Attitude of Parents to Childhood Psychiatric Disorders in Nigeria

Background: Many community and hospital based studies have found high prevalence of childhood psychiatric morbidity in the community and hospital. However, it has been noticed that few children are presented to hospital by parents with complaints related to psychological or emotional disturbances. This may be due to stigma and discrimination attached to mental illness including those of children. Aim: This part of the study set out to assess the attitudes of parents to childhood psychiatric disorders. It also set out to reveal what factors were associated with attitude and predictors of positive or negative attitude. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out where parents were interviewed and the sociodemographic features of the child, parents and family were elicited. The study was carried out at Murtala Muhammad Specialist, hospital, Kano, Nigeria within a three months period. The child was assessed for psychological disorder with the Reporting Questionnaire for children. Parent’s attitude was assessed with a modified community attitude towards the mentally ill scale, (CAMI). Result: A total of two hundred and three subjects (203) were involved in the study. Most (78.3%) parents had negative attitude to childhood psychiatric disorders while only (13.8%) had positive attitude. Parents who classified a child as having a psychological component to their illness were more likely to exhibit positive than negative attitude (83.3% vs. 16.7%, X2 = 22.75, d.f = 1, p = 0.0002). Those with positive attitude were more likely to be mothers than fathers (71.4% vs. 28.6%;X2 = 4.78, d.f = 1, p = 0.04). Those with a family history of psychiatric illness were more likely to exhibit positive than negative attitude. (58.3% vs 41.7%;X2 = 18.94, d.f = 1, p = 0.0003). A child’s father being of lower social class predicted positive attitude. No variable predicted negative attitude. Conclusion: Most parents had negative attitude to psychiatric disorders in children. The study advocated health education and enlightenment programmes to enhance mental health literacy for parents so that they could develop a more positive attitude to psychiatric disorders including childhood psychiatric disorders which will lead to reduction in childhood psychiatric disorders and later adversities.

Study of the Relationship between Parenting Attitude of Youth Fostering and Creativity among Students of Universities

Nowadays, creativity is the main need for continuing the life in the various aspects of society, especially education. Parenting attitude of youth fostering as an important factor can be effect on creativity, because youth are dependent to parents and they are as power recourse for youth. Youth are in interaction with parents and parents can be ready appropriate filed in home and family to efflorescence their youth’s creativity. The present study undertakes to provide a descriptive and correlative analysis on the relationship between youth fostering and student creativity. Parenting attitudes (including domination, high dependency, and negligence) and creativity (including fluency, originality, flexibility and elaboration) are taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. To test the hypotheses, information collected from three questionnaires was analyzed: 1) multiple choice paper and pencil test for measuring Torrance creativity (1973), 2) parent attitude survey (PAS) of Drews and Teahen (1957), and 3) evaluation of students’ creativity by masters. Statistical population of the study includes all students of Urmia Medical Sciences University (209 males and 218 females) and their parents. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results indicate no significant relationship between student creativity and parents attitude on youth fostering (r = 0.20) and parents put more emphasis on educational success than creativity. Also, female students had better performance than males in terms of creativity.

Development of a Sports Safety Promotion Framework Based on KABP Theory and 4M Management

This study explores the significance,current research landscape,and conceptualization of sports safety promotion.Safety in sports is fundamental to youth physical activities,and an excessive focus on or neglect of safety is unwarranted.Globally,numerous countries have extensively researched sports safety promotion and implemented diverse strategies.Drawing from KABP(Knowledge,Attitude,Behavior,Practice)theory and 4M(Man,Machine,Medium,Management)management,this paper presents a conceptual framework for sports safety promotion.It integrates these theories to devise a comprehensive accident prevention model within a sports safety promotion system.The framework prioritizes enhancing students’safety literacy and underscores the practical application of safety knowledge and skills in simulated sports settings following structured safety education.It aims to enhance students’competency and proficiency in averting sports-related injuries.

