Behavior of slender steel concrete composite columns in eccentric loading

Ten slender steel reinforced cencrete （SRC） composite columns are tested under eccentric loading conditions. Effects of concrete strength, slenderness of columns and eccentricity of the axial load are studied. The load-carrying capacity is reduced with increased slenderness ratio and eccentricity. Concrete strength has no obvious influence on eccentrically loaded columns. Then, a nonlinear numerical method of pin-ended slender columns is also presented. This method is applicable for determining the material failure load or buckling failure load of a slender steel reinforced concrete composite column. In this method both material and geometric nonlinearities are taken into account. The results of numerical analysis accord well with the test results. The test results are also compared with the results predicted by ACI318-05 and the China Specifications.

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.

Evaluation of Current Design Practices on Estimation of Axial Capacity of Concrete Encased Steel Composite Stub Columns： A Review

This paper presents the design assessment of concrete encased I-sections composite column based approaches given in Eurocode, ACI Code, BS Code and AISC-LRFD. This study includes comparison of various design parameters and evaluation of design strength based on the procedures predicted in the various codes of practices. A practical example has been assumed and calculation has been shown to evaluate their potentiality in understanding in predicting the potentiality of various procedures. The obtained results based on the methods varies widely, because of the different design considerations adopted by the different codes. As such, they have hardly considered the effect of confinement of the concrete due to the presence of longitudinal reinforcements as well as lateral ties. The study has attempted to throw light on critical review and their potentiality in assessing the strength of such concrete encased composite column under purely axial loads.

Static behavior of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints with bolted partial-depth flush end plate:experimental study

A new type of semi-rigid thin-walled steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joint has been proposed in this paper.Five semi-rigid composite beam-to-column joint specimens subjected to hogging moments under monotonic loading were tested to study the static behavior of this new type of joint.The main variable parameters for the five joint specimens were the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and the joint type.The experimental results designated that the magnitude of extension of the longitudinal reinforcement is the most important factor that influenced the moment-rotation characteristic of the new type of joint.The concrete slabs could resist 3.8%-19.1% of the total shear load applied to the cross-sections near the beam-to-column connection.The edge stiffened elements,such as the flange of the lipped I-section thin-walled steel beam,were capable of having considerable inelastic deformation capacity although they had comparatively large width-to-thickness ratios.The shear failure of the concrete cantilever edge strip must be taken into account in practical design because it has significant influence on the anchorage of the longitudinal reinforcement in the new type of external joints.

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

Experimental Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns

During the modernization or rehabilitation activity,the demolished structural waste causes large soil pollution and unavailability of natural aggregate is the big concern for the construction industry.Therefore,this manuscript deals with the Composite Steel Circular Column(CSCC)with Recycled Aggregate concrete(RAC)as infill is partly used,with the replacement of 25%and 50%in M30 grade of Concrete.And internal reinforcement steel is fully replaced by rolled steel tubes(circular and square)with varied thickness,ISA-unequal angle.Around 14 specimens are cast and examined under axial load for analysis of the deflection characteristics,the load-bearing capacity along with its buckling behavior.The experimental values are estimated through LVDT(linear variable differential transducer)at 3-phase.The curve of load-deflection is drawn with the load pattern.From the date interpretation,it is found column made of 50%-RAC has more than 25%-RAC.

Seismic behavior of thin-walled circular and stiffened square steel tubed-reinforced-concrete columns

