Widely-wavelength-tunable brillouin fiber laser with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio based on parity-time symmetric and saturable absorption effect

A widely-wavelength-tunable Brillouin fiber laser(BFL)with improved optical signal-to-noise ratio(OSNR)based on parity-time(PT)symmetric and saturable absorption(SA)effect is present.This novel BFL realizes PT symmetry and SA effect through polarization-maintaining erbium-doped fiber(PM-EDF)Sagnac loop,which is composed of a PM-EDF,a coupler and two polarization controllers(PCs).By using the inherent birefringence characteristic of PM-EDF,two feedback loops in orthogonal polarization state are formed when the Strokes signal in injected.One of these loops provides gain in the clockwise direction with in the Sagnac loop,while the other loop generates loss in the counterclockwise direction.By adjusting the PCs to control the polarization state of the PM-EDF,a single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)BFL can be achieved,as the PT symmetry is broken when the SA participating stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS)gain and loss are well-matched and the gain surpasses the coupling coefficient.Compared to previous BFLs,the proposed BFL has a more streamlined structure and a wider wavelength tunable range,at the same time,it is not being limited by the bandwidth of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier while still maintaining narrow linewidth SLM output.Additionally,thanks to SA effect of the PM-EDF,the PT symmetric SBS gain contract is enhanced,resulting in a higher optical signal-to-noise(OSNR).The experimental results show that the laser has a wide tunable range of 1526.088 nm to 1565.498 nm,an improved OSNR of 77 dB,and a fine linewidth as small as 140.5 Hz.

Localization and Steering of Light in One-Dimensional Parity-Time Symmetric Photonic Lattices

We theoretically study the propagation dynamics of input light in one-dimensional mixed linear-nonlinear photonic lattices with a complex parity-time symmetric potential. Numerical computation shows simultaneous localization and steering of the optical beam due to the asymmetric scatter and interplay between Kerr-type nonlinearity and PT symmetry. This may provide a feasible measure for manipulation light in optical communications, integrated optics and so on.

Defect solitons supported by parity-time symmetric defects in superlattices

The existence and stability of defect solitons supported by parity-time （PT） symmetric defects in superlattices are investigated. In the semi-infinite gap, in-phase solitons are found to exist stably for positive defects, zero defects, and negative defects. In the first gap, out-of-phase solitons are stable for positive defects or zero defects, whereas in-phase solitons are stable for negative defects. For both the in-phase and out-of-phase solitons with the positive defect and in-phase solitons with negative defect in the first gap, there exists a cutoff point of the propagation constant below which the defect solitons vanish. The value of the cutoff point depends on the depth of defect and the imaginary parts of the PT symmetric defect potentials. The influence of the imaginary part of the PT symmetric defect potentials on soliton stability is revealed.

Symmetric bursting behaviour in non-smooth Chua's circuit

The dynamics of a non-smooth electric circuit with an order gap between its parameters is investigated in this paper. Different types of symmetric bursting phenomena can be observed in numerical simulations. Their dynamical behaviours are discussed by means of slow-fast analysis. Furthermore, the generalized Jacobian matrix at the non-smooth boundaries is introduced to explore the bifurcation mechanism for the bursting solutions, which can also be used to account for the evolution of the complicated structures of the phase portraits. With the variation of the parameter, the periodic symmetric bursting can evolve into chaotic symmetric bursting via period-doubling bifurcation.

DESIGN OF SYMMETRIC TERNARY CURRENT-MODE CMOS CIRCUITS

By applying switch-signal theory, the theory of transmission current-switches based on symmetric ternary logic is proposed, this theory is suitable to design symmetric ternary current-mode CMOS circuits. The symmetric ternary current-mode CMOS circuits designed by using this theory not only have simpler circuit structures and correct logic functions, but also can process bidirectional signals.

A Fault Feature Extraction Model in Synchronous Generator under Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit Based on ACMD and DEO3S

This paper proposed a new diagnosis model for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.Different from the past methods focused on the current or voltage signals to diagnose the electrical fault,the sta-tor vibration signal analysis based on ACMD(adaptive chirp mode decomposition)and DEO3S(demodulation energy operator of symmetrical differencing)was adopted to extract the fault feature.Firstly,FT(Fourier trans-form)is applied to the vibration signal to obtain the instantaneous frequency,and PE(permutation entropy)is calculated to select the proper weighting coefficients.Then,the signal is decomposed by ACMD,with the instan-taneous frequency and weighting coefficient acquired in the former step to obtain the optimal mode.Finally,DEO3S is operated to get the envelope spectrum which is able to strengthen the characteristic frequencies of the stator inter-turn short circuit fault.The study on the simulating signal and the real experiment data indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.In addition,the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the proposed model.

