An Efficient Accurate Direct Solution of Poisson's Equation for Computation of Meteorological Parameters

Poisson's equation is solved numerically by two direct methods, viz. Block Cyclic Reduction (BCR) method and Fourier Method. Qualitative and quantitative comparison between the numerical solutions obtained by two methods indicates that BCR method is superior to Fourier method in terms of speed and accuracy. Therefore. BCR method is applied to solve (?)2(?)= ζ and (?)2X= D from observed vorticity and divergent values. Thereafter the rotational and divergent components of the horizontal monsoon wind in the lower troposphere are reconstructed and are com pared with the results obtained by Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) method as this indirect method is generally in more use for obtaining the streamfunction ((?)) and velocity potential (X) fields in NWP models. It is found that the results of BCR method are more reliable than SOR method.

Second-order sensitivity of eigenpairs in multiple parameter structures

This paper presents methods for computing a second-order sensitivity matrix and the Hessian matrix of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of multiple parameter structures. Second-order perturbations of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are transformed into multiple parameter forms,and the second-order perturbation sensitivity matrices of eigenvalues and eigenvectors are developed.With these formulations,the efficient methods based on the second-order Taylor expansion and second-order perturbation are obtained to estimate changes of eigenvalues and eigenvectors when the design parameters are changed. The presented method avoids direct differential operation,and thus reduces difficulty for computing the second-order sensitivity matrices of eigenpairs.A numerical example is given to demonstrate application and accuracy of the proposed method.

An IDDES study of the near-wake flow topology of a simplified heavy vehicle

The complex wake flow of a GTS(ground transportation system)model contributes to large percentage of the aerodynamic drag force.Therefore,predicting accurate wake flow will help carry out the drag reduction strategies.In this paper,the near-wake flow topology of the GTS was studied at Re=2.7×104 to assess the capability of a hybrid RANS/LES(Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large eddy simulation)approach,known as IDDES(improved delayed detached eddy simulation).The current study also aims to understand the effects of different computational parameters,e.g.the spatial resolution,time step,residual level,discretization scheme and turbulence model,on this asymmetrical wake flow configuration.A comparison of IDDES with previous water channel tests,wellresolved LES,partially averaged Navier–Stokes and URANS(unsteady RANS)was included to better understand the benefits of this hybrid RANS/LES approach.The results show that on the medium and fine grids,the IDDES produces an asymmetrical flow topology(known as flow state I)in the near-wake of the vertical midplane,as reported in previous studies.The recommended parameters for the time step(1×10^(–4 )s)and residual level(1×10^(–4))provide sufficient accuracy of wake predictions to show good agreement with experiments.For the convective term of the momentum equation in IDDES,the bounded central difference discretization scheme is proposed to be adopted for discretization.Additionally,URANS cannot accurately capture this asymmetrical flow field.IDDES proves to be capable of predicting thewake flowfield of this simplified heavy vehicle with high accuracy.All obtained conclusions can provide references for the aerodynamic drag reduction of the GTS.