Low-Density Microplastics in Recreational Parks of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates: Abundance, Composition, and Potential Effects on Soil Health

Microplastics (MPs) have been an emerging concern due to their harmful effects on the ecosystem and are ubiquitous in various habitats, from marine to terrestrial environments. However, studies on the presence of MPs in recreational areas are limited. One of the previous works has reported that urban recreational parks are considered “sinks” for plastic debris, including MPs. In this study, low-density MPs (LD-MPs) in soil samples collected from recreational parks of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were isolated by density flotation method. Results showed that these parks have varying levels of LD-MPs caused by various anthropogenic activities, such as sludge use and application of reclaimed water from wastewater treatment facilities in those areas. These plastic particles were isolated in 87% of the soil samples, with an average concentration of 1550 ± 340 MPs/kg. Predominantly, these comprised large LD-MPs (300 - 5000 μm), with red and blue being the most common colors. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified possible synthetic polymers, including polyethylene and polypropylene. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between LD-MP concentration and soil pH and moisture content, indicating potential adverse effects on soil health. These findings highlight the need for monitoring and managing microplastic pollution in urban recreational areas to mitigate its ecological impacts.

Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soils at roadside locations and parks of urban Guangzhou

Levels ofCu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr were measured in soils and trees in urban Guangzhou, China. Tree and soil samples were collected from the roadside, urban parks and a university campus. Mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr in tree leaves were 28.3, 7.7, 142.1, 23.4, and 195.1 mg/kg respectively. In a comparison of heavy metal concentrations in tree leaves between roads and park locations, only Pb concentrations were significantly higher in the former. Heavy metal concentrations were lower in the roots compared to leaves. It indicated that heavy metal pollution of trees is mainly from air pollution, For all top soil samples the mean concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr were 24.3, 17.3, 121.5, 63.9 and 88.7 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils were higher and their coefficient of variation was higher than those in urban parks. Comparing heavy metal concentrations in trees and soil between urban Guangzhou and Hainan Island, China, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr levels in soils and plants in urban Guangzhou were evidently affected by the human impact. However the heavy metal content in the soil compared to some international standards do not give cause for concern. Some observations on the implications of the data for environmental monitoring are made.

The Spatial Variability and Temporal Dynamics of Soil Properties as Affected by Visitors’ Pressure in an Urban Park

Soil properties and their tempo-spatial heterogeneity, affected by visitors’ pressure, season and soil depth, were studied in an urban park in Tel-Aviv. Soil was sampled twice yearly in wet and dry seasons. In each season soil was sampled from areas exposed to differing levels of visitors’ pressure (VP), and designated “no VP (Control)”, “High VP” and “Low VP”. The soil samples were taken from two depths. For each soil sample, moisture, organic matter and soluble-ion contents, pH, and electrical conductivity were determined. It was found that different properties were differently affected by VP, seasonal dynamics and soil depth: organic matter content, penetration depth and sodium concentration were the most sensitive to VP;Soil moisture did not respond to VP, but sharply reflected seasonal changes;Calcium and organic matter contents were significantly affected by the soil depth. The sensitivity of soil properties to VP increased from March to July, and the upper soil layer was more sensitive to seasonal dynamics and VP than the deeper layer. Some soil properties exhibited “spotty” patterns;others a “frontal” one. Organic matter content was completely controlled by VP at both depths and in both seasons, and could be used as an indicator of soil status in recreation areas. Visitors’ activities included trampling and other anthropogenic factors that enhanced the spatial changes and seasonal dynamics of soil properties. Based on these measurements the intensity of soil degradation and dynamics was evaluated and used to describe the soil status in an urban park.