Modeling and Simulations in Symmetrical Supercapacitors Using Time Domain Mathematical Expressions

This study presents the deduction of time domain mathematical equations to simulate the curve of the charging process of a symmetrical electrochemical supercapacitor with activated carbon electrodes fed by a source of constant electric potential in time ε and the curve of the discharge process through two fixed resistors. The first resistor RCo is a control that aims to prevent sudden variations in the intensity of the electric current i1(t) present at the terminals of the electrochemical supercapacitor at the beginning of the charging process. The second resistor is the internal resistance RA of the ammeter used in the calculation of the intensity of the electric current i1(t) over time in the charging and discharging processes. The mathematical equations generated were based on a 2R(C + kUC(t)) electrical circuit model and allowed to simulate the effects of the potential-dependent capacitance (kUC(t)) on the charge and discharge curves and hence on the calculated values of the fixed capacitance C, the equivalent series resistance (ESR), the equivalent parallel resistance (EPR) and the electrical potential dependent capacitance index k.

基于对称分量法的调相机定子故障特征分析

传统同步调相机定子绕组匝间短路故障机理分析方法通常认为电机定子电流接近三相对称,并以此为基础建立同步调相机故障电流的数学表征。但是,一旦发生定子绕组匝间短路故障,同步调相机三相定子电流的对称性将遭到破坏,使得传统故障机理分析方法所建立的数学表征无法准确反映电机内部电气量的变化。文中通过引入对称分量法,建立故障后同步调相机瞬时有功/无功功率的数学模型,提出利用瞬时有功/无功功率中的2次谐波进行定子绕组匝间短路故障诊断。仿真和实验的结果表明:相较于利用定子电流3次谐波与基波幅值之比诊断故障的传统方法,文中方法在轻微故障状态下能提高至少7倍的诊断灵敏度,更易完成早期故障诊断。同时,所提方法中的故障特征量不受同步调相机工况和故障位置的影响,具有强鲁棒性。

极端快速条件下液体电导率实时测量技术

基于对称差分原理,发展了一套用于极端快速条件下液体介质电导率的实时原位测量技术,主要解决了传统测量方法在极端快速条件下测量液体电导率时液体介质易电解,以及快速冲击过程中液体介质的冲击极化对电压信号测量带来困难等问题。该实时测量技术在样品测试过程中两端电压不超过电极电势,且测量时间仅为数微秒,从而保证了液体介质不受强电场影响发生电解,通过对样品中两电极分别测量的电压信号进行差分,有效消除由液体介质受到快速冲击时产生的极化干扰,从而提升在极端快速条件下的测量精度和可靠性。以对去离子水进行快速冲击测试实验为例,结果显示该测量技术能在纳秒时间尺度内准确反映导电性变化历史,展现出广泛的科研和工程应用潜力。

基于对称型双谐振电路的LTCC温湿传感器

为了实现高温、恶劣环境下温度和湿度复合参数测量,设计了一种基于对称型双谐振电路的双参数传感器。该传感器采用了一种独特的对称型双谐振电路,可解决多参数间物理性串扰的难题。首先通过高频结构模拟器(HFSS)对传感器电场进行仿真,采用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术对传感器进行制备,最后搭建温度和湿度平台测试并验证了传感器的可行性。测试结果表明,两个被测参数的谐振频率彼此完全独立、解耦,其中传感器的最高测试温度为500℃,随着温度的升高,温度灵敏度逐渐升高,在25~300℃、300~400℃和400~500℃范围内,温度灵敏度分别约为0.0116、0.0259和0.0493 MHz/℃,湿度灵敏度约为0.043 MHz/%RH,传感器对温度和湿度测量均表现出了良好的敏感特性。

高压选相断路器T100a试验电流和瞬态恢复电压的计算

相对于常规高压断路器,选相断路器的T100a试验的大半波电流非对称度增大,导致IEC 62271-101:2021附录A、E提供的电流和瞬态恢复电压(TRV)参数不再适用。为了快速精确地计算这些参数,文中提出了以短路电流对称分量为基础计算电流参数,通过时域分析获得TRV修正系数的方法,公式简单、灵活性好,适用范围广。其计算结果与传统公式计算值保持一致,并被IEC WG67认可,包含在IEC TS 62271-319(已通过DTS投票)附录N中。

一起配电变压器0.4kV侧短路故障的分析

针对某35kV变电所发生的一起短路故障中继电保护未正确动作,0.4kV开关柜烧蚀的情况,通过调取故障录波,采用对称分量法结合一次设备检查对故障过程、保护动作进行分析,提出增加0.4kV开关柜内裸铜排的绝缘防护、间距及缩短保护动作时间、保证配电变压器两侧保护逐级配合的优化建议。

A new multilevel voltage source inverter configuration with minimum number of circuit elements

An advanced configuration for multilevel voltage source converters is proposed. The proposed converter is able to apply asymmetrical DC sources. The configuration of the proposed inverter is well designed in order to provide the maximum number of voltage levels in output terminals using lower number of circuit devices. The authority of the proposed inverter versus the conventional H-bridge cascaded inverter and the most recently introduced ones, is verified with a provided comparison study. The proposed inverter is able to generate the desired voltage levels using a lower number of circuit devices including power semi-conductor switches, IGBTs, diodes, related gate driver circuits of switches and DC voltage sources. As a result, the total cost and installation area are considerably reduced and the control scheme gets simpler. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed multilevel structure, both the simulation and experimental results are provided and compared which shows good agreements.

