Objective This study aimed to explore the association between periconceptional fish consumption by parents and autism spectrum disorder （ASD） and intelligence deficiency （ID）. Methods A case-control study was cond...Objective This study aimed to explore the association between periconceptional fish consumption by parents and autism spectrum disorder （ASD） and intelligence deficiency （ID）. Methods A case-control study was conducted through a questionnaire with 108 ASD cases, 79 ID cases, and 108 controls. The ASD and ID cases were students from special educational schools in Tianjin from 2012 to 2014. The age- and sex-matched controls were from a high school, three primary schools, and a kindergarten in Tianjin. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results Paternal habit of eating hairtail before fertilization, maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy, and maternal habit of eating grass carp during pregnancy were preventive factors for ASD. Paternal habit of drinking alcohol before fertilization was a risk factor for ID, whereas maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy and maternal habit of eating crucian carp during pregnancy were protective factors for ID. Conclusion Parental fish consumption is beneficial for the prevention of ASD and ID. Meanwhile, the protective effects of fish consumption on ASD and ID differ. More attention should be paid to the combined effect of other food when eating fish.展开更多
通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察,确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程.条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性,卵径为0.90～0.95 mm, 油球1个,卵裂为盘状卵裂.在水温23～24℃,盐度26～28的条件下,受精后7 h 10 min,胚胎发育至原肠期;...通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察,确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程.条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性,卵径为0.90～0.95 mm, 油球1个,卵裂为盘状卵裂.在水温23～24℃,盐度26～28的条件下,受精后7 h 10 min,胚胎发育至原肠期;受精后12 h,眼囊形成;受精后20 h 30 min,心跳开始搏动;受精后26 h 30 min,仔鱼孵出.初孵仔鱼全长1.78～2.03 mm,至5日龄全长3.25～3.30 mm时,卵黄囊完全消失;至8～15日龄,全长3.50～4.97 mm时,鳔形成;至18～20日龄,全长7.10～7.31 mm时,尾鳍鳍条发育完整.展开更多
亲代抚育行为(parental care behavior)是指动物对其后代或其亲缘后代提供保护和养育的所有活动,属于本能行为的一种,广泛存在于动物界之中。鱼类在其为数不多的科中充分发展了几乎所有类型的亲代抚育行为,因而成为研究该行为的最佳物...亲代抚育行为(parental care behavior)是指动物对其后代或其亲缘后代提供保护和养育的所有活动,属于本能行为的一种,广泛存在于动物界之中。鱼类在其为数不多的科中充分发展了几乎所有类型的亲代抚育行为,因而成为研究该行为的最佳物种之一。随着威廉斯原理(Williams's Principle)的提出和应用,人们对鱼类亲代抚育行为的探索逐步由定性向定量发展,普遍认同了在鱼类进化中,雄性抚育模式得以占据支配地位的缘由并非是因为雄性在抚育活动中获得了较多的利益,而是由于在获取相同利益时雄性损失的未来投资成本较雌性低的观点。近年来的研究证实,在亲代抚育过程中存在着某种动态调整机制,其中四个比较关键的影响因素分别为:亲本所抚育的子代数量、亲本先前的投资、亲本与被抚育子代间的遗传关联度和亲本未来的交配机会。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81072313&81673200)
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the association between periconceptional fish consumption by parents and autism spectrum disorder （ASD） and intelligence deficiency （ID）. Methods A case-control study was conducted through a questionnaire with 108 ASD cases, 79 ID cases, and 108 controls. The ASD and ID cases were students from special educational schools in Tianjin from 2012 to 2014. The age- and sex-matched controls were from a high school, three primary schools, and a kindergarten in Tianjin. Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Results Paternal habit of eating hairtail before fertilization, maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy, and maternal habit of eating grass carp during pregnancy were preventive factors for ASD. Paternal habit of drinking alcohol before fertilization was a risk factor for ID, whereas maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy and maternal habit of eating crucian carp during pregnancy were protective factors for ID. Conclusion Parental fish consumption is beneficial for the prevention of ASD and ID. Meanwhile, the protective effects of fish consumption on ASD and ID differ. More attention should be paid to the combined effect of other food when eating fish.
文摘通过对条石鲷胚胎发育和仔鱼发育形态的观察,确定了条石鲷早期发育的进程.条石鲷的受精卵为圆球形、透明、浮性,卵径为0.90～0.95 mm, 油球1个,卵裂为盘状卵裂.在水温23～24℃,盐度26～28的条件下,受精后7 h 10 min,胚胎发育至原肠期;受精后12 h,眼囊形成;受精后20 h 30 min,心跳开始搏动;受精后26 h 30 min,仔鱼孵出.初孵仔鱼全长1.78～2.03 mm,至5日龄全长3.25～3.30 mm时,卵黄囊完全消失;至8～15日龄,全长3.50～4.97 mm时,鳔形成;至18～20日龄,全长7.10～7.31 mm时,尾鳍鳍条发育完整.
文摘亲代抚育行为(parental care behavior)是指动物对其后代或其亲缘后代提供保护和养育的所有活动,属于本能行为的一种,广泛存在于动物界之中。鱼类在其为数不多的科中充分发展了几乎所有类型的亲代抚育行为,因而成为研究该行为的最佳物种之一。随着威廉斯原理(Williams's Principle)的提出和应用,人们对鱼类亲代抚育行为的探索逐步由定性向定量发展,普遍认同了在鱼类进化中,雄性抚育模式得以占据支配地位的缘由并非是因为雄性在抚育活动中获得了较多的利益,而是由于在获取相同利益时雄性损失的未来投资成本较雌性低的观点。近年来的研究证实,在亲代抚育过程中存在着某种动态调整机制,其中四个比较关键的影响因素分别为:亲本所抚育的子代数量、亲本先前的投资、亲本与被抚育子代间的遗传关联度和亲本未来的交配机会。
