The Interaction Effects of the Parameters on Optimization Design in Paper Production Waste Usage on Alkali-Activated Slag with Taguchi Method

The paper investigates the second-order interactions of parameters in an alkali-activated mixture of paper production waste(PPW)and blast furnace slag(BFS)in Taguchi method.The PPW including lime mud(LM)and paper sludge(PS).This paper provides the experimental models to assess the compressive and flexural strength of them at 7-day and 28-day.The results have shown that the second-order interactions between PPW and alkali-activated activator exists in each experimental model,and the significant interactions affect the selection of optimal compositions.Compared with the interactions between the PPW themselves,the interactions between PPW and alkali-activated parameters are the main significant factors affecting its physical properties.In each experimental model,the maximum compressive strength was 47.41 MPa in 7-day and 65.64 MPa in 28-day.Compared with the confirmatory experiments,the deviation of prediction calculated by experimental models was 3.08%and 0.56%,respectively.The maximum flexural strength was 5.74 MPa in 7-day and 5.96 MPa in 28-day;compared with the confirmatory experiments,the deviation of prediction calculated by experimental models was 5.40%and 0.17%.Considering the influence of circular materials,30%of PPW should be a suitable ratio to replace BFS as the raw material of alkali-activated slag(AAS).

Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost

This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is proposed.According to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice versa.When the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more prominent.According to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed （284 358 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan （2.63 yuan/t）.When the amount of molten iron is fixed （270 425 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan （1.5 yuan/t）.The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced.

考虑价格因素的中国全要素生产率计算及其影响因素分析——基于Global Cost Malmquist和Tobit模型的实证研究

本文将价格因素引入模型中,基于Global Cost Malmquist指数模型估算全要素生产率,基于全要素生产率分解进一步分析我国的资源错配状况及其来源,并采用Tobit模型对全要素生产率尤其是价格效应的影响因素进行实证分析,研究结果表明:现阶段我国全要素生产率增长存在高估问题,技术进步对我国全要素生产率的正向促进作用日趋显著,由价格扭曲导致的资源错配是现阶段抑制我国全要素生产率进一步提高的主要因素,同时技术进步和价格扭曲加剧了地区全要素生产率差异;对外直接投资、出口贸易和金融发展提高了全要素生产率增长,改善了资源错配,而市场分割和工业占比则起到抑制作用;东部和西部地区的对外直接投资、中部地区的出口贸易以及西部地区的金融发展水平会显著改善地区价格扭曲程度。基于以上研究,提出加快资源配置市场化改革、培育开放的市场化动力、激发金融市场活力、优化产业结构等政策启示。

Regression Models of the Impact of Rockmass and Blast Design Variations on the Effectiveness of Iron Ore Surface Blasting

The desired economics of hard rock surface mining is mainly determined by the parameters of process design which minimize the overall cost per tonne of the rock mined in drilling, blasting, handling and primary crushing in given rockmass conditions. The most effective parameters of process design could be established based on the regression models of the cumulative influence of rockmass and mine design parameters on the overall cost per tonne of the rock drilled, blasted, handled and crushed. These models could be developed from the huge data accumulated worldwide on the costs per tonne of hard rock surface mining in drilling, blasting, handling and primary crushing vs the parameters of rockmass and mine design. This paper only dwelt on the development of regression models for oversize generation, blasthole productivity and blasting cost for iron ore surface mines, whose data is available. The SPSS standard statistical correlation – regression analysis software was used in the analysis. Interpretation of the models generated shows that the individual effects of the determinant rockmass and blast design parameters on oversize generation, blasthole productivity and blasting cost are all in compliance with the findings of other researchers and the theory of explosive rock fragmentation and could be used for the estimation of oversize generation, blasthole productivity and blasting cost in rockmass and blast design conditions similar to those of the iron ore surface mines examined in this study. However, the regression models obtained here could not be used alone for the optimization of blast design because most of the determinant parameters also have conflicting effect on the other processes of drilling, handling and primary crushing the blasted rock. Also, the quality and content of the regression models could be enhanced further by increasing the content of rockmass and blast design parameters and the volume of data considered in the regression analysis.