Nonlinear modes in rotating double well potential with parity–time symmetry

We investigate the nonlinear modes in a rotating double well potential with 79T symmetry. Focus on the existence and stability of the nonlinear PT modes in this system, we found that five types of PT modes can stably exist by given certain parameter settings. The multistable area between these modes are studied numerically and the bistable and tristable areas are delimited. With different input trial wavefunctions, five types of solitary wave modes are identified. We found that the rotating of the potential can significantly affect the power flow of the fundamental harmonic mode, whose effect is absent for the other modes.

考虑故障限流的VSG暂态功角稳定控制方法

当电网发生严重故障时,虚拟同步发电机(VSG)易发生功角失稳并导致故障电流越限,现有方法大多忽略功角失稳与故障过流之间的内在关联性而将二者单独处理,导致二者难以同时解决.为此,分析了VSG的暂态功角特性和故障电流特性,阐释了产生上述问题的原因及相互关系;基于相图理论分析了多影响因素下VSG的暂态功角稳定性,提出了一种考虑故障限流的VSG暂态功角稳定控制方法,该方法在自适应调节有功功率指令以保持功角稳定的基础上联合调节无功调压系数,并引入准静态近似虚拟阻抗,同时实现了故障期间VSG的暂态功角稳定和全故障限流.仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性及所提控制方法的有效性.

基于0.18μm CMOS工艺的300GHz高响应度探测器

基于0.18μm CMOS工艺设计了一种300 GHz高响应度探测器。该探测器集成了双馈差分天线和双场效应管(FET)对称差分自混频电路。双馈差分天线较单馈天线有更高的精确度及更优的抗干扰性。差分自混频电路能有效地抑制共模信号,减小噪声输入。双场效应管后增加一级放大电路,将自混频电路输出的微弱信号进一步放大以增大响应度。天线与电路间的匹配网络实现了信号的最大功率传输。在全波电磁场仿真软件HFSS下对双馈天线进行建模与仿真优化,并与电路进行联合仿真。结果显示探测器在栅源电压为0.43 V、输入功率为-40 dBm时,最大响应度为11.25 kV/W,最小噪声等效功率为115pW/√Hz。

绕组节距对零序电抗的影响及零序电压存在性判断方法

图解了绕组节距对零序电抗取值的影响,归纳了零序电压是否存在的判断方法。主要结论请见本文结论部分。

用瞬时值对称分量计算不对称短路电流直流分量衰减时间常数

为解决电力系统不对称短路电流直流分量的衰减时间常数缺乏简便可行的计算理论与方法的问题,提出一种实用计算方法。该方法将基于120变换的瞬时值对称分量用于电力系统等值模型和不对称短路边界条件,导出120复合序网,通过分析特殊相直流分量的1、2、0序分量流经的120复合序网通路,导出相应时间常数的理论计算公式。EMTP仿真实验值和理论计算值验证了所提方法的正确性与适用性。

具有高抗偏移特性的PT对称无线电能传输技术

针对无线电能传输系统抗偏移能力差、传统控制方法复杂等问题,提出了一种基于相位同步实现宇称时间(PT)对称电路的方法,使系统在一定范围内可以以恒定的输出电压、功率及效率传输能量。相对于使用过零比较器实现负电阻的方法,该方法的辅助电路更加简单,且可以实现软开关。通过30 W样机实验验证了该方法的可行性,在3~17 cm的传输距离内,系统均可以保持恒压、恒功率输出,最高传输效率可达89%。

短路加热法应用与安全性分析

电加热在工业领域中应用非常广泛,几乎随处可见,常见的电加热是通过热传导的方式对介质进行加热,此类电加热元件在应用过程中电加热丝容易被烧断,使用寿命低,同时电加热管容易爆裂、漏电,安全性低,热量传递会产生损失,加热效率低,占用空间大,难以制成单位大功率的加热元件。为解决这些问题,该文介绍一种基于短路加热法的工业用过程电加热技术的工作原理、技术性能、功能特点和应用方法,以及对其应用安全性进行详细分析。短路加热利用三相对称交流电路的特性,将三相对称电源直接施加于三相对称负载上对其加热,这种加热技术不需要电热元件,具有使用寿命长、效率高和功率大等特点。利用三相对称电路原理,消除漏电所带来的危险因素,因此具有推广应用的价值。