Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.

A Survey of Correlation Infertility Self-Efficacy with Behavioral Health Scales in Infertile Women

Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value

Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

Observation on the Effect of Parental Participation in Nursing Under the IMCHB Model in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of parental participation in nursing under the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior(IMCHB)model in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods:The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University included 46 newborns with HIE admitted from October 2021 to October 2023 into the study population.They were divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method,with the control group adopting routine nursing,and the observation group implementing parental participation in nursing under the IMCHB model.The indicators of physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the two groups were compared before and after nursing.Results:The physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after 3 months of nursing,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The implementation of the IMCHB model of parental participation in the clinical care of HIE neonates can further promote their physical,intellectual,and psychomotor development.

Parents' participation in physical activity predicts maintenance of some,but not all, types of physical activity in offspring during early adolescence:A prospective longitudinal study

Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.

L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthase,inhibits fertility of male rats

Aim: To examine the effect of L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, on reproductive function ofmale rats. Methods: Male rats were gavaged with either L-arginine (100 or 200 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)), D-arginine (200mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) for seven consecutive days. Their sexual behaviour and fertility were evaluat-ed using receptive females. Results: L-arginine (200 mg/kg) had no significant effect on sexual competence (interms of sexual arousal, libido, sexual vigour and sexual performance). In mating experiments, the higher dose of L-arginine effectively and reversibly inhibited fertility, whilst the lower dose and the inactive stereoisomer D-arginine hadno significant effect. The antifertility effect caused by L-arginine was due to a profound elevation in the preimplantationloss mediated possibly by impairment in epididymal sperm maturation, hyperactivated sperm motility and sperm capaci-tation. Conclusion: Elevated NO production may be detrimental to male fertility.

The Difficulties in Raising Fertility Rates-The Deficiencies and Improvements of the Maternity Protection System for Women of Childbearing Age

Fertility policies consist of not only the legal definition of"procreation",but also the"maternity"protection system,the complete set of selfconsistent social relations and policy systems formed around"fertility".Gender,labor and intergenerational relations are the cornerstones of a fertility policy system.In this framework,we focus on women of childbearing age as the main actors of reproductive behaviors,to research how drastic social changes have altered women,the above-mentioned relations,and policy support and analyze the structural factors that restrict women’s reproductive intentions.The traditional male breadwinner model,which can no longer prevail and the relatively slow development of maternity protection policies and service systems leave women of childbearing age in a dilemma between working hours and birth timing.Therefore,maternity protection policies should focus on improved decommodification of maternity insurance and the construction of women and children’s social welfare systems including childcare social service systems.

Influence of Parental Rearing Patterns on School Bullying Behavior of Junior High School Students

Bullying,as an aggressive behavior,has become a common phenomenon among junior high school students.The occurrence of bullying behavior can have a serious negative impact on the mental health of junior high school students.Some students even suffer from psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.Many research results at home and abroad show that personality is an important factor affecting bullying behavior.In this case,this study explores the impact of parental rearing patterns on school bullying behavior.Improving the parenting styles of junior high school students and their parenting level has become an practicable practical approach to prevent the problem of school bullying.

Parenting Skills Determinant in Preventing Adolescents’ Sexual Health Risk Behavior

