Effect of initial ammonium concentration on a one-stage partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system:Nitrogen removal performance and the microbial community

One-stage partial nitrification coupled with anammox(PN/A)technology effectively reduces the energy consumption of a biological nitrogen removal system.Inhibiting nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)is essential for this technology to maintain efficient nitrogen removal performance.Initial ammonium concentration(IAC)affects the degree of inhibited NOB.In this study,the effect of the IAC on a PN/A biofilm was investigated in a moving bed biofilm reactor.The results showed that nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 82.49%±1.90%to 64.57%±3.96%after the IAC was reduced from 60 to 20 mg N/L,while the nitrate production ratio increased from 13.87%±0.90%to 26.50%±3.76%.NOB activity increased to1,133.86 mg N/m^(2)/day after the IAC decreased,approximately 4-fold,indicating that the IAC plays an important inhibitory role in NOB.The rate-limiting step in the mature biofilm of the PN/A system is the nitritation process and is not shifted by the IAC.The analysis of the microbial community structure in the biofilm indicates that the IAC was the dominant factor in changes in community structure.Ca.Brocadia and Ca.Jettenia were the main anammox bacteria,and Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main AOB and NOB,respectively.IAC did not affect the difference in growth between Ca.Brocadia and Ca.Jettenia.Thus,modulating the IAC promoted the PN/A process with efficient nitrogen removal performance at medium to low ammonium concentrations.

Enrichment of anammox biomass during mainstream wastewater treatment driven by achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers

Anammox is widely considered as the most cost-effective and sustainable process for nitrogen removal.However,how to achieve the enrichment of anammox biomass remains a challenge for its large-scale application,especially in mainstream wastewater treatment.In this study,the feasibility of enrichment of anammox biomass was explored through the realization of partial denitrification and the addition of bio-carriers.By using ordinary activated sludge,a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)followed by an up-fow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)was operated at 25±2℃ for 214 days.The long-term operation was divided into five phases,in which SBR and UASB were started-up in Phases I and II,respectively.By eliminating oxygen and adjusting the infow ratios in Phases III-V,advanced nitrogen removal was achieved with the effuent total nitrogen being 4.7 mg/L and the nitrogen removal efficiency being 90.5%in Phase V.Both in-situ and ex-situ activity tests demonstrated the occurrence of partial denitrification and anammox.Moreover,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Candidatus Brocadia was enriched from below the detection limit to in biofilms(0.4%in SBR,2.2%in UASB)and the foc sludge(0.2%in SBR,1.3%in UASB),while Thauera was mainly detected in the foc sludge(8.1%in SBR,8.8%in UASB),which might play a key role in partial denitrification.Overall,this study provides a novel strategy to enrich anammox biomass driven by rapid achievement of partial denitrification through the addition of bio-carriers,which will improve large-scale application of anammox processes in mainstream wastewater treatment.

Partial Nitrification from Domestic Wastewater by Aeration Control at Ambient Temperature

The objective of this paper was to examine the feasibility of partial nitrification from raw domestic wastewater at ambient temperature by aeration control only. Airflow rate was selected as the sole operational parameter. A 14L sequencing batch reactor was operated at 23℃ for 8 months, with an input of domestic wastewater. There was a prolgrammed decrease of the airflow rate to 28L·h^-1, the corresponding average dissolved oxygen （DO） was 0.32mg·h^-1, and the average nitrite accumulation rate increased to 92.4% in 3 weeks. Subsequently, further increase in the airflow rate to 48L·h^-1 did not destroy the partial nitrification to nitrite, with average DO of 0.60mg·h^-1 and nitrite accumulating rate of 95.6%. The results showed that limited airflow rate to cause oxygen deficiency in the reactor would eventually induce only nitrification to nitrite and not further to nitrate and that this system showed relatively stability at higher airflow rate independent of pH and temperature. About 50% of influent total nitrogen was eliminated coupling with partial nitrification, taking the advantage of low DO during the reaction.

Effects of Different Concentrations of Ammonia Nitrogen on N_2O Emission in the Process of Partial Nitrification

[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on N2O emission in the process of partial nitrification. [Method] By using a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) under intermittent aeration, the influences of various concentrations of influent ammonia nitrogen on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from partial nitrification were analyzed. [Result] When the concentration of influent ammonia nitrogen varied from 200 to 400 mg/L, the changing trends of DO and ORP value were consistent during the process of partial nitrification, and the concentration ratio of NO-2-N to NH+4-N in effluent water reached 1∶1, with lower NO-3-N level. In addition, ammonia nitrogen concentration in the influent had significant effects on N2O emission in the process of partial nitrification, that is, the higher the ammonia nitrogen concentration, the more the N2O emission. When ammonia nitrogen concentration was 400 mg/L, N2O emission was up to about 37 mg. [Conclusion] N2O emission in the process of partial nitrification might be related to the concentrations of NH+4 and NO-2.

