Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in J...Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in Japan would experience particularly high levels of parenting stress and difficulty because they had to leave the environment in which they were born and raised in a different language and culture. Objective: The objective is to identify the actual situation and related factors of parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan. Methods: From July to October 2021, an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was administered to the mothers of children aged 6 months to 5 years, and the data from 93 mothers were statistically analyzed. Results: Mothers in the study had one (45.2%) or two (45.2%) children in their care, and 23.7% of the mothers’ husbands were Japanese. The average score of total PSI-SF-15 of the mothers in this study was slightly higher than that of mothers raising children in China. Additionally, “I think it is a shame not to practice Chinese customs”, “I feel that Chinese customs are not respected”, “the number of children with diagnosed diseases”, “Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) total score” and “father’s nationality” influenced the parenting stress of the mothers in this study. Conclusion: In order to reduce parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan, it is necessary to respect and support the practice of Chinese customs, create an environment in which it is easy to discuss children’s illnesses, and educate mothers to promote the use of social support.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common problem in women in childbearing years due to burdens of motherhood and building a family.Few studies estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression compared to those in the postpar...BACKGROUND Depression is a common problem in women in childbearing years due to burdens of motherhood and building a family.Few studies estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression compared to those in the postpartum period.AIM To estimate the prevalence and the severities of peripartum depression and major depressive disorder and their predictors.METHODS This is a longitudinal observation study.It included 200 women scoring≥13 with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale,indicating presence of symptoms of depression.They had a gestational age of≥6 wk and did follow-ups until the 10^(th) week to 12^(th) weeks postpartum.Information of women's reactions to life circumstances and stressors during the current pregnancy were gathered from answers to questions of the designed unstructured clinical questionnaire.Severities of depression,anxiety,and parenting stress were determined by the Beck Depression Inventory,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults,and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form,respectively.Psychiatric interviewing was done to confirm the diagnosis of major depression.Measuring the levels of triiodothronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)was done in both antepartum and postpartum periods.RESULTS Out of 968(mean age=27.35±6.42 years),20.66%(n=200)of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44%had major depression.Previous premenstrual dysphoria,post-abortive depression,and depression unrelated to pregnancy and were reported in 43%,8%,and 4.5%of the patients,respectively.Psychosocial stressors were reported in 15.5%of the patients.Antepartum anxiety and parenting stress were reported in 90.5%and 65%of the patients,respectively.Postpartum T3,T4,and TSH levels did not significantly differ from reference values.Regression analysis showed that anxiety trait was a predictor for antepartum(standardized regression coefficients=0.514,t=8.507,P=0.001)and postpartum(standardized regression coefficients=0.573,t=0.040,P=0.041)depression.Antepartum depression(standardized regression coefficients=-0.086,t=-2.750,P=0.007),and parenting stress(standardized regression coefficients=0.080,t=14.34,P=0.0001)were also predictors for postpartum depression.CONCLUSION Results showed that 20.66%of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44%had major depression.Anxiety was a predictor for antepartum and postpartum depression.Antepartum depression and parenting stress were also predictors for postpartum depression.展开更多
文摘Background: Parenting stress causes physical and psychological problems for mothers during child-rearing and negatively impacts the growth and development of their children. We assumed that Chinese mothers living in Japan would experience particularly high levels of parenting stress and difficulty because they had to leave the environment in which they were born and raised in a different language and culture. Objective: The objective is to identify the actual situation and related factors of parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan. Methods: From July to October 2021, an online, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was administered to the mothers of children aged 6 months to 5 years, and the data from 93 mothers were statistically analyzed. Results: Mothers in the study had one (45.2%) or two (45.2%) children in their care, and 23.7% of the mothers’ husbands were Japanese. The average score of total PSI-SF-15 of the mothers in this study was slightly higher than that of mothers raising children in China. Additionally, “I think it is a shame not to practice Chinese customs”, “I feel that Chinese customs are not respected”, “the number of children with diagnosed diseases”, “Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) total score” and “father’s nationality” influenced the parenting stress of the mothers in this study. Conclusion: In order to reduce parenting stress among Chinese mothers in Japan, it is necessary to respect and support the practice of Chinese customs, create an environment in which it is easy to discuss children’s illnesses, and educate mothers to promote the use of social support.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common problem in women in childbearing years due to burdens of motherhood and building a family.Few studies estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression compared to those in the postpartum period.AIM To estimate the prevalence and the severities of peripartum depression and major depressive disorder and their predictors.METHODS This is a longitudinal observation study.It included 200 women scoring≥13 with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale,indicating presence of symptoms of depression.They had a gestational age of≥6 wk and did follow-ups until the 10^(th) week to 12^(th) weeks postpartum.Information of women's reactions to life circumstances and stressors during the current pregnancy were gathered from answers to questions of the designed unstructured clinical questionnaire.Severities of depression,anxiety,and parenting stress were determined by the Beck Depression Inventory,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults,and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form,respectively.Psychiatric interviewing was done to confirm the diagnosis of major depression.Measuring the levels of triiodothronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)was done in both antepartum and postpartum periods.RESULTS Out of 968(mean age=27.35±6.42 years),20.66%(n=200)of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44%had major depression.Previous premenstrual dysphoria,post-abortive depression,and depression unrelated to pregnancy and were reported in 43%,8%,and 4.5%of the patients,respectively.Psychosocial stressors were reported in 15.5%of the patients.Antepartum anxiety and parenting stress were reported in 90.5%and 65%of the patients,respectively.Postpartum T3,T4,and TSH levels did not significantly differ from reference values.Regression analysis showed that anxiety trait was a predictor for antepartum(standardized regression coefficients=0.514,t=8.507,P=0.001)and postpartum(standardized regression coefficients=0.573,t=0.040,P=0.041)depression.Antepartum depression(standardized regression coefficients=-0.086,t=-2.750,P=0.007),and parenting stress(standardized regression coefficients=0.080,t=14.34,P=0.0001)were also predictors for postpartum depression.CONCLUSION Results showed that 20.66%of the patients had clinically significant symptoms of depression and 7.44%had major depression.Anxiety was a predictor for antepartum and postpartum depression.Antepartum depression and parenting stress were also predictors for postpartum depression.