国家水土保持科技示范园分布现状和布局思考

水土保持科技示范园是水土保持高质量发展的集中展示,发挥着示范引领、宣传教育、科学普及、科技推广等功能和服务。国家水土保持科技示范园创建工作于2004年开始,2007年命名了第一批国家水土保持科技示范园。截至2024年底,全国共有国家水土保持科技示范园166个,遍及全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)。通过分析国家水土保持科技示范园在流域、行政区、地域、水土保持区划、水土流失重点防治区、水土流失类型、城乡7个方面的分布特征,发现其存在分布不均衡、布局不科学、顶层设计缺失、人均数量差异大等问题,并提出各级行政区逐步覆盖、水土保持三级区划基本覆盖、推动重点区域建设等布局建议,以及统筹谋篇布局、强化政策引领、依托重点工程、加强共建共享等发展建议。

武汉市森林公园常见植物根际土壤微生物量碳分布及其影响因素

【研究目的】土壤微生物生物量碳是土壤有机质中最活跃的组分,研究植物根际土壤微生物量碳对认识土壤碳汇及土壤肥力具有重要意义。【研究方法】以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为研究对象,选择4种不同植物类型(乔木、小乔木、灌木、草本)随机设置33个采样点,研究不同植物群落根际土壤微生物量碳分布特征的主要驱动因子。【研究结果】①土壤微生物量碳在不同植物群落根际间存在显著差异,根际土壤微生物量碳的波动范围为270.76~908.44 mg/kg。②土壤微生物量碳与土壤有机碳(r=0.662,p<0.01)、无机氮(r=0.510,p<0.01)、碳磷比(r=0.519,p<0.01)、铵态氮(r=0.355,p<0.01)和硝态氮(r=0.485,p<0.01)显著正相关,而与土壤速效磷(r=−0.134,p<0.05)显著负相关。③不同植物群落根际间的土壤微生物生物量熵碳的变化范围为1%~4%,其中黑足鳞毛蕨植物群落的根际最高,桂花植物群落根际最弱。④土壤有机碳、碳磷比和无机碳是影响土壤微生物生物量碳的主要因子,而碳氮比(36.36%,p<0.01)和有机碳(24.42%,p<0.05)是决定土壤微生物生物量熵碳含量的关键。【结论】土壤碳氮比和有机碳是土壤微生物量熵碳的主要影响因子。不同植物根际土壤中微生物生物量碳间存在显著差异,相比之下黑足鳞毛蕨的根际土壤微生物固碳能力最高。

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor （or concentration factor）, ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average, vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results of integrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.

城市公园绿地土壤重金属的生物可利用性分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对福建省泉州市4个绿地公园的表层土壤中6种重金属(Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb)的总量、赋存形态含量和植物样品(兰花草、龙船花、鬼针草、肾蕨)中的重金属含量进行测定,分析其重金属在土壤-植物体系中的迁移特征和生物可利用性.结果表明:(1)表层土壤中Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb平均含量均大于福建省土壤背景值;(2)Mn、Zn、Pb、Cr以有效态为主,生物可利用性高,Ni、Cu以残渣态为主,但不能忽略其他形态在土壤中的迁移转化,次生相与原生相比值结果表明,Zn、Pb和Mn的生物可利用性较强;(3)不同植物不同部位对不同金属具有不同的富集迁移能力,植物对重金属的富集与迁移能力并非呈现相关关系.

Relationships among Environmental Lead in Playground Soils and Dust and Blood Lead of Children in Muncie, Indiana, USA

The present study was designed to assess lead levels in playground soil and accumulated dust on playground equipment and then correlate those environmental lead measurements with children’s blood lead in the surrounding neighborhoods. Soil lead and surface dust were collected from 14 playgrounds in Muncie, Indiana, and blood lead levels were calculated for nearby children. Correlation analyses revealed a moderate positive association between dust Pb and soil Pb with a correlation coefficient r = 0.46 (p = 0.099). The relationship between settled dust on playground equipment and composite blood lead level also showed a medium positive correlation, indicated by r = 0.36 (p = 0.202). A positive correlation was also observed between soil Pb and composite blood lead values, as evidenced by r = 0.51 (p = 0.061). Furthermore, the assessment of spatial autocorrelation using Moran’s I index indicated no significant spatial clustering for the variables studied (dust Pb, soil Pb, and blood Pb). Correlation analysis showed a connection between lead levels in soil and dust, but no significant links were found between soil lead and blood lead and between dust lead and blood lead. These results suggest that environmental lead in parks has a limited impact on children’s blood lead levels nearby. Spatial autocorrelation analysis also revealed no significant spatial patterns among variables—dust, soil, and blood lead. Given these findings, it is recommended to seek expertise from qualified professionals and further perform comprehensive testing and analysis to investigate potential lead sources in children’s blood. The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights into assessing playground environmental lead contamination, contributing to future research priorities in this area. Specifically, future studies could focus on collecting larger sample sizes and characterizing blood lead in children who frequently use playgrounds rather than those who live nearby but may or may not use the playgrounds.

