行性和重构精度;进一步开展了试验研究,实现了变载荷工况下基于实测应变的三维壁板结构全场变形重构,并利用实测位移数据验证重构变形场的精度。试验结果表明:位移测点处的重构位移值与实测位移值的相对误差在10%左右,结合子区域划分和逆有限元法的变形重构算法可以准确重构出过约束工况下三维壁板结构的全场变形。

中心开孔加筋壁板压缩性能研究

为了研究飞机结构中不同开孔尺寸加筋壁板在压缩载荷下的屈曲行为和后屈曲行为,本文设计了相应的试验方法和试验夹具,完成了壁板压缩试验。得到了不同开孔尺寸加筋壁板的屈曲/破坏载荷、失稳过程及破坏模式。结果表明:加筋壁板的屈曲模式是筋条间蒙皮和筋条外蒙皮发生相反的变形,且屈曲模态随载荷的增加发生多次跳变;加筋壁板的压缩破坏模式是在屈曲变形的基础上筋条伴有明显的变形。针对不同开孔尺寸的加筋壁板进行压缩加载有限元仿真,得到的屈曲与破坏模式和试验的吻合,屈曲/破坏载荷与试验结果的误差在4%以内,验证了有限元模型的有效性。随着开孔尺寸的增加,加筋壁板的屈服载荷先缓慢减小后快速增大;壁板的破坏载荷逐渐减小,最终结构失去后屈曲承载能力。

柔性筛板上黏湿煤团解聚及透筛特性研究

振动弛张筛在黏湿细粒煤炭干法筛分领域应用广泛。采用离散元中的API技术,在EDEM软件中构建了一种新型柔性筛面模型,并利用数学理论模型进行验证,此外探究了筛面振幅参数和颗粒表面能大小对黏湿颗粒运动特性的影响规律。结果表明:随着表面能的增大,煤团与筛面碰撞后形成的二次团聚体越大,筛下颗粒数越少,一定范围内,随振幅的增大解聚后的颗粒平均法向速度越大。研究成果为离散元法研究黏湿煤炭筛分提供理论基础。

城轨钢箱梁开口肋正交异性钢桥面板疲劳应力计算组合系数法

为简化城轨交通钢箱梁桥面板疲劳性能评估,基于轨下开口肋正交异性钢桥面板典型构造,采用有限元方法提出其疲劳应力计算组合系数法。首先,建立重庆嘉华轨道专用桥桥面构造有限元模型,确定车辆疲劳荷载纵、横向影响范围及最不利加载位置,并分析减震垫刚度、轨下纵梁刚度和轨枕板形式等关键参数对开口肋正交异性钢桥面板疲劳应力的影响。然后,根据工程实际,确定城轨交通桥正交异性钢桥面板基准结构及各设计参数变化范围,基于上述有限元模型对顶板厚度,板肋厚度和间距,横隔板间距、高度和厚度及开孔半径进行分析,得到各参数影响系数并提出轨下开口肋正交异性钢桥面板疲劳应力计算组合系数法。最后,用算例验证该方法的合理性和可靠性,计算误差在10%以内,可为疲劳设计提供参考。

桥面板施工顺序对钢-混组合梁桥的受力影响研究及优化

为分析桥面板施工顺序对钢-混组合梁桥成桥受力性能的影响并优化现有的桥面板施工顺序,基于钢-混组合梁桥的受力过程,以交通部颁发的装配化钢-混组合梁通用图为依托,选取3×40 m钢-混组合连续梁桥为对象进行研究。采用桥梁博士软件建立钢-混组合梁桥有限元模型,以桥面板施工工序和结构体系转换时间为变量,分析7种桥面板施工顺序下的结构受力性能。结果表明:钢-混组合截面的受力模式分为一次受力状态和分阶段受力状态,其中采用一次受力状态的施工顺序具有施工方便、成桥整体刚度大、钢梁应力小的优点,但存在支点处桥面板拉应力过大的缺点;分阶段受力状态的施工顺序能有效降低支点处桥面板拉应力,但成桥钢梁应力偏大,结构刚度不足。针对采用上述2种受力模式的施工顺序不能兼顾结构成桥性能(钢梁应力、整体刚度等)较优与控制支点桥面板拉应力的问题,提出优化的混合受力状态的施工顺序,该顺序既保留了一次受力状态较优的成桥性能又显著降低了支点处桥面板拉应力,兼顾了上述2种受力模式的优点,可为钢-混组合梁桥的设计和施工提供参考。

Structural-acoustic optimization of stiffened panels based on a genetic algorithm

For the structural-acoustic radiation optimization problem under external loading,acoustic radiation power was considered to be an objective function in the optimization method. The finite element method(FEM) and boundary element method(BEM) were adopted in numerical calculations,and structural response and the acoustic response were assumed to be de-coupled in the analysis. A genetic algorithm was used as the strategy in optimization. In order to build the relational expression of the pressure objective function and the power objective function,the enveloping surface model was used to evaluate pressure in the acoustic domain. By taking the stiffened panel structural-acoustic optimization problem as an example,the acoustic power and field pressure after optimized was compared. Optimization results prove that this method is reasonable and effective.