Parenting skill is one of the crucial needs that parents must have in caring adolescents’ sexual health risk behavior. Present study aims to determine predictors of parenting skills in preventing adolescents’ sexual health risk behavior. A cross sectional study was conducted among adolescents’ parents who attended government health clinics in a semi-urban district, West Malaysia. Data were collected by systematic random sampling using validated questionnaire from eight government health clinics based on routine daily out-patient services. There were 386 respondents participated with 98.9% of response rate. Parental skill is categorized as appropriate or inappropriate based on Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) staging. Eighteen independent variables were used: parental socioeconomic status, adolescent characteristic, parenting style, parent-adolescent communication, parental stress, perception on adolescent sexual risk, comfortable in discussing sexual issues, knowledge in sexual reproductive health (SRH) and knowledge in HIV/AIDS. Assessment of parenting skills using the TTM stage showed 139 respondents (36%) had inappropriate parenting skills, in which they were in pre contemplation, contemplation or preparedness stages, while 247 respondents (64%) showed appropriate parenting skills when they were in action and maintenance stages of TTM. Older parent, late adolescent, low parental education level, extended family living arrangement, comfortable in discussing sexual issues, good parent-adolescent communication and higher knowledge in HIV/AIDS were found significant in bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified older parent (AOR = 1.927, 95% CI = 1.889 - 1.966, p < 0.001), lower parental education (AOR = 2.394, 95% CI = 1.348 - 4.254, p = 0.003), comfortable in discussing sexual issues (AOR = 3.810, 95% CI = 1.622 - 8.948, p = 0.002), good parent-adolescent communication (AOR = 4.741, 95% CI = 2.478 - 9.071, p ≤ 0.001) and having higher knowledge on HIV/AIDS (AOR = 2.804, 95% CI = 1.528 - 5.147, p = 0.001) as significant predictors for appropriate parenting skills in preventing adolescent sexual health risk behavior. In conclusion, more than one third of parents were still not ready in preventing adolescent sexual risk behavior. Targeting the young parents and those having difficulty in communicating sexual issues with theirs adolescents should be emphasized in early intervention program for parents. Self-assessment using TTM stage questionnaire will help parents to identify their parenting skills in preventing adolescent sexual health risk behavior.

Introgression of QTLs Controlling Spikelet Fertility Maintains Membrane Integrity and Grain Yield in Improved White Ponni Derived Progenies Exposed to Heat Stress

To increase the thermotolerance of improved White Ponni（IWP）, two quantitative trait loci（QTLs）, q HTSF1.1 and q HTSF4.1, controlling spikelet fertility under high-temperature stress, were introgressed from Nagina 22 into IWP through marker-assisted breeding. The progenies were subjected to foreground selection of target QTLs using simple sequence repent markers RM431 and RM5757 linked to q HTSF1.1 and q HTSF4.1, respectively. At each generation, foreground selection with single target QTL or both QTLs was done together. The QTL-positive plants were forwarded to next generation by selfing. The F2：3 progenies were subjected to phenotypic analyses under high-temperature stress at the flowering stage. Chlorophyll stability index, malondialdehyde content, grain yield, and yield-related components of the F2：3 progenies were measured. The progenies IWP-295, IWP-277 and IWP-246 harboring both q HTSF1.1 and q HTSF4.1 showed higher fertility percentages under high-temperature stress at the flowering stage. These QTLs were responsible for maintaining membrane integrity and yield under elevated temperature conditions.

育儿经济支出和育儿时间对女性生育选择的影响

随着中国进入以成本约束驱动为主导的低生育率阶段,育儿成本对生育选择的影响受到关注。但大量研究局限于分析经济成本的影响,忽略了时间成本。随着育儿观念的变化,越来越多的父母认识到育儿质量的重要性,进而更重视父母陪伴和家庭育儿时间。因而,分析育儿经济支出和育儿时间对生育选择的影响才能准确把握现代女性生育选择的重要影响因素,进而提出更具针对性的政策建议。对育儿成本的准确估计成为分析育儿成本影响的关键,然而基于已生育群体的育儿支出直接预测未生育群体的育儿成本时,生育的自选择问题可能导致严重的估计偏差。本文基于2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS)和2020年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,应用Heckman两步法回归女性育儿经济支出和育儿时间方程,消除生育自选择带来的样本选择偏差,并基于模型回归结果预测未生育女性的潜在育儿经济支出和育儿时间,进而分析育儿经济支出和育儿时间对女性生育选择的影响。研究结果表明:育儿经济支出的增加使女性二孩生育概率显著下降,育儿时间的增加使女性一孩生育和二孩生育概率均显著下降;随着女性受教育程度的提高,育儿经济支出对其生育选择的负向影响增大,育儿时间的负向影响减小。异质性分析的结果表明:相比于非灵活就业群体和超时劳动群体,在灵活就业群体和严重超时劳动群体中,育儿时间对女性生育选择的负向影响更小,表明工作时间调整灵活性的提升有助于降低育儿时间对生育选择的限制;同时,拥有较多自由时间的适度劳动群体的生育选择不受育儿时间的影响,表明工作时间减少可以降低育儿时间的约束作用。因此,政府部门应在进一步提供更加全面的育儿保障服务,减轻女性育儿的经济和时间负担的同时,通过对雇用生育女性的企业给予税收优惠或直接经济补贴等政策促进企业为生育女性提供工作时间更加灵活的工作条件;通过为生育女性保留工作岗位、提供专门晋升通道等降低生育对女性职业发展的阻碍作用;通过促进家庭内部育儿分工的重构,增加男性育儿时间等降低女性育儿成本,进而促进生育率提升。

