Highly Improved Microstructure and Properties of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Paper-based Materials via Hot Calendering Process

In this study,the effect of hot calendering process on the microstructure and properties of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(PPTA) paper-based materials was investigated.The microstructures of the fracture surface,crystalline structure,and single fiber strength of the PPTA paperbased materials as well as the different bonding behaviors between the PPTA fibers and PPTA fibrids obtained before and after the hot calendering process were examined.The results indicated that a high linear pressure would result in a limited improvement of the strength owing to the unimproved paper structure.The optimal values of tensile index and dielectric strength of 56.6 N·m/g and 27.6 kV/mm,respectively,could only be achieved with a synergistic effects of hot calendering temperature and linear pressure(240℃ and 110 k N/m,respectively).This result suggested it was possible to achieve a significant reinforcement and improvement in the interfacial bonding of functional PPTA paper-based materials,and avoid the formation of unexpected pleats and cracks in PPTA paper-based materials during the hot calendering process.

木塑复合材料在家具中的应用

木塑材料作为一种复合型材质具有较强的可塑性、较小的污染性,相较于塑料及实木材质优势明显,在家具制造领域的实用性逐渐增强。本文主要分析了木塑复合材料在家具中应用的原则与优势、设计方法以及应用实例,为木塑材料家具产品开发提供更多的思路与建议。

露营经济背景下户外家具的设计策略研究

随着露营经济的持续升温,消费者对露营活动的质量提出了更高要求。作为露营活动重要载体,露营地户外家具也面临新的设计需要与发展机遇。本文通过分析当前国内露营经济下户外露营的现状,对有过露营经历的用户群体进行意见收集,并对反馈信息进行方差分析。结果表明:可通过改变户外家具的设计策略解决户外露营的短板问题,从而为露营地户外家具的产品设计开发提供参考。

基于贪心算法的板式家具订单备料调度研究

针对板式家具订单备料调度过程中的调度混乱、设备使用效率低的问题,本文通过对板式家具备料进行现场调研,结合订单开料工艺特点,以最小完工时间为目标,构建数学模型,将贪心算法应用在板式家具订单的调度备料中。在此基础上,依据模型进行算法设计,并对算法进行仿真试验,通过对采集的数据进行分析,验证了算法的可行性,提高了家具的备料效率。与工厂现有的调度方式相比,采用本文的调度方案可节约时间700 s,生产效率提高18.89%,对于解决多机并行的订单备料调度具有指导意义。

板式家具余料信息管理系统的设计与开发

在工业自动化高速发展的背景下,板式家具产业发展迎来了新的机遇和挑战。在板式家具企业生产过程中,板材余料利用率低和人工管理效率差的问题一直是困扰板式家具企业健康稳步发展的难题。针对这些问题,本文基于板式家具企业生产线的业务流程,对板式家具余料信息管理的需求进行了分析,并结合企业资源计划系统和企业制造执行系统开发了基于板式家具企业的余料信息管理系统,提出了一种自动化余料管理新方法。该系统的使用,极大提高了板式家具企业余料的管理效率和板材余料的利用率,降低了企业的生产成本。

Low-Cost and Biodegradable Thermoelectric Devices Based on van der Waals Semiconductors on Paper Substrates

We present a method to fabricate handcrafted thermoelectric devices on standard office paper substrates.The devices are based on thin films of WS_(2),Te,and BP(P-type semiconductors)and TiS_(3)and TiS_(2)(N-type semiconductors),deposited by simply rubbing powder of these materials against paper.The thermoelectric properties of these semiconducting films revealed maximum Seebeck coefficients of(+1.32±0.27)mV K^(-1)and(-0.82±0.15)mV K^(-1)for WS_(2)and TiS_(3),respectively.Additionally,Peltier elements were fabricated by interconnecting the P-and N-type films with graphite electrodes.A thermopower value up to 6.11 mV K^(-1)was obtained when the Peltier element were constructed with three junctions.The findings of this work show proof-of-concept devices to illustrate the potential application of semiconducting van der Waals materials in future thermoelectric power generation as well as temperature sensing for low-cost disposable electronic devices.

