Neonatal tachypnea caused by diaphragmatic paralysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic paralysis is typically associated with phrenic nerve injury.Neonatal diaphragmatic paralysis diagnosis is easily missed because its manifestations are variable and usually nonspecific.CASE SUMMARY We report a 39-week-old newborn delivered via vaginal forceps who presented with tachypnea but without showing other birth-trauma-related manifestations.The infant was initially diagnosed with pneumonia.However,the newborn still exhibited tachypnea despite effective antibiotic treatment.Chest radiography revealed right diaphragmatic elevation.M-mode ultrasonography revealed decreased movement of the right diaphragm.The infant was subsequently diagnosed with diaphragmatic paralysis.After 4 weeks,tachypnea improved.Upon re-examination using M-mode ultrasonography,the difference in bilateral diaphragmatic muscle movement was smaller than before.CONCLUSION Appropriate use of M-mode ultrasound to quantify diaphragmatic excursions could facilitate timely diagnosis and provide objective evaluation.

Peripheral Facial Paralysis in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Introduction: Peripheral facial palsy (PFP) is a frequent reason for ENT consultations. It is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and to establish the correlation between PFP and HIV in our context. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT and CFS department of the HIAOBO, covering the medical records of patients hospitalized for taking a PFP on HIV terrain from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: The study involved 17 patients, 10 men (59%) and 7 women (41%), a sex ratio of 1.4. The average age was 39 years with the extremes of 11 and 69 years. Shopkeepers reported 9 cases (53%). The reason for consultation was facial asymmetry in 11 cases (100%). The delay in consultation during the first week was 82.4%. Clinical signs were unilateral facial asymmetry, the opening of the palpebral fissure and lacrimation. All patients received medical treatment for PFP and HIV. Evolution was favorable, with complete recovery and no sequelae in 82.4% of cases. Surgery was performed in one case. Conclusion: PFPs are common in HIV infection. Diagnosis is clinical and management is multidisciplinary. Progression depends on the length of time taken to treat the disease.

Drosophila models used to simulate human ATP1A1 gene mutations that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease and refractory seizures

Certain amino acids changes in the human Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase pump,ATPase Na^(+)/K^(+)transporting subunit alpha 1(ATP1A1),cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2(CMT2)disease and refractory seizures.To develop in vivo models to study the role of Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase in these diseases,we modified the Drosophila gene homolog,Atpα,to mimic the human ATP1A1 gene mutations that cause CMT2.Mutations located within the helical linker region of human ATP1A1(I592T,A597T,P600T,and D601F)were simultaneously introduced into endogenous Drosophila Atpαby CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing,generating the Atpα^(TTTF)model.In addition,the same strategy was used to generate the corresponding single point mutations in flies(Atpα^(I571T),Atpα^(A576T),Atpα^(P579T),and Atpα^(D580F)).Moreover,a deletion mutation(Atpα^(mut))that causes premature termination of translation was generated as a positive control.Of these alleles,we found two that could be maintained as homozygotes(Atpα^(I571T)and Atpα^(P579T)).Three alleles(Atpα^(A576T),Atpα^(P579)and Atpα^(D580F))can form heterozygotes with the Atpαmut allele.We found that the Atpαallele carrying these CMT2-associated mutations showed differential phenotypes in Drosophila.Flies heterozygous for Atpα^(TTTF)mutations have motor performance defects,a reduced lifespan,seizures,and an abnormal neuronal morphology.These Drosophila models will provide a new platform for studying the function and regulation of the sodium-potassium pump.

Carboplatin restores neuronal toxicity in FUS-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),also known as Lou Geh rig's disease,is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.This leads to muscle weakness,paralysis,and ultimately,respiratory failure(Cha and Kim,2022).

Spinal cord injury regenerative therapy development:integration of design of experiments

Spinal cord injury(SCI)can cause motor and sensory paralysis,and autonomic nervous system disorders including malfunction of urination and defecation,thereby significantly impairing the quality of life.Researchers continue to explo re new stem cell strategies for the treatment of paralysis by transpla nting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural ste m/progenitor cells(hiPSCNS/PCs)into spinal cord injured tissues.

