Can we triumph over locally advanced cervical cancer with colossal para-aortic lymph nodes? A case report

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALNs)are common sites for the regional spread of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with cervical SCC with multiple bulky PALNs,largest measured 4.5 cm×5 cm×10 cm.The patient was treated with radical intent with definitive chemoradiation using sequential doseescalated adaptive radiotherapy,followed by maintenance chemotherapy.The patient achieved a complete response;she has been doing well since the completion of treatment with no evidence of the disease for 2 years.CONCLUSION Regardless of the size of PALN metastases of cervical carcinoma origin,it is still treatable(with radical intent)via concurrent chemoradiation.Adaptive radiotherapy allows dose escalation with minimal toxicity.

Role of D2 gastrectomy in gastric cancer with clinical para-aortic lymph node metastasis

BACKGROUND Owing to the technical difficulty of pathological diagnosis, imaging is still the most commonly used method for clinical diagnosis of para-aortic lymph node metastasis(PALM) and evaluation of therapeutic effects in gastric cancer, which leads to inevitable false-positive findings in imaging. Patients with clinical PALM may have entirely different pathological stages(stage IV or not), which require completely different treatment strategies. There is no consensus on whether surgical intervention should be implemented for this group of patients. In particular, the value of D2 gastrectomy in a multidisciplinary treatment(MDT)approach for advanced gastric cancer with clinical PALM remains unknown.AIM To investigate the value of D2 gastrectomy in a MDT approach for gastric cancer patients with clinical PALM.METHODS In this real-world study, clinico-pathological data of all gastric cancer patients treated at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2016 were reviewed to identify those with clinically enlarged PALM. All the clinico-pathological data were prospectively documented in the patient medical record. For all the gastric cancer patients with advanced stage disease,especially those with suspicious distant metastasis, the treatment methods were determined by a multidisciplinary team.RESULTS In total, 48 of 7077 primary gastric cancer patients were diagnosed as having clinical PALM without other distant metastases. All 48 patients received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. Complete or partial response was observed in 39.6%(19/48) of patients in overall and 52.1%(25/48) of patients in the primary tumor. Complete response of PALM was observed in 50.0%(24/48)of patients. After chemotherapy, 45.8%(22/48) of patients received D2 gastrectomy, and 12.5%(6/48) of patients received additional radiotherapy. The postoperative major complication rate and mortality were 27.3%(6/22) and 4.5%(1/22), respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival of all the patients were 18.9 and 12.1 mo, respectively. The median overall survival of patients who underwent surgical resection or not was 50.7 and 12.8 mo,respectively. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 47.3%,respectively, for patients who underwent D2 resection. Limited PALM and complete response of PALM after chemotherapy were identified as favorable factors for D2 gastrectomy.CONCLUSION For gastric cancer patients with radiologically suspicious PALM that responds well to chemotherapy, D2 gastrectomy could be a safe and effective treatment and should be adopted in a MDT approach for gastric cancer with clinical PALM.

CA19-9 level determines therapeutic modality in pancreatic cancer patients with para-aortic lymph node metastasis

Background: In general, para-aortic lymph node(LN16) metastasis has been considered as a contraindication for pancreatic resection. However, some pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis have been reported to survive for longer than expected after pancreatectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pancreatic cancer patients with LN16 metastasis might benefit from surgery.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 201 consecutive patients with invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at Osaka National Hospital between April 2003 and December 2012.These patients included 22 patients with LN16 metastasis who underwent an extended lymphadenectomy and 25 patients who underwent a palliative surgical biliary and gastric bypass. The clinicopathological data and outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.Results: The overall survival of the patients with LN16 metastasis was poorer than that of the LN16-negative patients(P = 0.0014). An overall survival analysis of the LN16-positive patients stratified according to the preoperative CA19-9 level showed a significant difference between patients with a low preoperative CA19-9 level(≤360 U/mL) and those with a high preoperative CA19-9 level(>360 U/mL)(P = 0.0301). No significant difference in overall survival of patients was observed between those with LN16 positivity and those who underwent bypass surgery. However, the overall survival of the LN16-positive patients with a CA19-9 level ≤360 U/mL(n = 11) was significantly higher than that of those who underwent bypass surgery(P = 0.0452).Conclusion: Surgical resection and extended lymphadenectomy remains an option for pancreatic cancer patients with LN16-positivity whose CA19-9 level is ≤360 U/mL.