Macroeconomic Instabilities and Cost-Recovery Potentials of Public Sector Organisations

The 2008 financial crisis raised concerns over the performance of public sector organisations operating under different cost recovery regimes.These concerns were linked to potential failure in attaining cost recovery targets as a result of declining revenues during economic downturn.This study utilised the Linear Mixed Effect(LME)models to analyse the data from the World Bank Indicator website and from six national Land Administration Organisations(LAOs),two of which being under“No cost recovery”(NCR)and the remaining being in“Full Cost Recovery”(FCR).Cost recovery indicators were computed from financial statement of national LAOs of these countries.The findings establish that a global financial crisis that is associated with declining GDP and a higher inflation rate can insignificantly reduce the level of cost recovery for LAOs while persistent decline in GDP growth rate significantly eliminates potentials for cost recovery.However prospects for recovery can be traced within the cost-revenue microstructures of LAOs themselves.With a significantly negative relationship between spending in information and technology as a ratio of GDP to the degree of cost recovery,LAOs need only to eliminate rigidities in their cost-revenue structure which tie them to macro-instabilities of the real estate market.Such flexibility can be attained through elastic cross-substitution in the LAO’s gross cost-revenues schedules for registration tasks in favour of information delivery tasks.

Dynamics Models of Crank in Motor Housing Process

With regards to the assembly line of cost control of Dechang(HK)company,the motor housing’s cost control of process will be necessarily respected.Because the supply quantity is big in a machine the price of motor housing is small,so that the cost control of automatic production line is significant with modeling.It is found that the control of equipment includes in shaft and crank linkage for benefit which also needs to be controlled in detail.For the sake of benefits can we fundamentally resolve the main problem of high cost process.

Building Productivity Models for Small Enhancements

Software is in constant evolution and many approaches have been suggested to study software maintenance productivity. This research reports on a process to design and implement a productivity model of legacy software based on the measurement of small functional enhancements using the COSMIC ISO 19761 international standard. Two motivations influence this research: 1) understanding the productivity of the software maintenance process to help manage the cost of maintenance;2) understanding the cost drivers that affect the software maintenance productivity. This research reports on an empirical study of a productivity measurement program implemented in a large banking legacy system.

Cost Control with Modeling in Motor Housing Process

With regards to the assembly line of cost control of Dechang company,the motor housing′s cost control of process will be necessarily appreciated.Though the supply quantity is large in a machine and the price of motor housing is cheaper,the cost control of automatic production line is significant in this respection.It is found that insufficiency power is main cause for production line failure.The cost control of equipment includes to structure wheel,conveyor and motor for benefit which also needs to be controlled in detail.Only in this way can we fundamentally resolve the main problem of high cost process.When the capital price L increases,Avc also increases too with nonlinear meantime,and Tc&Vc increase in proportion to K.Among them,the Tc increases the highest and then Vc increases lightly.Generally when labour quantity L and capital quantity K increase cost increases in proportion.

基于动态成本卷积的复杂产品批产路径优化问题建模与求解研究

具有复杂工艺路线的装备产品,其生产系统设计的待决策变量之间通常相互耦合、相互影响,对产品最终的批产成本产生着影响,构成了较为复杂的组合优化问题。对此,提出一种基于动态成本卷积的复杂产品批产路径优化模型。该模型考虑了复杂产品工艺路线的各节点均可能存在多种生产设计选项,在各选项对应着不同生产投入和批量效率的情况下,以最终交付产品的批产成本最小化为目标输出生产系统设计和成本卷积路径。同时,建立了混合整数规划模型,并通过对模型中非线性成分实施可控精度线性化,将模型换化为可最优求解的线性模型。最后,针对某连续生产行业设计了小、中、大规模实验算例,验证了所提模型的可行性、合理性和求解效率。