Disruption of neuronal actin barrier promotes the entry of disease-implicated proteins to exacerbate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a devastating neurological disease characterized by the accumulation of aberrant proteins in motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord.Patients with ALS develop skeletal muscle weakness,resulting in death from respiratory paralysis,which usually occurs 2-4 years after clinical onset(Goutman et al.,2022).

Progress of CACNA1S Gene and Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis

CACNA1 S gene is the gene encoding L-type calcium channel αa-subunit. CACNA1 S gene mutations can cause hypokalemic periodic pa- ralysis （HOKPP）. The related research speculated that CACNA1 S gene was the candidate genes which affect meat quality traits. In the present ar- ticle, the biological characteristics of CACNA1 S gene, structure, genetic diseases and the research development were respectively reviewed so as to provide a reference for further research.

Bilateral Peripheral Facial Paralysis Combined with HIV Meningitis During Acute HIV-1 Infection: A Case Report

Here we reported a Chinese case of bilateral peripheral facial paralysis(PFP) in human immunodeficiency virusc(HIV) infected population. A 38-year-old homosexual male patient was referred to our hospital for bilateral facial paralysis. 21 days prior to admission he had developed high fever, chills, headache, fatigue, general malaise, nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination revealed bilateral ptosis of lower lip and cheeks, as well as failure of bilateral eyes closure. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) revealed pleocytosis, a marked rise of micro total protein and a marked rise of intrathecal lgG synthesis. The result of HIV-1 serology was positive by ELISA and that was confirmed by western blot. His CD4^+ cell count was 180 cells/mm^3. HIV-1 viral load in CSF was almost 10 times higher than that in plasma. The patient's condition improved steadily and experienced complete resolution of bilateral PFP after 2 months.

Clinical and neuroimaging features of enterovirus71 related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-foot-mouth disease

Objective:To investigate clinical and neuroimaging features of enterovirus71(EV71) related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-fool-mouth disease.Methods:Nine patients with acute flaccid paralysis met the criterion of EV71 induced hand-foot-mouth disease underwent spinal and brain MR imaging from May 2008 to Sep 2012.Results:One extremity flaccid was found in four cases(3 with lower limb,1 with upper limb),two limbs flaccid in three cases(2 with lower limbs,1 with upper limbs),and four limbs flaccid in two cases.Spinal MRI studies showed lesion with high signal in T2-weighted images(T2WI) and low signal T1-weighted images(T1WI) in the spinal cord of all nine cases,and the lesions were mainly in bilateral and unilateral anterior hom of cervical spinal cord and spinal cord below thoracic 9(T9) level.In addition,the midbrain,pons, and medulla,which were involved in 3 cases with brainstem encephalitis,demonstrated abnormal signal.Moreover,spinal cord contrast MRI studies showed mild enhancement in corresponding anterior hom of the involved side,and strong enhancement in its ventral root.Conclusions: EV71 related acute flaccid paralysis in patients with hand-foot-mouth disease mainly affected the anterior hom regions and ventral root of cervical spinal cord and spinal cord below T9 level. MR imaging could efficiendy show the characteristic pattern and extent of the lesions which correlated well with the clinical features.

REVIEW ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS DURING THE PAST DECADE

Facial paralysis or Bell’s palsy is acommon disease that frequently attacksadults aged 20--40 years, especially women.According to traditional Chinese medicine,the pathogenesis is believed to be due to in-vasion of the channels and collaterals

Literature study on clinical treatment of facial paralysis in the last 20 years using Web of Science Comparison between rehabilitation, physiotherapy and acupuncture