Systematic review of D2 lymphadenectomy versus D2 with para-aortic nodal dissection for advanced gastric cancer

AIM:To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic effects of para-aortic nodal dissection (PAND) for advanced gastric cancer.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies comparing D2 + PAND with D2 lymphadenectomy were identified using a predefined search strategy.Five-year overall survival rate,post-operative mortality,and wound degree of surgery between the two operations were compared by using the methods provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.RESULTS:Four RCTs (1120 patients) and 4 nonrandomized studies (901 patients) were identif ied.Metaanalysis showed that there was no signif icant difference between these two groups in 5-year overall survival rate [risk ratio (RR) 1.04 (95% CI:0.93-1.16) for RCTs and 0.96 (95% CI:0.83-1.10) for non-randomized studies] and post-operative mortality [RR 0.99 (95% CI:0.44-2.24) for RCTs and 2.06 (95% CI:0.69-6.15) for non-randomized studies].There was a significant difference between these two groups in wound degree of surgery,operation time was significantly longer [weighted mean difference (WMD) 195.32 min (95% CI:114.59-276.05) for RCTs and 126.07 min (95% CI:22.09-230.04) for non-randomized studies] and blood loss was signif icantly greater [WMD 301 mL (95% CI:151.55-450.45) for RCTs and 302.86 mL (95% CI:127.89-477.84) for non-randomized studies] in D2 + PAND.CONCLUSION:D2 + PAND can be performed as safely as standard D2 resection without increasing post-operative mortality but fail to benefit overall survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Advances in para-aortic nodal dissection in gastric cancer surgery: A review of research progress over the last decade

Approximately 17%-40%of para-aortic lymph node(PAN)metastasis occurs in patients with advanced gastric cancer.As the third tier of lymphatic drainage of the stomach and the final station in front of the systemic circulation,PAN infiltration is defined as distant metastasis and plays a key role in the evaluation of the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer.Many clinical factors including tumor size≥5 cm,pT3 or pT4 depth of tumor invasion,pN2 and pN3 stages,the macroscopic type of Borrmann Ⅲ/Ⅳ,and the diffuse/mixed Lauren classification are indicators of PAN metastasis.Whether PAN dissection(PAND)should be performed on patients with or without the macroscopic PAN invasion remains unascertained,regardless of the numerous retrospective comparative studies reported on the improved prognosis over D2 alone.Another paradoxical result from many other studies showed no significant difference in the overall survival between these two lymphadenectomies.A phase Ⅱ trial launched by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group indicated that two or three courses of S-1 and cisplatin preoperatively followed by radical surgery with D2+PAND and postoperative S-1 is the current standard strategy for the treatment of patients with extensive lymph node metastasis,and this regimen could be substituted by a promising strategy with effective combination chemotherapy or suitable chemotherapy duration.This review focuses on the advances in radical gastrectomy plus PAND with or without chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Para-aortic lymph node involvement should not be a contraindication to resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Para-aortic lymph nodes(PALN)are found in the aortocaval groove and they are staged as metastatic disease if involved by pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).The data in the literature is conflicting with some studies having associated PALN involvement with poor prognosis,while others not sharing the same results.PALN resection is not included in the standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatic resections as per the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery and there is no consensus on the management of these cases.AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of PALN metastases on the oncological outcomes after resection for PDAC.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of data retrieved from a prospectively maintained database on consecutive patients undergoing pancreatectomies for PDAC where PALN was sampled between 2011 and 2020.Statistical comparison of the data between PALN+and PALN-subgroups,survival analysis with the Kaplan-Meier method and risk analysis with univariable and multivariable time to event Cox regression analysis were performed,specifically assessing oncological outcomes such as median overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).RESULTS 81 cases had PALN sampling and 17(21%)were positive.Pathological N stage was significantly different between PALN+and PALN-patients(P=0.005),while no difference was observed in any of the other characteristics.Preoperative imaging diagnosed PALN positivity in one case.OS and DFS were comparable between PALN+and PALN-patients with lymph node positive disease(OS:13.2 mo vs 18.8 mo,P=0.161;DFS:13 mo vs 16.4 mo,P=0.179).No difference in OS or DFS was identified between PALN positive and negative patients when they received chemotherapy either in the neoadjuvant or in the adjuvant setting(OS:23.4 mo vs 20.6 mo,P=0.192;DFS:23.9 mo vs 20.5 mo,P=0.718).On the contrary,when patients did not receive chemotherapy,PALN disease had substantially shorter OS(5.5 mo vs 14.2 mo;P=0.015)and DFS(4.4 mo vs 9.8 mo;P<0.001).PALN involvement was not identified as an independent predictor for OS after multivariable analysis,while it was for DFS doubling the risk of recurrence.CONCLUSION PALN involvement does not affect OS when patients complete the indicated treatment pathway for PDAC,surgery and chemotherapy,and should not be considered as a contraindication to resection.