造纸机干燥部排风系统节能优化设计研究

为实现针对造纸机干燥部排风系统的节能优化,降低造纸企业的生产经营成本,收集了某造纸企业提供的干燥部信息管理系统数据并建立了服务于排风系统节能优化的弹性网络模型。通过该模型对干燥部排风系统内各个排风机的排风温湿度进行预测,发现弹性网络模型对排风机排风温湿度的预测效果显著优于支持向量回归模型。因此,基于弹性网络的节能优化模型应用于110 g/m^(2)红杉纸、90 g/m^(2)挂面箱板纸、120 g/m^(2)挂面箱板纸等3条产品线的排风系统参数调节工作中。根据生产应用结果发现,3条纸张产品生产线经过参数调节后的吨绝干纸干燥成本依次下降了0.72%、0.68%、1.07%,体现出了较为理想的节能优化效果。

内部价值链视角下复杂产品变更成本预测模型

在持续进步的制造技术环境和复杂多变的市场环境下,以渐进创新为目标的复杂产品设计变更活动高频多发。为有效预测受变更传播影响的生产制造成本,提高设计变更决策的效益性和准确性,从企业内部价值链视角出发,提出基于复杂网络方法的变更成本预测模型。基于负载容量模型对变更传播进行表达,构建设计特征变更传播分析模型;采用改进的灰色关联度、关联分析方法对全局权重进行计算;基于变更传播影响下的量化设计特征值,建立基于特征映射的变更成本预测模型。最后,以G公司某型永磁同步变频冷水机组为案例,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。

不同规模生猪养殖的成本收益及全要素生产率的动态实证分析

探究不同生猪养殖模式的盈利能力和全要素生产率,对于生猪行业高质量发展和保障猪肉有效供应具有重要意义。该文利用2009-2019年的省级面板数据,对不同养殖模式的成分收益进行分析,并利用DEA模型的Malmquist指数方法,对不同生猪养殖模式的全要素生产率进行测度及分解。结果发现:规模养殖模式具有成本比较优势,规模养殖利润高于散养,呈现周期性波动,且散养模式波动最大。不同养殖模式的全要素生产率都表现为略微提升,这主要是由于技术变化的改善,且技术效率却呈现总体下降的特征,其下降是纯技术效率和规模效率的双拖累作用所致。基于此,提出了规模化养殖、政策补贴和提高全要素生产率的建议。

考虑绿色度的制造商线上销售模式选择

针对在线销售环境下中小型绿色制造商的销售模式选择问题,通过采用Stackelberg博弈理论,建立了三种决策模型,考虑了直销成本、佣金比例和产品绿色度。结果显示,直销成本较低时选择直销模式可获得最大利润;佣金比例较高时代销模式下产品绿色度更高;佣金较低时转销模式下产品绿色度更高。当直销成本高且佣金比例高时,选择代销模式可实现较高产品绿色度;而转销模式下可获得更多利润。消费者对产品绿色性的敏感度提高将促使制造商增加绿色生产投入,但增加生产成本可能降低绿色生产的积极性。

基于DEA-Malmquist模型的大豆主产区成本效率测算与评价

大豆作为我国粮食作物中营养价值较高的作物,对于我国居民膳食的结构改善起重要作用。但目前,大豆作物存在依赖进口、自给率较低、生产成本较高等问题。从大豆生产过程中的经济成本角度出发,选取2013—2020年我国大豆主产区的大豆生产成本面板数据,基于投入导向,通过DEA模型和Malmquist指数对大豆生产的成本效率进行测算与指数分解,分析大豆在生产成本投入上存在的问题。研究发现,近8年来,各主产区全要素生产率多数处于边际报酬不变或递增的趋势,但年份增长率呈下降趋势,并且投入与产出要素存在不同程度的冗余现象;全要素生产率下降的主要因素源于技术进步不足。因此,在提升大豆成本效率的对策上可以采用着重提升科技水平、加大科研投入、优化投入要素规模和提高政府财政支持等措施。