Water Erosion in the Donga Soils in Subhumid Zone in West Africa

The runoff and soil loss were assessed in situ at the scale of 2.12 m2 plots during the rainy season of 2010 to better understand the determinants and magnitude of the massive soil loss and land subsidence (donga) in the sub-humid zone of Africa in Karimama, North Benin. The experimental design was a split plot with two factors: the topography in 3 modalities (upstream, center and downstream of the donga) was assigned as main plot factor and the degree of degradation of dongas in 2 modalities (beginner dongas and advanced dongas) was assigned as subplot factor. Runoff water was collected through a storage system composed of two tanks. Data were collected on 36 plots (9 plots per donga × 4 dongas). The runoff varies significantly from one site to another for the rainy episode of October 10, 2010. It is twice as high in land use areas (5.87 mm) as in W Park (2.32 mm;l.s.d. = 1.81 mm). From upstream to downstream, runoff and soil loss increased from 2.4 mm to 85.3 mm and 80 g·m-2 to 197 g·m-2, respectively. Runoff is high in the early dongas (7.60 mm) and low in the advanced dongas (5.68 mm) in contrast to lower soil loss in the early dongas (34 g·m-2) and high in the advanced dongas (237 g·m-2). The low value of soil loss with respect to the magnitude of the phenomenon suggests the probable occurrence of other soil loss mechanisms to be elucidated.

民勤县石羊河湿地公园春季土壤动物群落特征

2023年3-5月,对甘肃民勤石羊河公园4个功能区5个植被型组7个不同植物群系的土壤动物群落特征进行了调查。结果表明:共收集到土壤动物46个类群1488头,隶属于3门5纲13目25科。中小型土壤动物和大型土壤动物分别占97.38%和2.62%,线虫在群落结构中占绝对优势。中小型土壤动物中的优势类群为头叶属、真头叶属、臭蚁属;占总捕获量的48.58%;常见类群为丽突属、拟丽突属、短体属、鞘属、半懒甲螨属等16个类群,占总捕获量的47.13%;稀有类群有椎实螺属、耳萝卜螺属、两坑螺属、虹蛹螺属、逍遥蛛属等14个类群,占总捕获量的4.29%。大型土壤动物主要为拟步甲科和叩甲科,其中优势类群为琵琶甲属、蒙小鳖甲和尖尾东鳌甲,均为荒漠草原沙地种类。沙枣群系和油蒿群系土壤动物的个体数、类群数、丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于其他植物群系,优势度指数则较低。7个植物群系的土壤动物群落结构的相似性为中等不相似和极不相似。沙枣群系、白刺群系、多枝柽柳群系的土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,而油蒿群系、芨芨草群系和芦苇群系中的土壤动物垂直分布具有异质性。

西藏热振国家森林公园土壤原生动物群落沿海拔分布格局及其与环境因子的关联特征

土壤原生动物是土壤中一类微型单细胞真核生物,是土壤的关键组成部分,对土壤环境质量动态变化具有重要的指示作用。为了解不同海拔土壤原生动物群落组成、多样性、分布格局及其与环境因子的耦合关系,于2021年7月根据西藏热振国家森林公园地理特征设置了3种不同海拔(低,LA;中,MA;高,HA)共9个样地,采用“非淹没培养法”、“活体观察法”和“Wilbert蛋白银法”对土壤原生动物进行培养和形态学鉴定。结果表明,研究区3种不同海拔共鉴定出土壤原生动物76种,隶属2门12纲23目32科46属,优势纲为动鞭纲(Zoomastigophorea),占总物种数的22.37%。其中,低海拔以动鞭纲为主,中高海拔以肾形纲(Colpodea)占据优势,这与肾形纲的生长方式为R-对策有关。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数在3种海拔段之间均无显著差异。土壤pH、含水量在低海拔和高海拔间存在差异。共发生网络分析显示,3个不同海拔土壤原生动物物种的共现网络节点间的关系主要为正相关。Mantel分析和冗余分析结果显示,总磷是影响土壤原生动物群落组成的主要驱动因子。该研究结果有助于了解西藏热振国家森林公园生态系统变化,为青藏高原生态环境保护和可持续发展提供基础数据支持。