Thoracic para-aortic lymph node recurrence in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma:A propensity score-matching analysis

BACKGROUND Thoracic para-aortic lymph node(TPLN)recurrence in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is rare and its impact on survival is unknown.We studied survival in patients with ESCC who developed TPLN recurrence.AIM To study the survival in patients with ESCC who developed TPLNs recurrence.METHODS Data were collected retrospectively for 219 patients who had undergone curative surgery for ESCC during January 2012 to November 2017 and who developed recurrences(36.29%of 604 patients who had undergone curative surgeries for ESCC).The patients were classified into positive(+)and negative(-)TPLN metastasis subgroups.We also investigated TPLN recurrence in 223 patients with ESCC following definitive chemoradiotherapy during 2012-2013.Following propensity score matching(PSM)and survival estimation,factors predictive of overall survival(OS)were explored using a Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS Among the patients with confirmed recurrence,18 were TPLN(+)and 13 developed synchronous distant metastases.Before PSM,TPLN(+)was associated with worse recurrence-free(P=0.00049)and OS[vs TPLN(-);P=0.0027],whereas only the intergroup difference in recurrence-free survival remained significant after PSM(P=0.013).The Cox analysis yielded similar results.Among the patients who had received definitive chemoradiotherapy,3(1.35%)had preoperative TPLN enlargement and none had developed recurrences.CONCLUSION TPLN metastasis is rare but may be associated with poor survival.

Effectiveness of intraoperative ultrasonography for para-aortic lymph nodes in preventing unnecessary lymphadenectomy in ovarian carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasonography (IU) for para-aortic nodes to identify women who do not require pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in ovarian carcinoma. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) was used for assessing both pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, and IU only for para-aortic nodes in 87 women with ovarian carcinoma. All women underwent surgery with routine systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. We assumed that no lymphadenectomy had been performed when no enlarged node was detected by either CT or IU or when the woman was in T1 stage. Under these assumptions, the numbers of women who would have had missed metastases and who could have avoided lymphadenectomy were counted. These figures were recounted on the combination of T stage and IU. Results: A total of 22 women had pathological node metastases. The numbers of women with missed metastases on the basis of CT, IU, and T stage were 12, 2, 5, and these who could have avoided lymphadenectomy were 72, 39, and 49, respectively. There were more women avoiding lymphadenectomy by CT than IU and T stage;however, more women with missed node metastases. Both numbers were not significantly different between IU and T stage. On the combination of T stage and IU, 29 of 49 women in T1 stage could have avoided lymphadenectomy without missed metastases. Conclusions: IU for the para-aortic node is a useful method for identifying women who do not require lymphadenectomy for T1 stage ovarian carcinoma.