Methanation and chemolitrophic nitrogen removal by an anaerobic membrane bioreactor coupled partial nitrification and Anammox

An AnMBR-PN/A system was developed for mainstream sewage treatment.To verify the efficient methanation and subsequent chemolitrophic nitrogen removal,a long-term experiment and analysis of microbial activity were carried out.AnMBR performance was less affected by the change of hydraulic retention time(HRT),which could provide a stable influent for subsequent PN/A units.The COD removal efficiency of AnMBR was>93%during the experiment,85.5%of COD could be recovered in form of CH4.With the HRT of PN/A being shortened from 10 to 6 h,nitrogen removal efficiency(NRE)of PN/A increased from 60.5%to 80.4%,but decreased to 68.8%when the HRTPN/A further decreased to 4 h.Microbial analysis revealed that the highest specific ammonia oxidation activity(SAOA)and the ratio of SAOA to specific nitrate oxidation activity(SNOA)provide stable NO_(2)^(−)-N/NH_(4)^(+)-N for anammox,and anammox bacteria(mainly identified as Candidatus Brocadia)enriched at the bottom of Anammox-UASB might play an important role in nitrogen removal.In addition,the decrease of COD in Anammox-UASB indicated partial denitrification occurred,which jointly promoted nitrogen removal with anammox.

Feasibility of low-intensity ultrasound treatment with hydroxylamine to accelerate the initiation of partial nitrification and allow operation under intermittent aeration

Partial nitrification is a key aspect of efficient nitrogen removal,although practically it suf-fers from long start-up cycles and unstable long-term operational performance.To address these drawbacks,this study investigated the effect of low intensity ultrasound treatment combined with hydroxylamine(NH2OH)on the performance of partial nitrification.Results showthat compared with the control group,low-intensity ultrasound treatment(0.10W/mL,15 min)combined with NH2OH(5 mg/L)reduced the time required for partial nitrification initiation by 6 days,increasing the nitrite accumulation rate(NAR)and ammonia nitro-gen removal rate(NRR)by 20.4% and 6.7%,respectively,achieving 96.48% NRR.Mechanis-tic analysis showed that NH2OH enhanced ammonia oxidation,inhibited nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)activity and shortened the time required for partial nitrification initiation.Furthermore,ultrasonication combined with NH2OH dosing stimulated EPS(extracellular polymeric substances)secretion,increased carbonyl,hydroxyl and amine functional group abundances and enhanced mass transfer.In addition,16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that ultrasonication-sensitive Nitrospira disappeared from the ultrasound+NH_(2)OH system,while Nitrosomonas gradually became the dominant group.Collectively,the results of this study provide valuable insight into the enhancement of partial nitrification start-up during the process of wastewater nitrogen removal.

Removal of pathogenic indicator microorganisms during partial nitrification:the role of free nitrous acid

Digested wastewater contains pathogenic microorganisms and high ammonia concentrations,which can pose a potential risk to public health.Effective removal of pathogens and nitrogen is crucial for the post-treatment of digested wastewater.Partial nitrification-anammox is an energy-saving nitrogen removal process.Free nitrous acid(FNA),an intermediate product of partial nitrification,has the potential to inactivate microorganisms.However,the efficiency and mechanisms of FNA-related inactivation in pathogens during partial nitrification remains unclear.In this study,Enterococcus and Escherichia coli(E.coli)were selected to investigate the efficiency and mechanisms of FNA-related inactivation in partial nitrification process.The results revealed that 83%±13%and 59%±27%of E.coli and Enterococcus were removed,respectively,in partial nitrification process at FNA concentrations of 0.023−0.028 mg/L.When the concentration of FNA increased from 0 to 0.5 mg/L,the inactivation efficiencies of E.coli and Enterococcus increased from 0 to 99.9%and 89.9%,respectively.Enterococcus exhibited a higher resistance to FNA attack compared to E.coli.3D-laser scanning microscopy(3D-LSM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that FNA exposure caused the surface collapse of E.coli and Enterococcus,as well as visible pore formation on the surface of E.coli cells.4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride n-hydrate(DAPI)/propidium iodide(PI)and biomolecule leakage confirmed that inactivation of E.coli and Enterococcus occurred due to breakdown of cell walls and cell membranes.These findings indicate that partial nitrification process can be used for the removal of residual pathogenic microorganisms.