A Study on Geophagy by Asian Elephants at Udawalawe National Park,Sri Lanka

Geophagy is the deliberate consumption of earth materials such as soils,clays or sediments by human and animals.The ingested soil is chosen based on its physical,chemical,and mineralogical nature.Early studies reveal that geophagy functions through(1) adsorption/absorption of ingested toxic plant compounds onto clay particles,(2)mineral supplementation (Na,Mn,K,and S as the possible candidates),and(3)

湘江流域化工园区土壤与地下水重金属污染特征及相关性分析

目前针对化工园区的土壤重金属污染研究较多,但对其地下水重金属污染研究较少,特别是将土壤与地下水重金属污染相关联的研究更是寥寥无几。本论文针对湖南省湘江流域化工园区土壤与地下水中铅、铊、镉、汞、砷5种重金属污染特征,运用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价分析,对地下水污染因子进行评价与相关性分析,找到化工园区土壤与地下水重金属污染相关性。因此,以某一区域为代表将土壤与地下水重金属污染进行相关性分析,可为化工园区的土壤与地下水重金属污染的监管与防治提供重要指导作用。

毕节市典型农业园区土壤与农作物硒含量特征

本研究系统采集毕节市4个典型农业园区的表层土壤样品和农作物样品,并对测定数据进行处理分析,为毕节市富硒土地的开发利用和富硒农业的发展提供指导。结果表明,4个农业园区土壤硒平均含量均达到《天然富硒土地划定与标识》(DZ/T 0380—2021)的富硒阈值(0.4 mg/kg),土壤类型是影响土壤硒含量的重要因素。4个农业园区种植的农作物中,茶叶、水稻、玉米和中药材均有发展富硒农产品的潜力。

若尔盖国家自然公园四川片区不同生境下土壤细菌群落结构及多样性分析

[目的]揭示若尔盖国家自然公园四川片区不同生境下土壤细菌的群落结构及物种多样性。[方法]以若尔盖国家公园四川片区不同生境下的5种土壤(沼泽土、亚高山草甸土、草甸土、褐土和风沙土)为研究对象,借助高通量测序技术对土壤细菌多样性和群落结构进行分析,并讨论土壤理化性质与菌群结构的关系。[结果](1)在土壤细菌分类研究中,共鉴定出36个门,其中优势菌群为放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)。(2)在不同土壤细菌α-多样性分析中,亚高山草甸土(YGS)的Chao1、Observed Species、Shannon和Simpson指数均为最高,表明该土壤中细菌群落数量和多样性最高。(3)在不同土壤细菌β-多样性分析中,褐土(HT)、沼泽土(ZZT)、亚高山草甸土(YGS)以及风沙土(ST)相互高度重叠,表明该地区这4种土壤细菌群落结构组成相似,而草甸土(CD)土壤细菌群落具有显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)对不同生境的RDA冗余分析中,放线菌门与土壤pH呈正相关;变形菌门与土壤pH和全钾(TK)呈正相关;厚壁菌门与有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和含水量(MC)显著正相关。[结论]本研究揭示了若尔盖自然公园四川片区不同生境下土壤细菌群落组成结构的差异性和多样性,以及这些差异与环境因子的强相关性。该结果不仅有助于深化对土壤微生物生态学的理解,而且为土壤生态系统的管理提供了科学依据。

三江源国家公园土壤保持实物量计算——基于CSLE模型

土壤保持能力是生态产品价值中可调节产品的重要组成部分,在土壤侵蚀控制及生态环境改善方面具有关键作用。自我国开展国家公园体制以来,其对于三江源地区的土壤侵蚀模数及土壤保持能力的影响尚不明确。对比CSLE与USLE模型及其因子的差异,选取CSLE进行2000年与2020年的土壤侵蚀模数对比研究并计算黄河源区玛多县20年间土壤保持总量。结果表明:1)在研究区中,CSLE模型在区分不同土壤侵蚀模数强度时显著优于USLE模型,其对坡度坡长因子以及生物措施因子的优化计算方法可更精确地评估土壤侵蚀模数。2)从2000年至2020年,玛多县的土壤侵蚀强度得到了较大地改善,约有75%左右区域的土壤侵蚀模数具有明显下降,但仍有小部分区域的土壤侵蚀模数上升,其土壤侵蚀强度加剧。3)玛多县20年间土壤保持总量为1.683×10~6 t,在核算生态产品价值中的土壤保持量时,应以75%的土壤侵蚀模数减少的区域进行计算,而并非采用默认全区土壤均得到了有效保持的USLE公式进行计算。