Isolated Para-Aortic Nodal Recurrence in Endometrial Cancer

Aim: While cytoreductive surgery should be considered for patients with regional recurrence of endometrial cancer, the management of isolated para-aortic lymph node recurrence remains controversial. We investigated the frequency of isolated recurrence in the para-aortic lymph nodes and the effectiveness of surgery for such recurrence. Methods: A retrospectively maintained endometrial cancer database at the Cancer Institute Hospital in Japan was reviewed to identify sites of metastasis and recurrence. Results: A total of 2322 patients with endometrial cancer underwent primary treatment with systemic lymphadenectomy between 1984 and 2015. Systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed in 889 patients (Group 1), while 1433 patients underwent dissection of only the pelvic lymph nodes (Group 2). Although 16 patients (1.1%) in Group 2 had isolated para-aortic recurrences, only 3 patients (0.3%) in Group 1 had documented recurrences in the para-aortic lymph nodes (p = 0.043). Although second recurrence occurred in 30.0% of patients who underwent surgical recurrence treatment, second recurrence occurred in 77.8% of patients who underwent non-surgical recurrence treatment (p = 0.037). In addition, the overall survival rate for patients who underwent surgical recurrence treatment (80.0%) was significantly higher than that for patients who underwent non-surgical recurrence treatment (33.3%) (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Patients who underwent dissection of only the pelvic lymph nodes had a higher frequency of isolated recurrence in the para-aortic lymph nodes. In addition, a relatively good prognosis could be achieved with surgical treatment for isolated recurrence in the para-aortic lymph nodes, which was better than that achieved using non-surgical methods.

Efficacy of Para-Aortic Lymphadenectomy in Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Objective: The prognostic impact for ovarian cancer treatment of employing a systematic para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy is still poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of adding a para-aortic lymphadenectomy (PA) to the pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL), as compared with solely the pelvic lymphadenectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patient outcomes was conducted of ovarian cancer patients who underwent optimal debulking surgery, concurrent with either PA + PL or PL alone, between 2000 and 2009 at our Osaka General Medical Center. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients with ovarian cancer underwent surgery. Forty-four patients (36%) underwent optimal debulking surgery (all residual disease was 1 cm) concurrent with lymphadenectomy. Seventeen patients underwent PA + PL (PA group), and 27 patients underwent PL alone (PL group). There were no significant differences in terms of overall survival (OS;hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49;95% CI, 0.13 to 1.82;p = 0.29) and progression-free survival (PFS;HR = 0.62;95% CI, 0.19 to 2.00;p = 0.40) between the PA group and the PL group. Both OS and PFS also failed to show significant differences, even when comparing them among 26 cases of FIGO stage I cases. Conclusions: Our data failed to show any prognostic improvement for ovarian cancer by adding para-aortic lymphadenectomy to the standard pelvic lymphadenectomy regimen.

Para-aortic node involvement is not an independent predictor of survival after resection for pancreatic cancer

AIM To analyze the importance of para-aortic node status in a series of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)in a single Institution.METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2012,151patients underwent PD with para-aortic node dissection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in our Institution.Patients were divided into two groups:patients with negative PALNs(PALNs-),and patients with metastatic PALNs(PALNs+).Pathologic factors,including stage,nodal status,number of positive nodes and lymph node ratio,invasion of para-aortic nodes,tumor’s grading,and radicality of resection were studied by univariate and multivariate analysis.Survival curves were constructed with Kaplan-Meier method and compared with Log-rank test:significance was considered as P<0.05.RESULTS A total of 107 patients(74%)had nodal metastases.Median number of pathologically assessed lymph nodes was 26(range 14-63).Twenty-five patients(16.5%) had para-aortic lymph node involvement.Thirty-three patients(23%)underwent R1 pancreatic resection.Onehundred forty-one patients recurred and died for tumor recurrence,one is alive with recurrence,and 9 are alive and free of disease.Overall survival was significantly influenced by grading(P=0.0001),radicality of resection(P=0.001),stage(P=0.03),lymph node status(P=0.04),para-aortic nodes metastases(P=0.02).Multivariate analysis showed that grading was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(P=0.0001),while grading(P=0.0001)and radicality of resection(P=0.01)were prognostic parameters for disease-free survival.Number of metastatic nodes,node ratio,and para-aortic nodes involvement were not independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival.CONCLUSION In this experience,lymph node status and para-aortic node metastases were associated with poor survival at univariate analysis,but they were not independent prognostic factors.