Effects of Aeration Rates and Patterns on Shortcut Nitrification and Denitrification

The effects of aeration rates and aeration patterns on the oxidation of ammonia-nitrogen into nitrite were investigated. The influent high ammonia-nitrogen synthetic wastewater resembled to those of the catalytic process of the petrochemical refinery. The method involved the biological shortcut nitrification and denitrification lab-scale’s sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process based on intermittent aerations and aeration patterns. All the operations were carried out in a 20 L working volume SBR bioreactor, and the influent synthetic wastewater’s concentration was always 1000 mg/L ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N concentration at a C/N (carbon/nitrogen) ratio of 2.5:1. Effective shortcut nitrification to nitrite was registered at 1.1 mg-O2/L (i.e. 9 L-air/min) with 99.1% nitrification efficiency, 99.0% nitritation rate and 2.6 mg-NO3--N/L nitrate concentration. The best results with 99.3% nitrification efficiency were recorded when operating at 1.4 mg-O2/L (i.e. 12 L-air/min). According to these experiments, it results that the nitrite accumulation rate was related to aeration rate and cycle’s duration. However, at 1.7 mg-O2/L (i.e. 15 L-air/min), the system was limited by an increase in nitrate concentration with more than 5 mg/L which could be a point of reverse to conventional nitrification. The best total nitrogen (TN) removal was about 71.5%.

交替饥饿下PN1/PN2系统抑制NOB研究

为了抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的生长繁殖,采用序批式反应器(SBR)运行PN1/PN2系统,设置4组反应器R1~R4,分别设置连续运行段和交替饥饿/恢复运行段.饥饿期溶解氧(DO)浓度分别设置为(1±0.5),(2±0.5),(3±0.5),(4±0.5)mg/L,探讨交替周期的选取、饥饿期DO条件对功能菌活性、污泥浓度、粒径及胞外聚合物(EPS)的影响,以期实现部分硝化段的稳定运行.结果显示,相比于好氧氨氧化菌(AOB),NOB在面对饥饿时表现得更为敏感,活性衰减速率更高,恢复期前3d AOB的活性恢复速率高于NOB,因此3d的交替周期能够有效抑制NOB并保留AOB活性.采用交替周期为3d的交替饥饿/恢复策略进行70d的运行,4组反应器的亚硝酸盐氮积累率(NAR)分别达到73.36%、84.43%、91.21%、95.97%,运行过程中出现了污泥减量化的现象,但经过一段时间的适应后R1~R3的污泥浓度能够保持稳定,而R4则呈下降趋势;交替饥饿/恢复策略使系统逐渐排除沉降性能较差的絮体,而沉降性能好的污泥留在反应器内,第70d 4个反应器的污泥粒径分别达到190.69,197.56,207.69,153.56µm;环境变化刺激微生物分泌更多EPS,因此4组反应器污泥的EPS含量都呈现不同幅度的升高.实验结果表明交替饥饿/恢复策略可以刺激污泥产生有利的变化,实现有效的NOB抑制以及稳定的NO_(2)^(-)-N积累.

AOA后置短时低氧曝气实现短程硝化反硝化除磷

为培养亚硝酸盐型反硝化聚磷菌实现好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)短程硝化内源反硝化除磷,设置3组同规格以厌氧/好氧/缺氧后置短时曝气(AO_(1)A-O_(2))模式运行的SBR,各反应器好氧段/后置好氧段(O_(1)/O_(2))的曝气强度和曝气时间均不同,通过对比3组反应器60 d的运行情况,探究各系统污染物处理性能和功能菌活性。结果表明,后置短时低氧曝气10 min且O_(1)、O_(2)的曝气强度分别为5、2.5 L/(h·L)的R2脱氮除磷效果最佳,其COD、TP、NH^(+)_(4)-N、TN去除率达95.49%、95.57%、100%、95.52%。通过短时好氧饥饿和低溶解氧可以创造出短程硝化内源反硝化除磷的最适环境,R2中约60%的除磷菌为DPAOs,且亚硝酸盐型聚磷菌最多,可达38.76%,其反应器好氧段的亚硝酸盐积累率(R_(NA))为74.19%,实现了较高的NO^(-)_(2)-N积累,游离亚硝酸(FNA)为1.03μg/L,可抑制PAOs和NOB,同时富集出更多的AOB和DPAOs。

