[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the sou...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.展开更多
Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms o...Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of N effect. Two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance were grown in the field and pot. Four panicle N fertilization treatments were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007. The result showed that medium level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NM） enhanced the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the stem and sheath. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment （NO）, NM promoted the translocation of labeled ^13C from stem and sheath to grain. But, low level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NL） and high level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NH） showed the negative effect. The endosperm cell, grain length, and grain width of NM increased more quickly than that of NO from 4 to 10 d after anthesis. During the early period of grain filling, sucrose-phosphate synthase （EC 2.4.1.14, SPS） activity were significantly higher for the NM treatment than those of the NL and NH treatments. Sucrose synthase （EC 2.4.1.13, SuSase） activity in the grains was substantially enhanced by NM, with the duration of higher activity being longer than those of the other treatments. At maturing stage, NM significantly increased the filled grain number, the seed-setting rate, and the grain weight compared with NL and NH. The results suggest that NM have a positive effect on the activities of enzymes of physiological importance, thereby increasing the grain size and promoting grain filling.展开更多
为研究氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉理化特性和精细结构的影响,明确粳米食用特征与淀粉特性和结构的关系,以南粳9108和南粳0212为供试材料,在相同基蘖肥用量下设置3个穗肥施氮水平(0、45和135 kg N hm^(-2)),测定了不同处理下粳米的淀粉特性及其...为研究氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉理化特性和精细结构的影响,明确粳米食用特征与淀粉特性和结构的关系,以南粳9108和南粳0212为供试材料,在相同基蘖肥用量下设置3个穗肥施氮水平(0、45和135 kg N hm^(-2)),测定了不同处理下粳米的淀粉特性及其结构,分析了其与食用特征间的关系。施用氮素穗肥降低了粳米食味值,高氮下差异显著。硬度、弹性、黏性和平衡性的绝对值与总蛋白含量均随穗肥施氮量的增加而提高,表观直链淀粉含量则与之相反。在淀粉特性和结构方面,增施氮素穗肥提高了淀粉溶解度、膨胀势、糊化焓、小淀粉颗粒占比、相对结晶度、红外比值(1045/1022 cm^(-1)),降低了淀粉回生焓、回生度、大淀粉颗粒占比、淀粉平均直径和红外比值(1022/995 cm^(-1)),高氮影响更趋明显。施用氮素穗肥降低了表观直链淀粉含量,提高了淀粉表层的有序性和结晶区稳定性,淀粉粒径变小,进而阻碍了淀粉膨胀和糊化,米饭硬度升高,食用口感变差。适量施用氮素穗肥可实现粳稻优质丰产协同。展开更多
基金Supported by National"Eleventh Five-Year"Technology Support Program(2006BAD02A04)Special Project of Ministry of Agriculture for Super Rice"Development and Technology Integration of Cultivation Techniques for Super Rice"~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effect of postponing application of N fertilizer on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice Ganxin688.[Method] With super hybrid rice Ganxin688 as test material,the source organ traits（leaf area index,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate of flag leaf,stem and sheath dry matter accumulation and output） and yield were measured,the effects of nitrogen application on source-sink relationship,yield and N fertilizer use efficiency were also studied.[Result] Appropriate postponing of N fertilizer was benefit for optimizing population quality,harmonizing source-sink relation,enhancing leaf function,prolonging leaf function period and increasing N fertilizer use efficiency.After heading,the leaves area index（LAI） and chlorophyll content increased with the increasing application amount of panicle fertilizer,and their reduction rate slowed down with the increased application amount of panicle fertilizer.Appropriate increased application of panicle fertilizer could prolong the function period of leaves in lower position,increase storage amount of stem and sheath matter,total sink capacity and sink capacity per unit leaf area during heading stage,improve panicle rate and seed setting rate,reduce the demand of grain sink on stem and sheath matter,and increase lodging resistance of plant,which could also increase dry matter productivity and rice productivity of N fertilizer,and increase absorption and application ratio and total accumulation amount of N fertilizer.For Ganxin 688,when N application amount was 175-205 kg/hm2,the proportion of panicle fertilizer in total nitrogen application should be better as 40%-45%.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for making reasonable and efficient N application strategy to establish a coordinated huge sink and strong source relationship for super rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871482)the Scientific Research Innovation Project for Graduate Student of Jiangsu Province, China (CXO7B_184Z)
文摘Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of N effect. Two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance were grown in the field and pot. Four panicle N fertilization treatments were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007. The result showed that medium level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NM） enhanced the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the stem and sheath. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment （NO）, NM promoted the translocation of labeled ^13C from stem and sheath to grain. But, low level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NL） and high level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NH） showed the negative effect. The endosperm cell, grain length, and grain width of NM increased more quickly than that of NO from 4 to 10 d after anthesis. During the early period of grain filling, sucrose-phosphate synthase （EC 2.4.1.14, SPS） activity were significantly higher for the NM treatment than those of the NL and NH treatments. Sucrose synthase （EC 2.4.1.13, SuSase） activity in the grains was substantially enhanced by NM, with the duration of higher activity being longer than those of the other treatments. At maturing stage, NM significantly increased the filled grain number, the seed-setting rate, and the grain weight compared with NL and NH. The results suggest that NM have a positive effect on the activities of enzymes of physiological importance, thereby increasing the grain size and promoting grain filling.
文摘为研究氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉理化特性和精细结构的影响,明确粳米食用特征与淀粉特性和结构的关系,以南粳9108和南粳0212为供试材料,在相同基蘖肥用量下设置3个穗肥施氮水平(0、45和135 kg N hm^(-2)),测定了不同处理下粳米的淀粉特性及其结构,分析了其与食用特征间的关系。施用氮素穗肥降低了粳米食味值,高氮下差异显著。硬度、弹性、黏性和平衡性的绝对值与总蛋白含量均随穗肥施氮量的增加而提高,表观直链淀粉含量则与之相反。在淀粉特性和结构方面,增施氮素穗肥提高了淀粉溶解度、膨胀势、糊化焓、小淀粉颗粒占比、相对结晶度、红外比值(1045/1022 cm^(-1)),降低了淀粉回生焓、回生度、大淀粉颗粒占比、淀粉平均直径和红外比值(1022/995 cm^(-1)),高氮影响更趋明显。施用氮素穗肥降低了表观直链淀粉含量,提高了淀粉表层的有序性和结晶区稳定性,淀粉粒径变小,进而阻碍了淀粉膨胀和糊化,米饭硬度升高,食用口感变差。适量施用氮素穗肥可实现粳稻优质丰产协同。