孤独症谱系障碍RUBI-PT方案的改编及适应性调查

目的·探究“行为干预研究单位孤独症网络家长培训”[the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention(RUBI)Autism Network Parent Training,RUBI-PT]方案的中国本土化改编并对其适应性进行调查。方法·按照文化改编的4个步骤对RUBI-PT方案进行改编,包括信息收集、初步改编设计、初步改编测试、进一步调整。信息收集阶段邀请了6位儿科专家和2位心理治疗师进行6次焦点小组访谈,并根据专家意见从语言、治疗形式、治疗设置等方面对RUBI-PT方案进行初步改编;初步改编测试阶段招募了16位孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿的家长,分2批参加线上RUBI-PT,结束后收集项目反馈问卷并行适应性调查分析,最后根据测试结果进行方案的进一步调整。结果·RUBI-PT的初步改编方案由个体培训调整为团体培训,包含8次核心技能课程,采用线上会议形式实施。初步测试结果显示,家长对于上课进度、上课过程、课后作业完成情况、作业点评情况的满意度分别为90%、80%、100%和100%;课程难度方面,第7次课(功能性沟通训练)和第8次课(教授技能)的难度最大。依据上述调查结果和专家小组意见完成进一步调整,最终形成本土化RUBI-PT的改编方案。结论·经过改编和适应性调查,形成了适用于中国ASD儿童家庭的家长行为训练策略即RUBI-PT。

利益分化与育儿成本的情境性:低生育率的结构成因

低生育率现象对中国人口发展的影响不容忽视。文化价值论和成本—收益论是以往解释生育现象的主要视角,其中育儿成本对生育意愿和生育决策的影响更是被国内研究所重视。然而,相关讨论忽视了育儿成本的社会情境性。对1990年代以来中国社会经济利益结构变化的分析表明,社会经济利益差异的快速拉大、社会流动率及流动预期的提升,这两个社会结构性特征改变了发展性育儿成本,并通过“地位焦虑”提升了人们感知的育儿成本,进而影响其生育意愿和生育决策。通过降低育儿成本的方式逆转低生育现象,其根本在于调整社会经济利益格局。

支持生育的家庭政策何以有效——基于法国和日本经验的研究

法国和日本都实施了鼓励生育的家庭政策,分配大量资源旨在提升生育率,但政策效果截然不同:法国生育率在西方国家首屈一指,而且保持了长期稳定;日本生育率则持续低迷,一直没有起色。从去商品化的现金给付、提升工作家庭平衡和推动性别平等三个视角,可系统对比法国和日本家庭政策的流变历程、投入结构和力度差异,分析生育支持导向的家庭政策在法国和日本发挥作用迥异的原因所在。我国可以此为鉴,多措并举,为家庭提供多样化的选择机制,让整个社会分担家庭生、育、养成本,推进工作家庭平衡和性别平等,让男女分担生育养育的劳务,所有单位分担由生育职工所在单位承担的生育成本。

