某油田采油及集输系统存在结蜡、结垢及腐蚀现象,在原油物性分析的基础上,结合调查中存在的各种结蜡现象,分析温度、压力、溶解气及机械杂质等因素对结蜡的影响;通过结垢调查、水质分析、结垢可能性分析及结垢分析系统软件OLI Systems I...某油田采油及集输系统存在结蜡、结垢及腐蚀现象,在原油物性分析的基础上,结合调查中存在的各种结蜡现象,分析温度、压力、溶解气及机械杂质等因素对结蜡的影响;通过结垢调查、水质分析、结垢可能性分析及结垢分析系统软件OLI Systems IncScaleChem 3.1结垢预测,分析水质、温度对结垢的影响及结垢垢型。结果表明:该油田原油含蜡量高(17.09%~22.96%),析蜡点高(52.92~60.66℃),地层温度较低(40~70℃),可促进结蜡;原油开采过程中,由于油气混合物压力降低导致的大量伴生气析出吸热及环境温度降低等原因,造成原油温度降低促进结蜡,原油组分变化过程先促进而后抑制结蜡,浅部井存在的砂等机械杂质促进结蜡;该油田结垢类型为BaSO4垢,生产过程采出水温度降低,BaSO4垢结垢趋势增大,最大结垢量变化不明显,结垢趋势增大量及最大结垢量与成垢阴阳离子含量成正相关关系,不同来源的采出水水质差异大,成垢阴阳离子含量高,相互配伍性差,促进结垢;超高的Cl-含量抑制腐蚀,采出液较低的pH值、一定含量的游离CO_(2)、H2S、SRB及垢下腐蚀能够促进腐蚀。展开更多
It has been demonstrated that heat absorption method by using the inorganic material rod to cool the molten steel can significantly reduce the macrosegregation level of the large steel ingot.However,owing to the opaci...It has been demonstrated that heat absorption method by using the inorganic material rod to cool the molten steel can significantly reduce the macrosegregation level of the large steel ingot.However,owing to the opacity of the molten steel,the physical mechanism of the heat absorption method is not clear.In this work,a transparent hydraulic physical model with water and paraffin wax was built to simulate the melting and floating processes of inorganic materials in the molten steel.A mathematical simulation was also carried out to analyze the connection between the actual ingot and the physical model.Results show that it is feasible to simulate the molten steel and inorganic materials with water and paraffin wax.With the help of the physical model,the process of the melting of paraffin wax and its floating to the surface of water were clearly observed,during which the temperature of water at some characteristic positions in the mold was recorded.The visualization findings demonstrate that the melting and floating processes of paraffin wax can help to bring the heat from the center of the mold to the top surface more quickly,which reduces the superheat and significantly accelerates the cooling rate of water.The experimental results show that for the water with a certain superheat,the use of a larger mass of paraffin wax can accelerate the cooling of the water,but there is a risk of incomplete melting of the paraffin wax.A higher superheat of water will lead to a quicker melting rate for a given mass of paraffin wax,while a lower superheat leads to the incomplete melting of paraffin wax as well.展开更多
经左心注射0.25ml/kg 液体石蜡栓子(LD_(10)剂量)可以建立多发性脑梗塞大白鼠模型,形成多发性脑栓塞,并破坏学习记忆功能。动物在 T 型游泳迷宫中的学习记忆成绩下降,倾斜板实验示协调运动功能降低,体位性心率反射示心血管神经调节功能...经左心注射0.25ml/kg 液体石蜡栓子(LD_(10)剂量)可以建立多发性脑梗塞大白鼠模型,形成多发性脑栓塞,并破坏学习记忆功能。动物在 T 型游泳迷宫中的学习记忆成绩下降,倾斜板实验示协调运动功能降低,体位性心率反射示心血管神经调节功能减退,脑比重下降,脑组织 K^+/Na^+比值下降。大白鼠心、肝、肾无明显栓塞表现。长寿灵和尼莫地平有防治多发性脑梗塞性痴呆的疗效,能改善学习记忆功能和协调运动功能的减退,在左心注射 LD_(90)剂量液体石蜡栓子(1.00ml/kg)的大白鼠中长寿灵能降低缺血急性期的病死率。展开更多
The variation of iinterfacial tension with temperature of two different systems, water-oil (liquid paraffin, C18H38, solution of solid paraffin)and silicone oil-vegetable oil was determined and the factors that influe...The variation of iinterfacial tension with temperature of two different systems, water-oil (liquid paraffin, C18H38, solution of solid paraffin)and silicone oil-vegetable oil was determined and the factors that influence the variation of the shape of the relation curves were examined.It is found that the presence of minute amount of surface active impurity was the main cause of the shape variation of the relation curves. The shape variation was eliminated by adsorptive agent.Therefore, it is important to insure purity of the experimental system in order to obtain reliable results on the study of thermocapillary flow caused by interfacial tension.展开更多