Theoretical Calculation and Analysis of Slip and Deformation for Concrete Sandwich Panels

Slip and deformation of concrete sandwich panels under uniformly distributed loads is concerned. The effect of slip on the deformation of concrete sandwich panels are studied,and the analytical expressions of slip and deformation for concrete sandwich panels is obtained. These formulae can describe the slip distribution and account for its effect on deformation. In order to restrict the bound of formula, the formula of crack moment is obtained. The results of theoretical calculation are compared with those of tests and finite element methods. The comparison shows that the results of theoretical calculation are in accord with those of tests and finite element methods. So the theoretical calculation can be used to calculate slip and deformation of concrete sandwich panels in practical projects.

Automobile Roof Panel Forming: Prediction and Compensation of Springback and Application of Numerical Simulation Based on Dynaform

The forming of sheet metal in a desired and attractive shape is a process that requires an understanding of materials, mechanics and manufacturing principles. Manufacturing a consistent sheet metal component is challenging due to the nonlinear interactions of various material and process parameters. One of the major issues in the manufacturing of inconsistent?sheet metal?parts is springback. Springback is the elastic strain recovery in the material after the tooling is removed and the final shape of the product depends on the springback amount formed. In this study according to the result of simulation the inverted compensation method is adopted to optimize die surface design. Similarly, to predict and compensate the springback error this study presented an analytical approach of forming process in a stepwise modification of the automobile roof panel. Moreover, based on?Dynaform?and?finite element analysis of sheet metal stamping simulation the sprinback in automobile roof panel is predicted and compensated.?In addition, this study examines the significant requirements of the sheet metal forming precision of automobile body and the simulation of forming, stamping and springback of automobile roof panel is carried out, and the result of simulation also is analyzed.

Numerical Analysis of Static Performance Comparison of Friction Stir Welded versus Riveted 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy Stiffened Panels

Most researches on the static performance of stiffened panel joined by friction stir welding（FSW） mainly focus on the compression stability rather than shear stability. To evaluate the potential of FSW as a replacement for traditional rivet fastening for stiffened panel assembly in aviation application, finite element method（FEM） is applied to compare compression and shear stability performances of FSW stiffened panels with stability performances of riveted stiffened panels. FEMs of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy FSW and riveted stiffened panels are developed and nonlinear static analysis method is applied to obtain buckling pattern, buckling load and load carrying capability of each panel model. The accuracy of each FEM of FSW stiffened panel is evaluated by stability experiment of FSW stiffened panel specimens with identical geometry and boundary condition and the accuracy of each FEM of riveted stiffened panel is evaluated by semi-empirical calculation formulas. It is found that FEMs without considering weld-induced initial imperfections notably overestimate the static strengths of FSW stiffened panels. FEM results show that, buckling patterns of both FSW and riveted compression stiffened panels represent local buckling of plate between stiffeners. The initial buckling waves of FSW stiffened panel emerge uniformly in each plate between stiffeners while those of riveted panel mainly emerge in the mid-plate. Buckling patterns of both FSW and riveted shear stiffened panels represent local buckling of plate close to the loading corner. FEM results indicate that, shear buckling of FSW stiffened panel is less sensitive to the initial imperfections than compression buckling. Load carrying capability of FSW stiffened panel is less sensitive to the initial imperfections than initial buckling. It can be concluded that buckling loads of FSW panels are a bit lower than those of riveted panels whereas carrying capabilities of FSW panels are almost equivalent to those of riveted panels with identical geometries. Finite element method for simulating static performances of FSW and riveted stiffened panels is proposed and evaluated and some beneficial conclusions are obtained, which offer useful references for analysis and application of FSW to replace rivet fastening in aviation stiffened panel assembly.

装配式钢结构连接节点的有限元传热计算分析研究

在绿色低碳建设的发展理念下,装配式钢结构建筑技术大力发展。钢结构建筑连接节点构造复杂,金属连接件种类多,所形成的热损失量不易估算。论文基于有限元传热分析方法对钢结构预制混凝土墙板楼板连接节点进行了热工性能模拟计算,详细核算了由钢结构主体形成的结构性热桥以及由金属连接件形成的点热桥所造成的热损失。由于钢制连接件具有多维热传导属性,通过模拟计算结果可见,即使每个部件均采用了较好的断热桥措施,组装后形成的整体构造热损失仍是不可忽视。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTS FOR PANEL FORMING BASED ON CAD/CAE SYSTEM

A comparison research about the implicit and explicit solutions of sheet forming simulation was presented. On the platform of Autoform and Ls dyna3D, a dynamic forming simulation of a sideframe, of Santana 2000 was done, and the engineering strain, the thickness distribution and the FLD between the two softwares were compared. It indicates that their results coincide with each other very much and the areas of the wrinkle and failure are the same roughly. Further, the characteristics of the two softwares in geometric model and preprocessing of the finite element were discussed and the questions which need attention provided.