Parents' participation in physical activity predicts maintenance of some,but not all, types of physical activity in offspring during early adolescence:A prospective longitudinal study

Purpose: We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in physical activity(PA).Methods-: One hundred and ninety youth cuompleted self-admitiistered questionnaires 3 times per year from 2011 to 2015, and their parents completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during a telephone interview once in2011-2012. Data on youth's and parents' activities were classified as interdependent or coactive/imdependent.Results: Youth with one or both parents who participated in interdependent activities were more likely to maintain participation in interdependent activities(hazard ratio(HR) = 3.63: 95% confidence interval(CI) = 1.30-10.17). Youth's sustained participation in coactive/independent activities was not associated with parents' participation in coactive/independent activities(HR= 0.97; 95%CI=0.46-2.06).Conclusion: Longitudinal associations between parents' and youth's participation in PA differed across type of PA. Encouraging parents' participation in interdependent activities may promote sustained participation in interdependent activities in youth.

Analysis of doping control test results in individual and team sports from 2003 to 2015

Background:Determining the prevalence of doping in sport might be useful for anti-doping authorities to gauge the effectiveness of anti-doping policies implemented to prevent positive attitudes toward doping.Using questionnaires and personal interviews,previous investigations have found that the prevalence of doping might be different among different sports disciplines;however,there is no sport-specific information about the proportion of adverse and atypical findings(AAF) in samples used for doping control.The aim of the present investigation was to assess the differences in the frequency of adverse analytical and atypical findings among sports using the data made available by the World Anti-Doping Agency.Methods:The data included in this investigation were gathered from the Testing Figures Reports made available annually from 2003 to 2015 by the World Anti-Doping Agency.These Testing Figures Reports include information about the number of samples analyzed,the number of AAFs reported,and the most commonly found drugs in the urine and blood samples analyzed.A total of 1,347,213 samples were analyzed from the individual sports selected for this investigation,and 698,371 samples were analyzed for disciplines catalogued as team sports.Results:In individual sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 3.3%±1.0% in cycling,3.0%±0.6% in weightlifting,and 2.9%±0.6% in boxing.In team sports,the highest proportions of AAF were 2.2%±0.5% in ice hockey,2.0%±0.5% in rugby,and 2.0%±0.5% in basketball.Gymnastics and skating had the lowest proportions at(≤1.0%) for individual sports,and field hockey,volleyball and football had the lowest proportions for team sports(≤1.4%).Conclusion:As suggested by the analysis,the incidence of AAF was not uniform across all sports disciplines,with the different proportions pointing to an uneven use of banned substances depending on the sport.This information might be useful for increasing the strength and efficacy of anti-doping policies in those sports with the highest prevalence in the use of banned substances.

Nutrition Knowledge, Practices, Attitudes, and Information Sources of Mid-American Conference College Softball Players

The number of women participating in softball at the collegiate level continues to rise, yet little is known about collegiate softball players' knowledge about sport nutrition. The purpose of this study was to collect information from Mid-American Conference softball players to determine their current knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sport nutrition and to identify their preferred sources for obtaining sport nutrition information.

The longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood

Background: One efficient way to increase physical activity is through sport participation because participation in sport activities inherently includes many enjoyable aspects, such as social interaction, competition, personal challenge, and goal achievement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood.Methods: The data used in this study came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health). It is a 4-wave longitudinal study that followed up a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in the US. A series of multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of parental support at Wave 1 on the trajectory of sport participation from Wave 1 to Wave 4.Results: The effect of parental support during adolescence on participants' sport participation lasted until they become young adults(Wave 3)(p < 0.001). Among the male participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.001). However, a significant effect of parental support at Wave 1 on sport participation in early young adulthood(Wave 3) becomes insignificant when adjusting for self-esteem and depression. Among the female participants, parental support at Wave 1 was a significant predictor for sport participation at Waves 1, 2, and 3(p < 0.01) even after depression and self-esteem were introduced into the model. That is to say, unlike male participants, parental support during adolescence has an independent effect on sport participation from adolescence(Wave 1) through early young adulthood(Wave 3) over and above the effects of depression and self-esteem in female participants.Conclusion: The results of this study contributed to the literature by providing important information on the longitudinal effect of parental support during adolescence on the trajectory of sport participation from adolescence through young adulthood using a nationally representative sample of participants transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood.