“三孩”政策背景下婴幼儿家庭养育压力的影响因素探究

为了解“三孩”政策背景下0~6岁婴幼儿家庭养育压力的现状及其影响因素,采用基本信息问卷、简式养育压力量表(PSI-SF)对我国东、中、西部六省3982个婴幼儿家庭所面临的养育压力展开调查,并从个体家庭因素、经济因素和社会区域因素三个方面分析0~6岁婴幼儿家庭养育压力产生的原因。结果显示,在0~6岁婴幼儿家庭中,近五成家庭养育压力超出正常范围,且从养育压力的各个维度来看,育儿愁苦得分高于困难儿童得分高于亲子互动失调得分;家庭结构、社会经济地位以及城乡地区对0~6岁婴幼儿家庭的养育压力有显著影响。基于此,建议关注父亲的养育压力,政府社区家庭合作共育;明确家庭压力来源,缓解家庭养育压力;加大政府投入,降低家庭养育成本;完善社会服务支持,提高家庭养育知识与技能。

家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系:亲子沟通和锻炼行为的链式中介作用

本研究主要探讨家庭体育教育与义务教育阶段学生心理健康的关系,揭示亲子沟通与锻炼行为在其中的中介作用。运用横断面调查方法,采用《家庭体育教育问卷》《心理健康诊断测验》《亲子沟通量表》《体育活动等级量表》,对1049名义务教育阶段学生进行调查。结果表明:家庭体育教育、亲子沟通、锻炼行为和心理健康两两显著相关。家庭体育教育对心理健康的直接效应显著,亲子沟通、锻炼行为以及亲子沟通和锻炼行为在家庭体育教育和心理健康之间的中介和链式中介作用显著。结论:家庭体育教育是义务教育阶段学生心理健康的重要影响因素,同时可通过亲子沟通、锻炼行为的作用路径对心理健康产生间接影响。建议:推进立法,为家庭体育教育保驾护航;“校-社”协同,助力家庭体育教育开展;反客为主,主动开展家庭体育教育活动;以研促体,加强家庭体育教育研究的全面性。

基于随机效用的稻农有机肥替代化肥行为研究

基于鄱阳湖流域水稻主产区10个县(区)的571份有效样本数据,在有机肥替代化肥的行为分析框架下采用随机效用理论构建双变量Probit模型,实证分析期望收益、风险态度等因素对稻农用有机肥替代化肥行为的影响,并通过分组回归讨论技术培训和成本感知对这一替代行为的调节效应。结果表明:1)减施化肥和使用有机肥行为存在相关性,减施化肥的稻农使用有机肥的概率为0.56,使用有机肥的稻农减施化肥的概率为0.41,稻农用有机肥替代化肥的概率约为0.21。2)期望收益、风险厌恶、小概率偏好越高,稻农使用有机肥替代化肥的概率越低,而损失厌恶程度越高,稻农使用有机肥替代化肥的概率越高。3)参加过施肥技术培训的稻农更倾向于使用有机肥替代化肥,化肥感知成本的提升会增加稻农使用有机肥的概率。据此,从保障绿色施肥收入、降低绿色施肥成本和加强技术宣传推广等方面提出政策建议。

父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据的分析

青年生育意愿减弱是造成当前“超低生育率”问题的重要原因,而青年生育意愿的形成深受父母个人特征的影响。基于此,运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,考察了父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响机制。研究发现,父母受教育程度越高,青年的生育意愿越低;照料支持和“传宗接代”观念在父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿的影响过程中发挥了中介作用;经济帮助并非父母受教育程度对青年生育意愿产生代际影响的有效方式;相比于男性,女性的生育意愿更容易受到父母受教育程度的影响。在当前父母受教育程度不断提升的背景下,加强公共托幼服务,提供隔代照料津贴,培育积极生育观念和完善女性生育保障是提升青年生育意愿的有效政策措施。