A review of mid-frequency vibro-acoustic modelling for highspeed train extruded aluminium panels as well as the most recent developments in hybrid modelling techniques

The present paper reviews the vibro-acoustic modelling of extruded aluminium train floor structures including the state-of-the-art of its industrial applications, as well as the most recent developments on mid-frequency mod- elling techniques in general. With the common purpose to predict mid-frequency vibro-acoustic responses of stiffened panel structures to an acceptable accuracy at a reasonable computational cost, relevant techniques are mainly based on one of the following three types of mid-frequency vibro- acoustic modelling principles： （1） enhanced deterministic methods, （2） enhanced statistical methods, and （3） hybrid deterministic/statistical methods. It is shown that, although recent developments have led to a significant step forward in industrial applicability, mature and adequate prediction tech- niques, however, are still very much required for solving sound transmission through, and radiation from, extruded aluminium panels used on high-speed trains. Due to their great potentials for predicting mid-frequency vibro-acoustics of stiffened panel structures, two of recently developed mid-frequency modelling approaches, i.e. the so-called hybrid finite element-statistical energy analysis （FE-SEA） and hybrid wave-based method- statistical energy analysis （WBM-SEA）, are then recapitulated.

弹性螺旋桨纵向激励力特性研究

螺旋桨纵向激励力是引起舰船艉部振动噪声的重要原因之一,对其研究有利于舰船艉部的振动噪声控制。通过面元法耦合有限元法建立螺旋桨双向流固耦合动力学模型,计算P438X系列螺旋桨在不均匀流场下的纵向激励力,研究桨叶弹性、侧斜角等因素对纵向激励力的影响。结果表明:当激励频率小于螺旋桨一阶固有频率一半时,桨叶弹性效应对纵向激励力影响很小,可对其按刚性螺旋桨处理;当激励频率接近螺旋桨一阶固有频率时,桨叶弹性对纵向激励力有显著放大效应;刚性螺旋桨侧斜角越大,纵向激励力越小,然而考虑桨叶弹性后,过大的侧斜角将降低桨叶各阶固有频率,从而恶化纵向激励力。因此需要结合激励频率、桨叶固有频率设计合适的侧斜角。

基于蒙特卡洛法的粮食侧压力下SIW墙板可靠性及灵敏度分析

“结构-隔热”一体化复合墙板(SIW墙板)是一种新型粮食平房仓墙体构件,由内、外叶混凝土墙和保温板通过连接件组成。为研究粮食侧压力作用下SIW墙板力学性能的可靠性及随机参数的灵敏度,建立了有限元分析模型,以内叶墙挠度和混凝土强度不同控制条件的功能函数为失效准则,采用蒙特卡洛拉丁超立方抽样方法,对影响SIW墙板承载力的随机输入参数按分布类型开展了100000次抽样及计算,分析了SIW墙板的可靠性,量化了随机参数的灵敏度。研究结果表明:有限元模拟结果与试验结果相差不足5%,功能函数失效概率分别为P f1=5.02×10^(-2)、P f 2=3.30×10^(-4),建立的有限元模型是有效的,对比规范其可靠度均在安全范围之内,应主要考虑影响混凝土强度失效较大的参数;粮食重力密度、混凝土弹性模量和保温板弹性模量的变化对SIW墙板混凝土强度可靠性的影响较大。研究成果为SIW墙板结构设计及优化提供了参考依据。

基于面元法和FEM的海上浮式风力机叶片动力响应研究

考虑水动-气动耦合模型,研究海上浮式风力机在风浪作用下动力响应的数值模拟方法。采用速度势面元法求解浮式风力机叶片压力分布以及时变气动载荷;建立NREL 5 MW风力机的有限元模型,通过瞬态分析得到叶片的变形和应力分布。计算表明,在展长方向,越靠近叶根处,应力值越大;在弦长方向上,越靠近前缘点应力值越大。和风载荷单独作用相比,波浪载荷导致浮式平台产生较大幅度的纵荡和纵摇运动,能量传递到上部风力机后导致叶片的变形和应力更大。

弹性桨-轴系统建模与计算方法研究

弹性桨-轴与流体产生的双向流固耦合效应,显著改变了推进系统振动性能。现有研究分别针对桨叶和转轴弹性采用分离模型进行,即:流体-弹性桨与流体-刚体桨-弹性轴模型。而在实际工况中,转轴由于发生振动,使弹性桨入流条件与忽略轴系振动时的差异很大;另一方面,现有分离模型在预报时,是基于流体在桨叶振动平衡位置处界面力学关系开展的,未能真实反映流体在振动桨叶物理表面行为特征,难以满足桨-轴系统振动特性准确预报的现实需求。该研究拟针对流体-弹性桨-轴复杂系统双向流固耦合问题,基于精确的振动桨叶表面流体界面力学关系,建立弹性桨-轴双向流固耦合一体化模型并发展一套高效高精度稳定数值算法。结果表明,船舶研究者需建立流体-弹性桨-轴一体化模型,以重新评估附加质量/阻尼及轴承处激励力。建立的模型与算法和得到的结果可为低速水下航行器声振性能设计和评价提供理论和技术支持。