热处理污泥联合间歇梯度曝气实现短程硝化

提出了一种结合热处理污泥和间歇梯度曝气的新策略.在为期120d的实验中,探索了联合策略对氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)的影响.并在此基础上,以排泥比为主要变量,进一步优化短程硝化运行的长期稳定性.结果显示,在未添加外部碳源的条件下,间歇梯度曝气(DO:2.0mg/L//DO:1.2mg/L//DO:0.5mg/L)可以快速恢复因热处理而活性降低的AOB,并在5d内亚硝酸盐氮积累率(NAR)达到80%以上.在稳定运行阶段,比氨氧化速率(SAOR)和比亚硝酸盐氧化速率(SNPR)分别为30.12和6.69mg N/(gVSS⋅h),氨氮出水浓度低于0.1mg/L,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的出水浓度分别为53.42和8.01mg/L.进一步研究表明,排泥比设置为1%的反应器相较于排泥比分别为0.5%和1.5%的反应器,展现出更高的NAR(88.96%)和稳定性.

基于短周期调控的SPNPR-A系统脱氮除磷研究

建立了短周期循环调控低浓度亚硝酸盐(NO_(2)^(-)-N)的短程硝化同步除磷耦合厌氧氨氧化(SPNPR-A)系统,SPNPR系统以厌氧/好氧模式运行,通过短周期运行时长调控系统内NO_(2)^(-)-N浓度用以淘洗亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB),同步富集氨氧化菌(AOB)和聚磷菌(PAOs),最终实现同步脱氮除磷功能.结果表明:SPNPR系统内NO_(2)^(-)-N浓度维持在10mg/L左右时可有效抑制NOB活性.70d后SPNPR系统2个短周期的亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)分别达到90.40%和88.93%,SPNPR-A系统总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有机物(COD)的平均去除率分别为87.45%、84.30%和94.26%.第60d时,比氨氧化速率(SAOR)和AOB的比氧利用速率(SOUR_(AOB))分别为8.47mgN/(gMLVSS·h)和12.71mgO_(2)/(gMLVSS·h);比硝态氮生成速率(SNPR)和NOB的比氧利用速率(SOUR_(NOB))分别为0.82mgN/(gMLVSS·h)和0.41mgO_(2)/(gMLVSS·h).高通量测序结果表明,第70d时SPNPR系统属水平上的AOB功能菌属Nitrosomonas(6.46%)和Nitrosospira(0.64%),丰度远高于NOB功能菌属Nitrospira(0.14%)和Nitrobacter(0.01%),同时聚磷菌属Candidatus_Accumulibacter(1.61%)和Tetrasphaera(0.89%)得到富集,使得SPNPR-A系统具备同步脱氮除磷性能.

结晶磷回收联合A/O工艺处理猪场沼液工艺特性

厌氧发酵广泛用于猪场废水的前端处理,该过程将产生大量沼液。在中国受土地消纳能力限制,相当一部分猪场沼液不得不经处理后达标排放。猪场沼液含有高浓度污染物,目前仍缺少高效的处理工艺。化学磷回收与A/O工艺均已有较好应用基础,该研究尝试联合结晶磷回收与A/O系统设计了一套具有工程可行性的猪场沼液处理工艺,并以实际猪场沼液为处理对象,探究了该工艺的污染物去除效能与机制。A/O系统缺氧、好氧反应器水力停留时间(HRT,hydraulic retention time)分别为3.4、8.6 h,硝化液回流比为200%,结晶反应器HRT为15min。试验结果表明,所设计工艺获得了较好的污染物去除效果,TP(总磷)、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN(总氮)、COD(化学需氧量)的去除率分别达到91.20%、94.67%、83.28%和96.18%;工艺同时实现了磷的高效回收,磷回收率(结晶单元对TP去除的贡献率)达到93.44%。缺氧、好氧单元对COD、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N的去除贡献率分别为75.24%、47.66%、17.30%与24.76%、30.92%、62.75%;该工艺条件下,缺氧单元发生了明显的厌氧氨氧化过程,好氧单元可能通过同步硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化等过程实现了部分TN的去除。结晶单元主要结晶产物为MgNH_(4)PO_(4),同步去除了部分TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N,去除贡献率分别为21.39%、19.92%。该研究可为猪场沼液处理及资源回收提供参考。