Understanding parental self-medication with antibiotics among parents of different nationalities:a cross-sectional study

Background:There is an increasing trend on the practices of parental self-medication with antibiotics(PSMA)around world,accelerating the antibiotic abuse.This study aims to examine the nationality differences in the practices of PSMA and knowledge,attitudes and practices(KAP)toward antibiotic use,and understand the practices of PSMA among parents of various nationalities in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study based on a structured questionnaire survey was conducted in Xi’an,Shaanxi Province,China,from September 2018 to October 2018.A total of 299 respondents participated in.The practices of PSMA(a dichotomous variable)and KAP toward antibiotic use(a continuous variable)served as dependent variables.Participant’s nationality was regarded as the independent variable.Binary logistic regression and ordinary least square regression were employed to examine the association between parent’s nationality and the practices of PSMA,and KAP toward antibiotic use,respectively.Results:121(40.88%)Chinese,100(33.76%)other Asians and 75(25.34%)Occidentals were included in final analysis,with a sample size of 296.Chinese were more likely to practice PSMA(OR=7.070;95%CI 1.315,38.01),with worse knowledge(Coef.=−0.549;95%CI−1.021,−0.078),attitudes(Coef.=−3.069;95%CI−4.182,−1.956)and practices(Coef.=−1.976;95%CI−3.162,−0.790)toward antibiotic use,compared to their Occidental counterparts.The main reasons for the practices of PSMA were enough previous medication experience(80.49%)and same ailments with no need to see a doctor(39.02%),with common symptoms such as fever(60.98%)and cough(58.54%).Purchasing antibiotics at pharmacies(92.08%)and using leftover antibiotics(26.83%)were usual approaches.Conclusions:The study highlights the gaps in the practices of PSMA and KAP toward antibiotic use among parents of different nationalities.The access to obtain antibiotics from pharmacies reflects the pharmacists’unaware of laws on prescription of antibiotics,fierce competition in the pharmacy market,and the government’s lax supervision in China.It suggests the need to improve pharmacists’training,enforce current legislations on pharmacy market regarding the sale of antibiotics,and provide practical and effective educational interventions for residents about antibiotic use.

Associations between parental support for physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Chinese school children： A cross-sectional study

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between parental support for physical activity(PA) and levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) among Chinese school children.Methods: Study participants were 81,857 school-aged children(aged 9–17 years; mean age = 13 years; 49.0% boys) and their parents or guardians who took part in the 2016 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study project. The independent variables included various forms of parental support for PA ascertained through a survey completed by parents or guardians. The dependent variable was the children's average MVPA in minutes per day by self-report. Structure equation modeling was used to examine the associations between parental support for PA and children's MVPA minutes.Results: The overall mean for MVPA participation time for the child participants was 48.82 ± 28.71 min/day. Significant associations between various forms of parental support and MVPA among children were found. Parental encouragement, accompanying, financial support, involvement,and role modeling for PA were positively associated with a high level of student MVPA participation. Parental PA knowledge-sharing was not associated with MVPA. The patterns of the associations were similar across sex, residence locale(i.e., urban and rural), and school grades(primary,junior middle, and junior high schools).Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that, among Chinese school children, parental support for PA is important in promoting and facilitating children's participation in MVPA.

“健康中国”背景下河南省大学生体育行为、体育态度与健康需求调查研究

采用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料、数理统计等研究方法,调查河南省大学生的体育行为、体育态度和健康需求,分析各重要指标间的关系,结果发现:①学生体育参与率较疫情时期有所上升,但还是不如疫情之前;②部分学生虽然参加体育锻炼,但运动频率不够,达不到增强体质的要求;③绝大部分学生认为体育锻炼能增进健康,但部分没有付诸于实际行动;④学生普遍希望能从微信平台获取健康知识和信息。

家师关系与小学生学校态度:师生关系的中介作用及父母差异

良好的家师关系是家校合作的基础,有利于形成教育合力、促进学生全面发展。研究对北京1366名小学四年级学生及其父母进行连续两年的测查,旨在探讨师生关系在家师关系对小学生学校态度影响间的中介作用,并分析父母差异。结果发现:(1)父亲和母亲报告的家师关系质量均能负向预测学校回避,家师联系频率均能负向预测学校喜欢;(2)母亲报告的家师关系质量能正向预测学校喜欢、家师联系频率能正向预测学校回避,而父亲报告的这两条路径均不显著,存在父母差异;(3)师生关系在父亲和母亲报告的家师关系质量对学校喜欢和学校回避的影响中均起中介作用。