BACKGROUND： Facial paralysis is defined as severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. OBJECTIVE： The study was undertaken to explore a bibliometric approach to quantitatively assess the research on clinical treatment of facial paralysis using rehabilitation, physiotherapy and acupuncture using Web of Science from 1992 to 2011. DESIGN： Bibliometric approach. DATA RETRIEVAL： A bibliometric analysis based on the publications on Web of Science was performed using key words such as ＂facial paralysis＂, ＂rehabilitation＂, ＂physiotherapy＂ and ＂acupuncture＂. INCLUSIVE CRITERIA： （1） Research articles on the clinical treatment of facial paralysis using acupuncture or physiotherapy （e.g. exercise, electro-stimulation） and other rehabilitation methods; （2） researches on human and animal fundamentals, clinical trials and case reports; （3） Article types： article, review, proceedings paper, note, letter, editorial material, discussion, book chapter. （4） Publication year： 1992-2011 inclusive. Exclusion criteria： （1）Articles on the causes and diagnosis on facial paralysis; （2） Type of articles： correction; （3） Articles from following databases： all databases related to social science and chemical databases in Web of Science. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Overall number of publications; （2） number of publications annually; （3） number of citations received annually; （4） top cited paper; （5） subject categories of publication; （6） the number of countries in which the article is published; （7） distribution of output in journals. RESULTS： Overall population stands at 3 543 research articles addressing the clinical treatment of facial paralysis in Web of Science during the study period. There is also a markedly increase in the number of publications on the subject ＂facial paralysis treatments using rehabilitation＂ during the first decade of the 21 st century, except in 2004 and 2006 when there are perceptible drops in the number of articles published. The only other year during the study period saw such a drop is 1993. Specifically, there are 192 published articles on facial paralysis treated by rehabilitation in the past two decades, far more than the output of physiotherapy treatment. Physiotherapy treatment scored only 25 articles including acupuncture treatment, with over 80% of these written by Chinese researchers and clinicians. Ranked by regions, USA is by far the most productive country in terms of the number of publications on facial paralysis rehabilitation and physiotherapy research. Seeing from another angle, the journals that focus on otolaryngology published the most number of articles in rehabilitation and physiotherapy studies, whereas most acupuncture studies on facial paralysis were published in the alternative and complementary medicine joumals. CONCLUSION： Study of facial paralysis remains an area of active investigation and innovation. Further clinical studies in humans addressing the use of growth factors or stem cells continue to successful facial nerve regeneration.

Rhabdomyolysis following severe hypokalemia caused by familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Rhabdomyolysis continues to appear with increasing frequency and represents a medical emergency requiring rapid appropriate treatment. One of the unusual causes of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis is hypokalemic periodic paralysis without secondary causes. Primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare genetic disease characterized by episodic attacks of muscle weakness due to decreases in serum potassium. A 30-year-old woman who had 3 episodic attacks of hypokalemic periodic paralysis was admitted in emergency room with sudden onset symmetrical muscle weakness. After several hours, she started to complain myalgia and severe ache in both calves without any changes. Laboratory test showed markedly elevated creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase levels with hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis resulting from hypokalemia was diagnosed. Here, we report an unusual case of rhabdomyolysis caused by severe hypokalemia, which was suggested a result of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Facial nerve paralysis in children

Facial nerve palsy is a condition with several implications, particularly when occurring in childhood. It represents a serious clinical problem as it causes significant concerns in doctors because of its etiology, its treatment options and its outcome, as well as in little patients and their parents, because of functional and aesthetic outcomes. There are several described causes of facial nerve paralysis in children, as it can be congenital(due to delivery traumas and genetic or malformative diseases) or acquired(due to infective,inflammatory, neoplastic, traumatic or iatrogenic causes). Nonetheless, in approximately 40%-75% of the cases, the cause of unilateral facial paralysis still remains idiopathic. A careful diagnostic workout and differential diagnosis are particularly recommended in case of pediatric facial nerve palsy, in order to establish the most appropriate treatment, as the therapeutic approach differs in relation to the etiology.

A SURVEY OF ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT FOR PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS

Peripheral facial paralysis,a commondisease referring mainly to Bell’s palsy,iscaused by peripheral nerve malfunction dueto the effect of cold and wind,the exactcause of which still remains unascertained.

80 CASES OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE WITH VIBRATING SHALLOW INSERTION

Eighty cases of peripheral facial paralysis were treated by acupuncture with vibrating shallow insertion. The total effective rate was 98.75% and cure rate 88.75%. There was no significant difference in therapeutic effect as compared with the conventional electroacupuncture method (P > 0.5), suggesting that shallow puncture by vibratings can also yield satisfactory therapeutic results.