不同粒径零价铁对微氧脱氮系统的影响

构建了部分硝化反硝化厌氧氨氧化(SNAD)微氧体系,并定期向体系内投加120 mg不同粒径的零价铁(ZVI),从反应器运行情况、微生物性能以及群落结构来探究不同粒径ZVI对微氧系统的影响。研究结果表明,在50 nm粒径ZVI(50 nZVI)的介导下,系统的TIN去除率最终稳定在83.591%,电子传递活性(ETSA)是接种污泥的1.48倍,均高于其他粒径ZVI的影响。越小粒径ZVI越能促进胞外聚合物的产生,有利于活性污泥结构稳定。这都源于粒径越小的ZVI更容易被微生物吸附、利用。微生物群落结构与功能分析结果表明,在粒径越小的ZVI介导下的微生物群落多样性越高,群落结构也越复杂。ZVI介导会促进对氧需求不敏感的微生物的富集,样品中主要检测出Candidatus_Brocadia和Candidatus_Kuenenia两种厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB),且在50 nZVI影响下丰度最高,分别为4.650%和0.692%。nZVI介导下,AnAOB与Gemmobacter和norank_f_Comamonadaceae两种兼性厌氧型反硝化菌共同作用构成SNAD的脱氮途径。而在mZVI介导下,兼性厌氧型反硝化为主要脱氮途径。

基于有机物能源化的自养/异养生物脱氮工艺性能

针对厌氧内循环反应器(IC)-缺氧好氧工艺(AO)的传统硝化反硝化脱氮在高有机碳,高氨废水处理过程中能源回收利用率低,脱氮能耗大的问题,设计了IC高效甲烷化,以部分亚硝化/厌氧氨氧化(PN/A)为主的自养脱氮工艺(CANON)处理该类废水,探讨了工程规模下IC-CANON在能源回收和脱氮过程中的运行特性,并评估了其与传统IC-AO能源回收,脱氮稳定性和能耗水平的差异.结果表明,当IC出水C/N 0.5~1时,CANON工艺氮去除速率(NRR)最高达到0.24kg/(m^(3)·d),总氮去除率(NRE)(76.2%±5%),Anammox最小脱氮贡献率在70%以上.当C/N 1.9~4时,一级AO的NRR最高达到0.14kg/(m^(3)·d),NRE为(89.6%±0.9%).当进水氮负荷(NLR)在0.22~0.32kg/(m^(3)·d)波动下,CANON的NRE和Anammox最小贡献率维持在70%和65%以上.当进水C/N增加到2.2时,CANON中Anammox活性被抑制,NRE从76%下降至45.4%,CANON抗NLR冲击能力较强,抗有机负荷冲击能力较差.一级AO在C/N和NLR分别为0.6~6.6kg/(m^(3)·d)和0.06~0.16kg/(m^(3)·d)波动下,NRE维持在90%左右,对比Canon,AO工艺同时具有较好的抗NLR和有机负荷冲击能力.当CANON工艺NRR达到0.21kg/(m^(3)·d)以上,脱氮能耗为3.5~3.6k Wh/kg N,对比相同进出水条件的AO工艺可以节省(77.8%±1.8%),同时IC能源回收率由62.1%增加至89.2%.

短程硝化-ANAMMOX反应器处理城市污水过程中脱氮微生物的群落解析

对基于短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化反应体系实现低氨氮城市生活污水的稳定脱氮进行了实验分析.稳定时,反应体系的总氮去除率达80%.对反应器活性污泥中脱氮微生物进行了多样性分析.结果表明,低溶氧的短程硝化反应器中,与Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcusmobilis相似性较高的氨氧化细菌,以及分别与Nitrobacter vulgaris和Nitrospira defluvii相似性较高的亚硝酸盐氧化菌是优势菌种;厌氧氨氧化反应器中,与Kuenenia stuttgartiensis相似性较高的厌氧氨氧化细菌是优势菌种.并对厌氧氨氧化反应器中总细菌的群落结构进行了解析,发现大量属于Proteobacteria门、Chloroflexi门和Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi门的细菌与anammox细菌共存.