典型化工园区土壤污染隐患排查现状研究与启示

为有效开展在产企业土壤污染源头防控工作,国家要求土壤重点监管单位开展土壤污染隐患排查。本文以某典型化工园区内24家重点监管企业2022年隐患排查工作为例,提出土壤污染隐患排查工作重点,并给出土壤污染隐患排查具体措施及结论,提出了技术需求与管理优化建议,为国内企业土壤污染隐患排查工作提供借鉴与参考。

成都市某工业园区及周围表层土壤中全氟化合物的分布特征与风险评估

综合型工业园具有工用和民用生产的双重功能,多领域的生产活动导致产生的污染物混杂且难以全面处理,可能造成更为广泛和严重的影响.本研究以成都市新津工业园及周围表层土壤环境为对象,分析其13种全氟化合物(PFASs)的浓度水平和空间分布特征.结果表明,该区域共有12种PFASs被检出,Σ12PFASs含量平均值为104.84 ng·g^(−1)(dw).在检出的12种PFASs中,含量较高的为PFHpA(平均值为72.99 ng·g^(−1),占比70%,下同)与PFOA(29.25 ng·g^(−1),28%)是该地区主要PFASs污染物.普通克里金插值法(OK)结果显示,PFASs向园区北面方向有递增趋势,浓度偏高,呈现大范围高污染的带状分布特征.通过差异性和主成分分析,该地区土壤中PFASs污染来源主要为园区内的PFHpA相关工业生产活动通过烟囱进行的扩散排放和大气沉降,其次为日常生活中PFASs的产生和排放.基于CSOIL模型的风险评估分析表明,该地区PFOA和PFOS风险值较小,但PFHpA人体暴露量较高,需对其持续关注.

某工业园区表层土壤稀土元素地球化学特征

为探究某工业园区表层土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征,了解其物质来源及影响因素,采集工业园区周边表层土壤样品,分析稀土元素的含量及空间分布特征,研究稀土元素的配分模式及特征参数,并探讨稀土元素的影响因素.结果表明:稀土元素总含量(WREE)范围为52.38—155.78 mg·kg^(−1),平均值105.02 mg·kg^(−1),空间分布特征显示稀土元素含量大体上呈现出南高北低的特征;球粒陨石标准化曲线表现为向右倾斜,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损;δCe范围为1.00—1.09,平均值1.04,存在轻微的正异常;δEu范围为0.65—0.76,平均值0.71,存在一定的负异常;(La/Yb)N范围为5.96—10.01,平均值7.86,轻重稀土元素之间存在显著的分异现象;(La/Sm)N范围为2.98—4.24,平均值3.42,(Gd/Yb)N范围为1.41—1.92,平均值1.65,轻稀土元素存在明显的分馏,重稀土元素分馏程度较低;研究区的成土母质是影响土壤稀土元素含量的主要因素,化学风化活动和矿物导致了轻重稀土元素的分异,人类活动影响了研究区土壤中稀土元素的空间分布,表明土壤中稀土元素主要来自于自然因素,但后期人类活动也会使其在空间上产生分异.

湖北某工业园区周边土壤重金属含量调查与评估

该文对湖北某工业园区周边土壤中的主要重金属含量进行调查,并依据GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》与GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》对其进行分析评价。结果表明,基于规划用地条件下的农用地土壤重金属出现一定程度的超标,超标因子以镉、砷、铅、铬、铜和锌为主;对超标因子进行单因子污染指数分析,各因子的污染程度从重到轻为镉、砷、锌、铅、铜、铬;对所有因子进行内梅罗指数分析可知,周边农用地点位表层土壤中,56.25%属于清洁和尚清洁水平,25%属于中轻度污染水平,18.75%处于重度污染水平;基于规划条件下建设用地土壤中的重金属均低于相应的标准限值要求,土壤环境质量总体较好。