Retroperitoneal para-aortic ectopic pregnancies:A review of reported cases

Objective:To gain insights into the diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal para-aortic ectopic pregnancies(RPEP).Methods:We conducted a review of the existing literature from the web of science,PubMed,and CNKI using the search terms"ectopic pregnancy"and'retroperitoneal."The present review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)guidelines.Results:After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we included a total of 54 relevant works,encompassing 55 cases.The studies have revealed that a history of artificial abortion,embryo transfer,salpingectomy,and uterine cavity operation,accounted for 65.5%(36/55)of the cases.Typical symptoms of RPEP include abdominal pain(43.6%,24/55)and vaginal bleeding(36.4%,20/55),with only 32.7%(18/55)of cases being asymptomatic.The most common sites of RPEP are the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava(74.5%,41/55).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of acute abdomen,diameter of the pregnancy sac,number of surgeries,and the time for postoperative hcG to normalize in different pregnant site.The most effective imaging examination for RPEP was found to be abdominal ultrasound(72.7%,40/55),and the most commonly used treatment method was laparoscopy surgery(55.3%,21/38).Conclusion:It is crucial to consider the possibility of RPEP when a pregnancy mass cannot be located during routine examinations.Expanding the scope of the scan may significantly expedite diagnosis and treatment.

Evaluation of para-aortic nodal dissection for locoregionally advanced gastric cancer with 1-3 involved para-aortic nodes

Background Prophylactic para-aortic nodal dissection （PAND） has no proven benefits for potentially curable advanced gastric cancer.However,the value of therapeutic PAND for involved para-aortic nodes （PANs） in patients with locally advanced gastric cancers has not been determined yet.Methods Between 1998 and 2010,157 gastric cancer patients with 1-3 involved PANs underwent extended D2 （D2＋） lymphadenectomy plus PAND （PAND group,n=69） or extended D2 lymphadenectomy alone （non-PAND group,n=88）.The clinicopathologic features and prognostic data were compared between the two groups.A propensity score-adjusted analysis was used for a balanced comparison.Results The rate of PAN metastasis was 40.6％ （28/69） in the PAND group.The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the PAND group than in the non-PAND group （43.7％ vs.31.8％,P=-0.044）.Compared to the non-PAND group,the death hazard ratios in the PAND group were 0.45 （95％ CI 0.274-0.739; P=0.002） and 0.536 （95％ CI 0.328-0.861; P=-0.0097） by multivariate analysis without and with propensity score adjustment respectively.Recurrence rate at 5 years was 39.1％ in the PAND group and 43.2％ in the non-PAND group （P=0.628）.Conclusion Extended D2 lymphadenectomy plus PAND is associated with superior outcomes for advanced gastric cancer patients with 1-3 involved PANs.

Clinical significance of para-aortic lymph node dissection and prognosis in ovarian cancer

Lymph node metastasis has an important effect on prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, the impact of para-aortic lymph node （PAN） removal on patient prognosis is still unclear. In this study, 80 patients were divided into groups A and B. Group A consisted of 30 patients who underwent PAN ＋ pelvic lymph node （PLN） dissection, whereas group B consisted of 50 patients who only underwent PLN dissection. Analysis of the correlation between PAN clearance and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer was conducted. Nineteen cases of lymph node metastasis were found in group A, among whom seven cases were positive for PAN, three cases for PLN, and nine cases for both PAN and PLN. In group B, 13 cases were positive for lymph node metastasis. Our study suggested that the metastatic rate of lymph node is 40.0%. Lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, and histological type both in groups A and B （P 〈 0.05）. In groups A and B, the three-year survival rates were 77.9% and 69.0%, and the five-year survival rates were 46.7% and 39.2%, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant （P 〉 0.05）. The three-year survival rates of PLN metastasis in groups A and B were 68.5% and 41.4%, and the five-year survival rates were 49.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Furthermore, PLN-positive patients who cleared PAN had significantly higher survival rate （P = 0.044）. In group A, the three-year survival rates of positive and negative lymph nodes were 43.5% and 72.7%, and the five-year survival rates were 27.2% and 58.5%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant （P= 0.048）. Cox model analysis of single factor suggested that lymph node status affected the survival rate （P 〈 0.01）, which was the death risk factor. Consequently, in ovarian carcinoma cytoreductive surgery, resection of the para-aortic lymph node, which has an important function in clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer, is necessary.

腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床疗效

目的探究在子宫内膜癌患者治疗中,采用腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术的治疗效果。方法选取三明市第一医院子宫内膜癌患者98例作为研究对象,患者收治时间为2018年4月-2021年3月,对患者进行随机分组,常规组49例,采用传统开腹,腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术,对患者进行治疗,实验组49例,将腹腔镜、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术,两者联合,对患者进行治疗,将两组患者的围术期相关指标、并发症发生情况进行对比。结果对两组患者相关指标进行统计,实验组明显优于常规组,差异明显(P<0.05)。结论在子宫内膜癌治疗中,将腹腔镜、腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术,两者联合,可以有效减少患者的术中出血量,术后排气时间以及住院时间等相关指标,还可有效增加患者淋巴结清除效果,对控制患者的并发症发生情况也具有重要帮助,临床应用价值显著,值得推广。

血浆及肿瘤组织HPV ctDNA表达水平与宫颈癌腹主动脉旁淋巴结受累、术后复发的关系

目的分析宫颈癌患者血浆及肿瘤组织中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)表达水平与腹主动脉旁淋巴结(PALN)受累、术后复发的关系。方法选取宫颈癌患者102例,根据患者是否合并腹主动脉旁淋巴结受累分为受累组(n=15例)和无受累组(n=87例),根据术后随访期间是否复发分为复发组(n=31例)和未复发组(n=71例),收集各宫颈癌患者的年龄、病理分级等资料。实验室检测患者血清及肿瘤组织中HPV ctDNA表达水平,比较不同组的宫颈癌患者血浆及肿瘤组织中HPV ctDNA表达水平,并分析其与PALN受累、术后复发的关系。结果宫颈癌患者血浆和癌组织HPV ctDNA表达水平与PALN受累、临床分期、分化程度、肌层浸润深度存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。复发组与未复发组在PALN受累、临床分期、分化程度、肌层浸润深度、血浆和癌组织HPV ctDNA表达水平比较存在显著差异(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析可知,血浆和癌组织HPV ctDNA表达诊断宫颈癌患者PALN受累的AUC分别为0.841、0.823(P<0.05),预测宫颈癌患者术后复发的AUC分别为0.759、0.735(P<0.05)。结论血浆和癌组织HPV ctDNA表达水平与宫颈癌患者PALN受累、术后复发存在显著相关性,HPV ctDNA表达水平较高的患者更易发生PALN受累和术后复发。

开腹手术与腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫内膜癌疗效及对围术期和并发症影响

目的:探讨开腹手术与腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗子宫内膜癌(EC)疗效及对围术期指标和并发症影响。方法:回顾性分析本院2018年12月-2021年12月收治的161例EC患者临床资料,按照治疗方法不同分为观察组108例(采用腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗)和对照组53例(采用开腹手术治疗),观察两组治疗后临床疗效、围术期指标、免疫功能、术后疼痛、并发症情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率(97.2%)与对照组(96.3%)无差异(P>0.05),手术出血量(53.5±9.6ml)、排气时间(45.9±5.5h)及住院时间(8.4±2.4d)均低于对照组(67.4±9.8ml、53.5±6.4h、10.5±3.4d),CD3^(+)(34.47±6.58)%、CD4/CD8(1.25±0.25)、NK(28.34±5.67)%均高于对照组(28.56%±5.27%、1.02±0.28、23.29%±4.57%);术后1d、3d、术后7d疼痛评分(5.34±1.23分、4.03±1.29分、2.02±0.37分)均低于对照组(6.45±1.25分、5.34±1.47分、3.45±1.23分),并发症总发生率(3.7%)低于对照组(15.1%)(均P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术在保持EC临床疗效基础上,降低了围术期指标,改善机体免疫功能,降低患者的疼痛感,降低并发症发生率,值得临床应用。