添加高铝粉煤灰对废窑具制备耐高温材料性能的影响

为实现废窑具的高值材料化利用,以废窑具为主要原料,黏土和高铝粉煤灰为添加剂,采用干压成型法制备出坯体,分别在1100℃、1150℃、1200℃、1250℃下热处理保温3 h,制备出废窑具基耐高温材料。研究了高铝粉煤灰添加量对废窑具基耐高温材料的物相组成、显微形貌、物理性能和常温力学性能的影响,同时还研究了以不同结合剂制备的废窑具基耐高温材料的性能。结果表明:废窑具基耐高温材料的最佳工艺条件为热处理温度1250℃,高铝粉煤灰添加量为30%,所得试样的常温抗折强度为18.1 MPa,常温抗压强度为57.7 MPa;结合剂的种类对试样的常温力学性能也有一定影响。

面向家具产品设计的材料感知体验研究综述

材料感知体验不仅能提升用户与家具产品之间的情感共鸣,还深刻影响着用户对家具产品的认知和满意度,是家具产品设计中不可忽视的关键要素,但当前缺乏家具产品设计领域中对材料感知体验相关研究内容的系统分析。因此,本文基于现有文献内容,以家居产品设计为研究背景,对材料感知体验的形成与发展、层级解构、材料感知体验的研究方法及材料感知体验驱动的家具产品材料筛选方法四方面内容进行了系统的综述。经梳理分析发现:解释材料功能属性与表达感知体验间的关系尚不明确,这导致当前缺乏一种使所选材料能同时满足材料功能属性及感知体验双重需求的面向家具产品设计的材料筛选方法。最后,本文还对材料感知体验在家具设计中的未来研究方向进行了展望。

生物基阻燃剂对木家具水性漆性能影响及调控

以薄木材料为基材,通过以薄木表面生物基阻燃剂的载药量、涂刷材料、涂层顺序为条件,研究不同涂饰方式处理后木质家具材料阻燃性能和装饰效果。植酸基阻燃剂处理后木质家具材料表面不能用水性涂料进行涂饰。生物基阻燃剂涂刷薄木之后,再涂刷水性涂料会降低生物基阻燃的阻燃效果。当生物基阻燃剂的载药量大于25%时,薄木的阻燃效果良好。植酸基阻燃剂覆膜保护后涂刷于薄木表面对水性漆涂饰后薄木的装饰效果影响不大;在薄木涂刷生物基阻燃剂后,再对其涂刷聚乙烯醇溶液,最后进行水性漆涂饰,该方式的装饰效果良好,且获得的薄木氧指数接近30。结果表明:覆膜保护涂饰方式工艺简单且对环境友好,所得薄木装饰效果和阻燃性良好,生物基阻燃最佳载药量为28%。在实际生产中,可根据实际情况利用该涂饰工艺对木质家具材料进行处理。

明式家具造物思想与内涵的创新应用

明式家具是中国家具发展史上一颗璀璨明珠,在学术和商业领域颇受关注。明式家具造物思想与中国本土宗教——“道家思想”存在多重联系,是中国古代哲学和传统造物的综合发展。为进一步探求明式家具造物思想与内涵,合理承用理论指导创新实践,文章将从明代社会背景出发,结合历史、人文、艺术领域,以《道德经》《周易·系辞传》相关内容辅以论证。采用桌面调研、图像考证的方式收集资料,深刻理解明式家具在造型、材料、工艺和装饰上“隐逸高雅,对立统一,情理兼备”的丰富意蕴。从对明式家具部分的研究进行整体串联来解释和疏通其中造物内涵。通过创新实践进行理论验证,并做出综合评价,提出传统家具发展新视角。

燕几图儿童纸家具设计探析

随着国民经济的发展和国民素质的逐步提高,社会对儿童家具的需求也不断提高。除了满足日常使用外,儿童家具应具备互动性、娱乐性、教育性、环保性、成长性等作用,以改变儿童使用家具的行为习惯和主动性为出发点,激发儿童的创造性和想象力。通过对燕几图的深入研究,古典造物艺术的典型代表,创造出美观舒适、功能实用为理念下的儿童家具设计,运用了《燕几图》中的模数化设计和矩阵设计思想,将其融入儿童纸质家具设计研究中。燕几图的形制与纸质材料结合,设计出一套适合儿童使用的组合家具。将中国传统家具的造物思想与现代设计相结合,使儿童家具更加具有实用性与趣味性。