An Experimental Study on the Optimal Timing for the Repair of Incomplete Facial Paralysis by Hypoglossal-facial‘Side'-to-side Neurorrhaphy in Rats

Objective To investigate the optimal timing for the repair of persistent incomplete facial paralysis by hypoglossal-facial ‘side＇-to-side neurorrhaphy in rats. Methods A total of 30 adult rats with crushed and bulldog-clamped facial nerve injury were randomly divided into 5 groups（n = 6 each） that were subjected to injury without nerve repair or with immediate repair, 2-week-delayed repair, 4-week-delayed repair, or 8-week-delayed repair. Three months later, the effects of repair in each rat were evaluated by facial symmetry assessment, electrophysiological examination, retrograde labeling, and axon regeneration measurement. Results At 3 months after injury, the alpha angle significantly increased in the group of rats with 4-week-delayed repair compared with the other four groups. Upon stimulation of the facial nerve or Pre degenerated nerve, the muscle action potentials MAPs were recorded in the whisker pad muscle, and the MAP amplitude and area under the curve in the 4-week-delayed repair group were significantly augmented at 3 months post-injury. Similarly, the number of retrograde-labeled motor neurons in the facial and hypoglossal nuclei was quantified to be significantly greater in the 4-week-delayed repair group than in the other groups, and a large number of regenerated axons was also observed. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that hemi HN-FN neurorrhaphy performed 4 weeks after facial nerve injury was most effective in terms of the functional recovery of axonal regeneration and activation of facial muscles.

ELECTRIC NEEDLE THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS

From 1986 to 1995, the author treated 60 cases of peripheral facial paralysis, of which 50 cases were treated with electric needles and 10 cases in the control group with filiform needles.

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS AIDED BY INFRA-RED THERMOGRAPHY—A Preliminary Report

We have carried out clinical observations on 34 patients with peripheral facial paralysis treatedby acupuncture therapy prescribed according to selection of treatment regimen on the basis of fa-cial thermogram and temperature.A comparison was made with a control group of 97 patientswho received conventional acupuncture therapy only.It was found that 1)The cure rate in thegroup of selecting acupoints by thermorgram(hereinafter referred to as the thermography-aidedtreatment group)was 67.65%,with a marked improvement rate of 26.40%;while the cure rateof the conventional acupuncture treatment group(hereinafter called the conventional treatmentgroup)was 46.39%,the marked improvement rate being 29.90%,indicating a significant differ-ence in therapeutic efficacy between the two groups(P【0.02).2)The average duration ofacupuncture therapy for the thermography aided treatment group was 6.02 weeks,whereas thatfor the conventional treatment group,24 weeks.There was also a significant difference betweenthe two groups(P【0.01).And 3)During the entire therapeutic course,25.2 sessions of treatmentwere given on the average in the thermography-aided treatment group,and 78.8 sessions in theconventional treatment group,showing a very significant difference(P【0.001).The present thermography-aided method exhibits advantages over the conventional one in en-hancing the cure rate and shortening the duration of treatment,which is worthy to be popularizedin clinical practice.And it is also of certain significance in standardization and-scientification ofacupuncture therapy.

25 CASES OF CYSTOPARALYSIS FOLLOWING GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY TREATED WITH HERBAL DRUGS AND ACUPUNCTURE

Twenty-five cases of urinary retention following surgery of uterine corpus and cervical carcinoma were treated successfully in an average 4 days with the modified Buzhong Yiqi Tang and acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (Sp 6) and Yinlingquan (Sp 9).

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT FACIAL PARALYSIS

Persistent facial paralysis is present after failure of six months’ treatment of peripheral facial paralysis, with sequelae such as deviation of the mouth and eye. Since 1983, the intermittent lifting and the uniform reinforcing-reducing methods have been applied for comparison in the treatment of 310 cases of persistent facial paralysis, with satisfactory results reported as follows.