开放经济条件下三类农业补贴政策的影响效应研究——基于农业开放DSGE模型

随着高水平对外开放的持续推进和农产品国际贸易环境的日趋复杂,厘清开放经济条件下农业补贴政策的影响效应对于保障粮食安全具有重要意义。本文基于农业开放DSGE模型,比较分析了开放经济条件下农业固定资本补贴政策、农业短期资本补贴政策和农地流转补贴政策的影响效应,并进一步阐释了“三量齐增”问题产生的深层原因。研究结果表明,农业固定资本补贴政策和农业短期资本补贴政策是激发农业生产潜力和促进农民增收的重要支持政策。然而,这两类补贴投入的持续增加也会引起农业生产成本的不断攀升和农产品比较优势的持续削弱,从而引起农产品进出口的结构失衡和“三量齐增”问题的进一步加剧。农地流转补贴政策能够有效促进农地流转,通过推动农业经营规模化,实现对农业生产要素资源配置结构的优化,是缓解农业生产成本上升压力和提高农产品比较优势的重要引导政策。因此,合理搭配使用各类农业补贴政策,构建以优化农业生产要素配置结构为目标的农业补贴政策体系是农业农村现代化顺利实现的关键政策保障。

水稻机械化作业对农业生产效率的影响

水稻是世界上三大主要粮食作物之一,其种植面积和产量占据主导地位。通过机械化作业,可以实现水稻生产全程自动化或半自动化,推动水稻种植更加智能化、现代化。该文探讨了水稻机械化作业的发展现状及其在农业生产中的重要性,分析了水稻机械化作业对农业生产效率的影响机制,可以节省人力资源、提高作业效率、减少生产成本,结合实证模型对水稻机械化作业与农业生产效率之间的关系进行了定量分析,并得出了相关结论,并提出了未来研究的展望和建议,以期进一步理解水稻机械化作业对农业生产效率的影响。

气田开发规划产量分配优化模型及其应用

油气产量的精确预测是油气优化配产的前提 ,目前对于油气产量的预测模式大都局限于油气产量与其单影响因素之间的非线性关系模式 (多项式回归 )或是油气产量与其多影响因素之间的线性关系模式 (多元线性回归 ) ,而没有油气产量与其多影响因素之间的非线性关系模式。文章利用功能模拟原理 (微分模拟方法及神经网络方法 ) ,建立了气田的产量等开发指标与其影响因素之间的关联关系 ,以此对气田优化配产模型进行准确而有效的约束 ,建立产量最大 (定成本 )、成本最低 (定产量 )、效益最好 (定产量、定成本 )的产量分配优化模型 ,并且利用SUMT方法进行了求解。这些优化模型成功地解决了气田的总产量和对应的工作量及其它开发指标最优地分配到各二级开采单位的一系列问题 ,应用于国内某中后期开发气田的开发规划中取得了较好的经济效益。

面向产品设计的成本工程系统方法与技术的研究

企业的发展需要产品具有较强的市场竞争力 ,针对复杂技术产品成本的特点和研究现状 ,建立了产品的全生命周期成本信息模型 ,提出了支持产品设计的成本工程系统的总体框架 ,研究了成本工程系统中各子系统 :成本建模、成本控制优化、成本分析子系统的关联模型 ;详细研究了成本工程系统中的关键技术及其解决的方法 ,开发了相应的软件 。

大批量定制产品总成本构成模型研究

从整体概念角度将产品总成本构成划分为三种类型 :与实质产品相关的成本、与形式产品相关的成本以及与延伸产品相关的成本 ,提出了大批量定制产品总成本数学模型 。

一种新型天然气产量预测模型

随着气田进入开发后期,采气成本逐年增加,有必要加强天然气开采短、中、长期规划工作,以最大限度地降低采气成本,提高经济效益。为了保证天然气开采规划方案的科学性和顺利实施、提高天然气产量预测的精确度,根据天然气开采过程中的产量变化规律,选取了广义翁氏模型和一次指数平滑模型这两种常规预测模型,并应用最优化理论综合考虑了其特征,建立了一种新型天然气产量预测模型———最优化模型。通过对实际生产数据的拟合分析,可以看出:该模型一方面保持了广义翁氏模型的特征,另一方面又弥补了一次指数平滑模型的不足,实现了二者的最优组合,且具有更好的拟合预测效果。从现场实际应用来看,该模型预测结果较准确,适用于天然气产量预测。