“艺工”融合应用型课程教学改革——以《家具材料与结构》课程为例

为探索新文科背景下产品设计专业课程的教学改革模式和方法来真正实现产品设计专业应用型人才培养的目标,以台州学院产品设计专业的专业技能课程《家具材料与结构》为例,通过分析家具行业所需人才特点和人才标准以及课程性质来进行课程定位,积极探索“艺工融合”的多元化教学模式创新。围绕课程内容体系重构、学生特点、课程思政要素等方面来探讨应用型课程教学模式的创新方法。从教学环境、教学资源以及师资队伍等角度总结出“艺工”融合的多元化教学保障手段。通过“艺工”融合课程教学改革与实践,有效地提高了产品设计专业应用型人才培养质量,教学效果显著提升,也为今后同类课程的教学提出了参考性的意见。

环保材料在儿童家具设计中的应用研究

本文回顾了环保材料的现状与发展,讨论了其在儿童家具中的优势,并分析了环保木材、环保涂料、竹藤等环保材料,用以帮助分析各类环保材料在儿童家具中的应用与设计,由此可以看出,如何满足儿童家具材料的环保性,以及如何对环保材料进行相应的设计,来满足不同年龄段的需求成为研究的重点,进而补足现有市场所空缺的部分。

皮革材料融入现代家具产品设计的应用

文章探讨了皮革材料在家具设计中的应用策略,包括工艺设计、美学设计和创意元素提取。研究认为,在设计实践过程中,可尝试注重工艺设计,提升皮革家具产品实用性;强调美学设计,展示皮革家具产品现代美;提取创意元素,提升皮革家具产品创新性三大维度展开,进而最大化发挥皮革材料在现代家具产品设计中的作用,引领现代家具设计行业转型升级。

Optimization of pore structure and wet tribological properties of paper-based friction materials using chemical foaming technology

Paper-based friction materials are porous materials that exhibit anisotropy;they exhibit random pore sizes and quantities during their preparation,thereby rendering the control of their pore structure difficult.Composites with different pore structures are obtained by introducing chemical foaming technology during their preparation to regulate their pore structure and investigate the effect of pore structure on the properties of paper-based friction materials.The results indicate that the skeleton density,total pore area,average pore diameter,and porosity of the materials increase after chemical foaming treatment,showing a more open pore structure.The addition of an organic chemical foaming agent improves the curing degree of the matrix significantly.Consequently,the thermal stability of the materials improves significantly,and the hardness and elastic modulus of the matrix increase by 73.7%and 49.4%,respectively.The dynamic friction coefficient increases and the wear rate is reduced considerably after optimizing the pore structure.The wear rate,in particular,decreases by 47.7%from 2.83×10^(−8) to 1.48×10^(−8)cm^(3)/J as the foaming agent content increases.Most importantly,this study provides an effective method to regulate the pore structure of wet friction materials,which is conducive to achieving the desired tribological properties.

Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture volatile organic compounds emission labeling systems:A review

The volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture is recognized as one of the main causes of bad indoor air quality,which has resulted in serious economic losses.In European countries and the U.S.,labeling systems for indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture were established to address this issue with good effect.This paper is a review of these existing labeling systems.The basic principle of the labeling systems is introduced.The technical,policy and operational parts of the labeling systems are then discussed.The research concentrates on target pollutants,their threshold values and the testing methods employed.Some problems were uncovered in these labeling systems:too many VOCs were targeted;the method to determine the threshold values was not very rigorous;the testing time was too long (7-28 d).Some China's special features in developing such system are stated.Therefore,as the world's largest national producer and consumer of wood based panels and furniture,China should learn from foreign experience of establishing labeling systems as much as it can.However China should not simply copy the foreign approaches but develop its own scientific labeling system for indoor decorating and refurbishing materials and furniture.