厌氧氨氧化菌种类及其与各类功能菌在ANAMMOX系统内的协作

对目前所发现并报道的共计6个属27种厌氧氨氧化菌进行了总结,结合厌氧氨氧化与短程硝化、短程反硝化、反硝化、厌氧甲烷氧化以及硫自养反硝化5类耦合脱氮工艺,介绍了厌氧氨氧化菌与氨氧化菌、亚硝酸盐氧化菌、反硝化菌、硫自养反硝化菌以及厌氧甲烷氧化菌之间的相互协作过程,比较了各工艺的优势与不足,归纳了5类耦合工艺的研究重点与难点。认为可以通过多参数在线监测技术的开发及各耦合工艺模型的建立,以达到对反应工况实时控制;同时随着对各生化反应电子传递链,以及基于厌氧氨氧化的污水处理工艺内各功能菌群的协作关系的深入了解,存在问题将迎来更优化的解决方案。

垃圾渗滤液处理同步填埋气脱硫脱碳提纯

为研究二级膜生物膜反应器(MBfR)在处理垃圾渗滤液协同垃圾填埋气脱硫脱碳提纯方面的效能与机制,依次考察了前置短程硝化MBfR和后置MBfR运行过程中有机物和氮素污染物的去除效能,以及垃圾填埋气中H_(2)S、CO_(2)和CH_(4)的转化特性。实验结果表明:在反应系统运行280 d后,成功实现了渗滤液深度处理协同填埋气高效脱硫脱碳。通过控制前置反应器低溶氧,亚硝化率可达85%以上,可实现短程硝化和DAMO-Anammox过程的耦合。系统对COD、NH_(4)^(+)和TN的平均去除率分别可达95%、99%和99%,可实现垃圾渗滤液高效减碳脱氮;垃圾填埋气经过净化后的CO_(2)和H_(2)S气体成分分别降低至0.2%以下和5%左右,而CH_(4)气体成分提高至80%左右,显著提升了垃圾填埋气的质量。反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化古菌和产甲烷古菌在电子转移系统中表现出高活跃性,暗示其通过直接电子转移的种间关系,可强化CO_(2)还原产CH_(4)过程。本研究中,高效的填埋气升级效果一方面归功于富集了电活性产甲烷菌Methanothrix和硫自养反硝化细菌Thiobacillus;另一方面,高有机负荷的厌氧产甲烷过程消耗大量质子,从而提高体系碱性并增加液相中可吸收的CO_(2)量。这进一步促进了垃圾填埋气中CO_(2)含量减少和CH_(4)含量增加。

基于PVA-SA包埋颗粒的短程硝化AO工艺脱氮性能优化

采用聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)包埋材料固定短程硝化活性污泥在连续流AO(Anaerobic/Oxic)反应器中处理生活污水并实现稳定的短程硝化.利用响应曲面法,对水力停留时间(HRT)、内循环比以及填充率等参数进行研究,探讨了对亚硝酸盐积累率(NAR)和总氮去除率(NRE)的影响,并成功建立了二次回归模型.结果表明,控制参数HRT为6.43h,内循环比为2.93,好氧段填充率为25%,此时NAR和NRE效果最佳,分别达到86.22%和86.56%,表明该工艺具有良好的脱氮性能.此外,还通过活死细菌及原位荧光杂交(FISH)发现,活菌主要分布在颗粒表面0~500μm范围内,死菌分布在0~300μm范围内,并随着深度增加荧光强度逐渐降低.最后,16SrRNA测序结果表明,长期运行的包埋颗粒相比于短程硝化活性污泥中Nitrosomonas的相对丰度由0.013%增加到5.02%,Nitrospira由0.055%增加到1.99%,硝化细菌中亚硝酸氧化细菌(NOB)的比例被降低,而氨氧化细菌(AOB)的比例升高,促进了短程硝化脱氮效果的稳定.

具有吡啶降解功能的好氧颗粒污泥培养及同步脱氮

采用序批式(SBR)反应器,以反硝化颗粒污泥为晶核、通过投加吡啶高效降解菌进行好氧颗粒污泥的培养,考察了不同运行周期条件下,好氧颗粒污泥系统中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、吡啶-N和细菌胞外聚合物(EPS)的变化情况,在此基础上研究了高低溶解氧交替运行方式对SBR反应器运行效果的影响。结果表明:所培养的好氧颗粒污泥团聚紧密,外观呈黄色椭圆状或球状,粒径为1~3 mm;当运行周期为8 h、进水吡啶质量浓度为3000 mg/L时,出水吡啶质量浓度低于检出限(2 mg/L),EPS含量达到最大,为95 mg/g(以MLSS计);高低溶解氧交替运行的方式既有利于提高脱氮效率,又能够降低动力消耗;在SBR反应器运行周期为8 h、进水氯化铵质量浓度为250 mg/L、吡啶质量浓度为3000 mg/L的条件下,TN去除率为51.7%,NO_(2)^(-)-N积累率为95.5%。