知信行宣教模式在百日咳患儿家长健康宣教中的应用

目的探讨百日咳患儿家长健康宣教采用知信行宣教模式的效果。方法选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院在2019年8月至2021年2月接诊的172例百日咳患儿,以其父亲或母亲作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,每组各86人,分别为其提供常规健康宣教与知信行宣教模式,对比两组患儿家长焦虑、知信行以及护理满意度评分。结果观察组患儿家长干预后焦虑自评量表评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿家长干预后知信行评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿家长护理满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论知信行模式用于百日咳患儿家长健康宣教,可有效改善其焦虑程度,提高知识掌握程度和护理满意度。

大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的相关性

目的:研究大学生心理健康与父母养育方式、社会责任感、生命态度的关系,为大学生心理健康干预提供参考依据。方法:采用整群抽样法,选取3所高校一、二、三3个年级大学生共1542名为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、父母教养方式量表(Parental Bonding Instrument,PBI)、大学生社会责任感问卷、生命态度量表、一般健康问卷(General Health Questionnaire-20,CHQ-20)进行调查。结果:单因素结果显示,心理健康评分、生命态度评分及父母养育方式中父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主、父母控制评分在留守经历、成长地、独生子女、贫困生、家庭结构方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同人口学特征的大学生社会责任感评分差异无统计学意义。Pearson相关分析显示,大学生心理健康与社会责任感呈负相关性(r=-0.318,P<0.05),与生命态度呈负相关性(r=-0.578,P<0.05),与父母养育方式中分维度父母关爱得分、父母鼓励自主评分呈负相关性(r=-0.428,-0.443;P<0.05),与父母控制维度评分呈正相关性(r=0.365,P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,大学生有留守经历、成长地为农村、非独生子女、单亲或其他家庭、家庭贫困、父母关爱评分低、父母鼓励评分低、父母控制评分高、生命态度评分低,则心理健康水平低(P<0.05)。结论:大学生心理健康整体处于良好状态,与父母养育方式、生命态度有关。

“北冰南展”背景下南方高校学生参与校园冰雪运动行为意向研究——基于TPB拓展模型

以计划行为理论为理论框架,引入新奇追求和校园冰雪文化变量,构建了南方地区高校学生参与校园冰雪运动行为意向结构方程模型,并以湖南科技大学为例进行实证检验。研究发现,态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制、新奇追求和校园冰雪文化均会对参与校园冰雪运动行为意向产生正向影响,新奇追求与校园冰雪文化通过态度间接影响行为意向。因此,建议拓展宣传方式,营造校园冰雪文化氛围;利用社群影响,提高学生参与程度;完善“软硬”设施,提高学生知觉控制能力;把握学生新奇追求心理,促进学生持续参与行为。

学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的家庭环境影响因素及对策研究

为探究家庭环境影响因素,特别是亲子陪伴与父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露的影响,文章收集常州市新北区5812名3~6岁儿童的健康监测数据进行统计学分析。结果发现,学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露现象较普遍,平均屏幕暴露时长≥1小时/天的儿童共1861人(32.0%);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制年龄、性别、家庭收入、家庭结构等因素后,儿童使用电子设备的数量、父母对儿童使用电子设备的支持态度、亲子陪伴时长、亲子互动时电子设备使用情况、对儿童漠不关心均为学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露的危险因素(OR值分别为1.08、2.30、1.04、1.21、1.26,P均<0.05)。家庭环境因素对学龄前儿童屏幕暴露有显著影响,在家庭养育层面上,应更多关注亲子陪伴并加强父母对儿童使用电子设备的认知态度,为有效降低学龄前儿童过度屏幕暴露发挥积极作用。

基于MPC-MRAC的用于子母式AUV投放的子AUV控制算法

针对水下搜救、水下集群作业等场合对负载能力、响应速度和多体协同的特殊要求,提出一种子母式自主水下航行器(AUV)概念。针对子母式AUV中的子AUV平台进行投放过程设计与分析,并对不同运动模式下的子AUV进行受力分析和建模。根据子AUV运动特性设计一套基于模型预测控制-模型参考自适应控制算法(MPC-MRAC)的子AUV控制算法,并进行仿真。结果显示:该算法具有较快的响应速度和控制稳定性,适用于子AUV投放后的自主运动控制;其响应速度比反演滑模控制算法快42.48%,比比例积分微分(PID)控制算法快87.05%;控制精度比反演滑模控制算法高77.54%,比PID控制算法高76.19%。针对该系统设计制作样机并开展湖上试验,结果表明,子AUV控制算法具有良好的可行性和可靠性,可顺利实现子AUV投放后运行的安全可靠。子AUV在出舱后经过短时间姿态变化,成功与母AUV分离并顺利进行定深任务,最终达到近似等距分布的效果。研究成果可为用于子母式AUV投放的子AUV提供控制算法基础。