两种不同术式治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的临床研究

目的探讨两种不同术式治疗Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌的临床疗效。方法选取2012年2月至2016年2月本院收治的80例Ⅰ期子宫内膜癌患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。观察组予以单纯全子宫双附件切除术治疗,对照组予以全子宫双附件切除联合盆腔腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、围手术期生命质量评分及复发率。结果观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组生理、社会家庭、情感、功能评分均低于术前,且观察组生理、功能评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组社会家庭、情感评分比较差异无统计学意义。两组尿潴留、肠梗阻、下肢静脉血栓发生率比较差异无统计学意义;观察组淋巴囊肿、泌尿系感染、下肢水肿发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义。结论与全子宫双附件切除联合盆腔腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术相比,单纯全子宫双附件切除术的切除范围较小,对患者造成的损伤较小,术中出血明显减少,手术时间缩短,术后并发症发生风险降低,有助于患者术后恢复,提高其生命质量,故临床应避免过度治疗而增加手术风险。

腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫治疗子宫内膜癌的临床研究

目的 分析腹腔镜联合腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术(PAND)对子宫内膜癌(EC)患者血清肿瘤标志物及生存质量的影响。方法 选择88例EC患者,按随机数字表法将其分为开腹组(44例)、腹腔镜组(44例)。腹腔镜组采用腹腔镜联合PAND治疗,开腹组采用开腹手术治疗,观察至术后7 d。比较两组围术期指标、血清肿瘤标志物、生存质量及并发症。结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量[(56.93±10.37)ml]少于开腹组,手术时间[(65.73±8.16)min]长于开腹组,淋巴结清扫数目[(15.45±3.59)枚]多于开腹组,术后腹腔镜组癌抗原125(CA125)[(35.68±6.20)U/ml]、癌抗原199(CA199)[(36.49±6.73)U/ml]、癌胚抗原(CEA)[(15.34±3.76)ng/ml]水平低于开腹组,健康调查简表(SF-36)评分[(81.19±7.43)分]高于开腹组,腹腔镜组并发症总发生率(6.82%)低于开腹组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 腹腔镜联合PAND治疗EC淋巴结清扫更为彻底,有利于降低CA125、CA199、CEA水平,提高患者生存质量,且并发症少,临床应用安全、有效。

腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除在子宫内膜癌诊治中的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除在子宫内膜癌诊治中的应用价值及安全性、可行性。方法:选择2010年3月至2014年3月子宫内膜癌患者89例,其中,行腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除手术50例(腹腔镜组),传统开腹腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除手术39例(开腹组),比较两组围手术期情况、术中及术后并发症、预后,统计分析淋巴结转移患者临床病理特征。结果:腹腔镜组和开腹组患者在切除的淋巴结数目上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),腹腔镜组较开腹组腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除出血量少、术后病率低、术后肛门排气时间早、术后住院时间短,但切除腹主动脉旁淋巴结时间长于开腹组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组在术中腔静脉损伤、术后尿潴留、淋巴囊肿、深静脉血栓、肺动脉栓塞发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而开腹组切口裂开4例,腹腔镜组无切口裂开,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后发现盆腔和(或)腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移共8例,除术前1例患者发现脐部癌转移诊断为ⅣB期和1例患者磁共振成像提示盆腔淋巴结肿大癌转移诊断ⅢC1期与术后病理诊断相同外,其余6例分期均较术前升高。两组术后随访:开腹组复发2例,其中1例死亡;腹腔镜组复发1例后死亡,均为晚期子宫内膜癌患者。结论:腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除是子宫内膜癌规范化诊治的重要组成部分,在对子宫内膜癌患者准确分期、制定精确术后诊治方案,改善预后方面作用是肯定的,腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除手术安全可行,优于传统开腹手术。