文摘某油田采油及集输系统存在结蜡、结垢及腐蚀现象,在原油物性分析的基础上,结合调查中存在的各种结蜡现象,分析温度、压力、溶解气及机械杂质等因素对结蜡的影响;通过结垢调查、水质分析、结垢可能性分析及结垢分析系统软件OLI Systems IncScaleChem 3.1结垢预测,分析水质、温度对结垢的影响及结垢垢型。结果表明:该油田原油含蜡量高(17.09%~22.96%),析蜡点高(52.92~60.66℃),地层温度较低(40~70℃),可促进结蜡;原油开采过程中,由于油气混合物压力降低导致的大量伴生气析出吸热及环境温度降低等原因,造成原油温度降低促进结蜡,原油组分变化过程先促进而后抑制结蜡,浅部井存在的砂等机械杂质促进结蜡;该油田结垢类型为BaSO4垢,生产过程采出水温度降低,BaSO4垢结垢趋势增大,最大结垢量变化不明显,结垢趋势增大量及最大结垢量与成垢阴阳离子含量成正相关关系,不同来源的采出水水质差异大,成垢阴阳离子含量高,相互配伍性差,促进结垢;超高的Cl-含量抑制腐蚀,采出液较低的pH值、一定含量的游离CO_(2)、H2S、SRB及垢下腐蚀能够促进腐蚀。
基金supported by Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program of China(No.2021166)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Nos.20QA1403800 and 21QC1401500)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.21511103600).
文摘It has been demonstrated that heat absorption method by using the inorganic material rod to cool the molten steel can significantly reduce the macrosegregation level of the large steel ingot.However,owing to the opacity of the molten steel,the physical mechanism of the heat absorption method is not clear.In this work,a transparent hydraulic physical model with water and paraffin wax was built to simulate the melting and floating processes of inorganic materials in the molten steel.A mathematical simulation was also carried out to analyze the connection between the actual ingot and the physical model.Results show that it is feasible to simulate the molten steel and inorganic materials with water and paraffin wax.With the help of the physical model,the process of the melting of paraffin wax and its floating to the surface of water were clearly observed,during which the temperature of water at some characteristic positions in the mold was recorded.The visualization findings demonstrate that the melting and floating processes of paraffin wax can help to bring the heat from the center of the mold to the top surface more quickly,which reduces the superheat and significantly accelerates the cooling rate of water.The experimental results show that for the water with a certain superheat,the use of a larger mass of paraffin wax can accelerate the cooling of the water,but there is a risk of incomplete melting of the paraffin wax.A higher superheat of water will lead to a quicker melting rate for a given mass of paraffin wax,while a lower superheat leads to the incomplete melting of paraffin wax as well.
文摘The variation of iinterfacial tension with temperature of two different systems, water-oil (liquid paraffin, C18H38, solution of solid paraffin)and silicone oil-vegetable oil was determined and the factors that influence the variation of the shape of the relation curves were examined.It is found that the presence of minute amount of surface active impurity was the main cause of the shape variation of the relation curves. The shape variation was eliminated by adsorptive agent.Therefore, it is important to insure purity of the experimental system in order to obtain reliable results on the study of thermocapillary flow caused by interfacial tension.