大学生亲子依恋、自尊与暴力态度的关系

目的 探讨亲子依恋对大学生暴力态度的影响,并分析自尊在亲子依恋与大学生暴力态度之间的中介作用。方法 采用父母和同伴依恋问卷的亲子依恋分问卷、罗森伯格自尊量表、变态人格危险性评估问卷的冲动倾向分量表对随机抽取的524名大学生进行调查。运用描述统计、相关分析、回归分析等方法进行分析,并利用Bootstrap法在Process v4.1插件中检验中介效应。结果 大学生亲子依恋分问卷总分为(48.56±13.23)分;自尊量表总分为(29.92±7.41)分;暴力态度问卷总分为(2.56±1.38)分。大学生亲子依恋与暴力态度呈负相关(r=-0.86,P<0.01);大学生亲子依恋与自尊呈正相关(r=0.94,P<0.01);大学生自尊与暴力态度呈负相关(r=-0.85,P<0.01)。亲子依恋和自尊均能负向预测暴力态度(β=-0.86、-0.36,t=-26.45、-3.88,P<0.01);亲子沟通、信任、疏离维度也能够负向预测暴力态度(β=-0.31、-0.37、-0.24,t=-3.87、-4.59、-4.17,P<0.01);亲子依恋正向预测自尊(β=0.79,t=44.40,P<0.01)。大学生自尊在亲子依恋与暴力态度之间存在部分中介效应,Bootstrap 95%的置信区间为-0.16~-0.04,中介效应量为-0.10。结论 大学生亲子依恋越好,自尊水平越高,则暴力态度越弱;亲子依恋对暴力态度有直接抑制的作用,同时又可以通过自尊间接影响暴力态度。

河南省某医疗机构儿童家长抗菌药物使用知识、态度和行为的横断面调查分析

目的:本研究旨在探讨河南省某医疗机构儿童家长对抗菌药物使用知识、态度和行为的现状,为医疗机构制定抗菌药物管理政策提供参考。方法:2020年10~12月在河南省某医疗机构对住院患儿家长进行抗菌药物合理使用方面的横断面调查并对数据进行统计分析。结果:在289名受访者中,家长对抗菌药物使用知识情况总体良好,性别、受教育程度、医疗保障状况、子女数量、月收入和居住地与家长抗菌药物知识得分的关系最为密切(P<0.05)。家长对抗菌药物使用态度总体合格,其中月收入、性别、受教育程度、医疗保障状况和年龄是影响家长抗菌药物态度得分的因素(P<0.05)。家长的抗菌药物使用行为总体表现良好,其中影响家长抗菌药物行为得分的因素包括受教育程度、性别、年龄、与儿童的关系和医疗保障状况(P<0.05)。结论:尽管该院儿童家长对抗菌药物的使用持积极的态度和行动,但仍有部分家长对抗菌药物缺乏足够的了解,甚至对抗菌药物的使用存在误解。建议该院进一步加强对儿童家长抗菌药物知识的宣教,促进儿童抗菌药物的合理使用。

北京城区学前儿童家长游戏观念与参与状况的调查

游戏是儿童的基本权利,家长游戏参与的状况,是孩子成长的关键因素。本研究通过调查和访谈了解北京城区家长对幼儿游戏的基本认识、家长参与、支持、教育引导幼儿玩游戏的情况。结果揭示出部分家长对游戏促进幼儿发展的价值认识不足,对幼儿游戏参与不够,亲子游戏不足,游戏中父亲对幼儿陪伴少,家长自我游戏能力不高,对幼儿社会性和健康发展的支持引导不够,以及幼儿游戏不充分、高度依赖玩具,自主性低等问题,并对改进家长游戏观、儿童观和教育观及相关措施等提出了改进建议。