蒙古族传统家具的什件研究

蒙古族是具有独特、厚重、典型历史文化特征的游牧民族。蒙古族传统家具作为其文化和民间艺术的载体之一,承载着独特的文化、工艺、装饰信息。本文基于笔者团队大量详实的蒙古族传统家具实物样本调研资料为依托,提出了什件的研究概念,分类分析什件的材质,研究其结构及功能,展示什件的数字化修复成果,对挖掘和借用传统什件装饰艺术开展现代设计提出探索性思路。通过本文的研究,可为蒙古族传统家具研究体系的完善做有益的补充,更能为中国少数民族传统家具什件研究探索提供新的思路。

GREEN FURNITURE:AN ASSESSMENT OF FURNITURE SOCIETY MEMBER WORK

The Furniture Society is a member-based nonprofit organization founded in 1996.Its mission is to advance the art of furniture making by inspiring creativity,promoting excellence and fostering an understanding of this art and its place in society.By sponsoring a variety of programs that contribute to the education and enrichment of members and the public,the Furniture Society champions excel-lence,refinement,responsibility,and craftsmanship in furniture.It seems that when it comes to woodworking and working with our hands,we are inherently more connected to nature than many other occupations.I attend the Furniture Society’s annual conference every year in June.In almost every furniture maker presentation that I’ve listened to,the artist has mentioned nature as a source of inspiration.And in most encounters with fellow makers,I find that the lot genuinely tries to do good by our planet and its limited resources.Of course,the level of awareness varies among each maker,but consciousness of how we’re using resources seems to exist on at least some level.What is green furniture?There are many elements to consider when identify-ing green furniture,and I’ve listed only some of the ingredients below that respon-sible furniture makers are taking into account as they design and build.There are other elements to consider,and within the list below,one can continue to dissect each depending on the degree of responsibility a person chooses to pursue.Materials-How are materials sourced and used,and is there waste?Are they renewable,recyclable,reused or repurposed?Are they safe?Do they off-gas?Manufacturing Practices-Is the object designed well,and is it easy/efficient to manufacture?Are alternative sources of energy used during its manufacture?Use-Keep it out of the landfill!Is the object durable,useable,and/or multi-functional?What happens at the object’s end of life?Is it easily recycled or repurposed?Fair Labor-Are the folks involved in the manufacture of the object treated and paid fairly?Maybe this doesn’t apply to a one-person woodshop,but what about the laborers who made or processed the materials the furniture maker is using?Transportation-Is the object going to a local client?How are materials trans-ported to the woodshop or place of manufacture?How does the final product reach the client?Is the maker able to walk or ride a bike to work?Rather than try to place my own judgments about what’s green enough,I opted to highlight the green practices that Furniture Society members are endeav-oring.There’s always room for improvement just like there’s always more to learn.It’s my hope that this peek into what different makers,educators,and businesses are doing will inspire even better things to come.

尺寸和色彩分布情况下的家具余料再设计研究

在对家具余料进行再设计的过程中,应以余料的尺寸色彩分布规律为设计依据,以适当的再设计方法为实现路径。本文首先采用数据统计法、计算机图像处理法,对其尺寸与色彩的分布情况进行研究,得出其分布规律与影响因素;其次通过案例分析与归纳总结法得出适宜家具余料的再设计方法,最后将其规律应用在具体的实践案例之中。对于提高家具余料的附加值,丰富家具余料的再设计手法,提升家具余料的利用率有一定的指导和参考意义。

莫来石-堇青石质废窑具制备轻质隔热材料

为了规模化、高值化利用莫来石-堇青石质废窑具,以莫来石-堇青石质废窑具、黏土和铝矾土为主要原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为发泡剂,以聚乙烯醇为稳泡剂,采用发泡法制备莫来石-堇青石质轻质隔热材料,主要研究热处理温度(分别为1050、1100、1150和1200℃)对轻质隔热材料性能的影响。结果表明:1)所制备的莫来石-堇青石质隔热材料的物相组成为莫来石、堇青石、刚玉和微量方石英;2)在1150℃保温3 h制备的莫来石-堇青石质隔热材料的综合性能最佳,其热导率为0.160 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),体积密度为0.89 g·cm^(-3),显气孔率为69.7%,常温耐压强度为7.82 MPa,常温抗折强度为1.8 MPa。