Steel tubed-reinforced-concrete(TRC) columns have been gradually used in the construction of high-rise buildings recently because of their high axial load-carrying capacities and excellent seismic behavior. Existing studies about their seismic behavior were focused on columns with relatively thick tubes, i.e., diameter-to-thickness/width-to-thickness(D/t) ratios were below 100,while little is known about thin-walled TRC columns, especially for square TRC columns. Considering the infilled concrete of square TRC columns is non-uniformly and non-effectively confined, accordingly, stiffened square TRC columns are usually adopted in practice. Thus, two thin-walled circular TRC columns(D/t=120) and two stiffened square ones with diagonal stiffeners in plastic hinge regions(D/t=106) were tested under a constant axial compression combined with cyclic lateral loading.Both the circular and stiffened square TRC columns had the same cross sectional area, tube thickness, reinforcing bar ratio and column height. Flexural failure occurred for all the four specimens. Test results showed the strengths of the stiffened square TRC columns were a little higher in comparison to their circular counterparts; the ductility and energy dissipation capacities were excellent for both the stiffened and circular TRC columns, indicating very good confinement was gained from the yielded steel tubes of the plastic hinge regions at the peak loads. And shear stresses(35–90 MPa) in the sheared plates showed their moderate contribution of carrying lateral loads. Finally, cross sectional capacity analysis results demonstrated the method for TRC columns is acceptable for the stiffened square TRC columns.

双壁波纹钢管混凝土构件短柱轴压力学性能

为改善空心钢筋混凝土柱(HRC)的使用与受力性能,提出一种双壁波纹钢管混凝土(CFDCST)构件。本文共进行了4个大尺寸双壁波纹钢管混凝土短柱与2个空心钢筋混凝土短柱的轴压试验,关键试验参数为试件类型与波纹钢管类型。分析构件的破坏模式,对比不同参数下构件的承载力、峰值应变、延性系数等关键力学指标,获得荷载-波纹钢管应变关系曲线以揭示试件的约束机理并验证外波纹钢管类型的影响。试验结果表明:外波纹钢管可为夹层混凝土提供约束作用,且螺旋角越小,外波纹钢管的约束作用越强;内波纹钢管则主要为夹层混凝土内壁提供有效支撑,以保持截面的完整性。名义约束效应系数与空心率相近时,由于咬口滑移影响,大螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土比小螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土的峰值应力、峰值应变与延性系数分别降低15.5%、21.8%与16.7%。在总用钢量相近的情况下,小螺旋角双壁波纹钢管混凝土柱的承载力、峰值应变与延性系数分别比空心钢筋混凝土柱提高10.6%、36.2%与50.0%。基于试验结果,检验了3种典型承载力公式的适用性,并提出了相应设计建议。

部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究不同连接构造的部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点(PEC梁柱节点)的抗震性能,对2个PEC梁柱节点试件进行了拟静力加载试验,研究了低周往复荷载作用下PEC梁柱节点试件的破坏现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等抗震性能。结果表明:强轴连接PEC梁柱节点的滞回曲线呈梭形和弓形,在达到极限承载力后仍能保持一定的延性和耗能能力;弱轴连接PEC梁柱节点牛腿与梁间的焊缝处发生破坏,未展现出预期的耗能能力,PEC梁仍在弹塑性状态,没有达到极限状态;PEC梁柱节点核心区混凝土替换为加劲肋板后,试件仍具有较好的承载力、延性和耗能能力,刚度退化规律无明显变化,且强轴连接节点与弱轴连接节点刚度变化规律基本一致;PEC柱牛腿设计过短会导致焊缝连接处断裂,试件延性和耗能能力得不到发挥,剩余刚度较大。

马鞍山长江公铁大桥Z3号桥塔施工关键技术

巢马城际铁路马鞍山长江公铁大桥主航道桥为(112+392+2×1120+392+112)m三塔钢桁梁斜拉桥,Z3号桥塔为超高多肢钢-混组合塔,高308 m。上塔柱钢结构高87.5 m,分13个吊装节段,最重505 t;中、下塔柱混凝土结构高217.5 m,分38个节段液压爬模施工;钢-混结合段高3 m,内部采用PBL键+剪力钉+高强度钢锚杆+高强度混凝土结构形式。在中塔柱设置钢管临时横撑控制塔柱线形及应力;下横梁采用落地支架法分层施工,与对应塔柱同步浇筑;钢-混结合段混凝土采用C60细石补偿收缩混凝土+高强度灌浆料,保证了混凝土施工质量;采用工厂“2+1”立体匹配制造、“提升站+运输栈桥”钢塔节段转运等技术,并研制15000 t•m超大型塔吊,实现了钢塔柱大节段的制造、整体滩地运输和吊装;钢塔节段间采用栓焊组合连接形式,通过设置工艺隔板、双面坡口等措施控制了钢塔焊接变形;利用定位桁架临时锁定钢塔合龙段实现了钢塔的精确合龙,定位桁架受力及变形均满足要求。

圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱滞回性能非线性有限元分析

基于圆钢管型钢再生混凝土组合柱低周反复荷载试验研究,采用OpenSees软件对该组合柱进行了滞回性能数值分析,获取了组合柱的滞回曲线及抗震性能指标,并与试验结果进行了比较,验证了组合柱数值模型的合理性。在此基础上,对组合柱的滞回性能开展了参数影响分析。结果表明:再生骨料取代率从0增大到100%,组合柱的峰值荷载下降了7.78%,延性略有降低;提高再生混凝土强度、型钢强度及圆钢管强度,对于提升组合柱的承载力及刚度是有利的,但却使组合柱的脆性增大;随着轴压比的增大,组合柱的承载力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而延性逐渐变差;型钢配钢率从5.54%增至9.99%,组合柱的峰值荷载提高了24.34%,但对于改善组合柱的延性不明显;增大钢管壁厚对组合柱的承载力和延性均是有利的。

开槽侧板加强型连接梁柱节点子结构抗连续倒塌性能研究

为了优化侧板加强型节点的抗连续倒塌性能,提出了一种开槽侧板加强型梁柱连接节点形式。通过静力加载试验,得到了新型节点子结构的破坏模式、竖向抗力发展机制、应变分布、延性水平和动力承载力等。试验结果表明:钢梁翼缘在盖板附近首先开裂并向腹板外排螺栓中部延伸贯穿,导致竖向承载力快速下降为峰值荷载的20%左右。相比传统侧板加强型和圆弧扩盖板型梁柱节点,新型节点的峰值承载力分别提高了62.1%和19.6%,塑性弦转角分别提高了203.6%和25.8%。通过有限元分析得到了试件的断裂路径发展过程,进一步地通过参数化分析发现:扩大过焊孔构造对改善峰值后塑性弦转角及残余强度提升无明显作用;随着螺栓群远离钢梁翼缘起始断裂位置,最小残余强度比不断增大,但峰值后塑性弦转角呈先增大后减小的趋势;当螺栓群内移45mm时,峰值后塑性弦转角及最小残余强度比分别达到0.149rad和0.88,提高了38.2%和200.8%。

某超高层项目钢管混凝土组合柱应用

某超高层项目荷载较大,导致框架柱截面较大,严重影响建筑空间使用。采用钢管混凝土组合柱,和型钢混凝土柱相比,标准层每根柱节约建筑有效使用面积1.5~1.8m^(2),结构主体成本节约近1000万元。提出了对钢管进行开孔的梁柱节点做法并分析五种不同节点方案,采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS进行仿真分析,充分考虑框架梁对节点的约束作用,得到五种节点方案的极限承载力及钢管的最大应力,结果表明采用钢管开孔的梁柱节点做法可行,并得到最合理的开孔形式;分别对7种不同箍筋形式进行受力性能分析,并考虑实际施工因素,得到最为合理的箍筋设置形式。

界面焊接环向钢筋的钢管混凝土叠合柱抗剪性能研究

为研究界面焊接环向钢筋的钢管混凝土叠合柱的抗剪性能,以环向钢筋的布置间距和直径为研究参数,对6根叠合柱试件进行了横向剪切静力试验和数值模拟,分析了各参数对试件的破坏过程、破坏形态、荷载-跨中挠度曲线以及抗剪承载力的影响规律。研究结果表明:界面环向钢筋布置方案不同的叠合柱试件破坏形态基本相同,均发生斜压破坏;试件的受力过程可划分为弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、强化阶段和破坏阶段四个阶段;随着界面环向钢筋布置间距的减小,试件的抗剪承载力提高显著,最大增幅达22%;增大界面环向钢筋的直径可提高试件的抗剪承载力,但作用效果有限,最大增幅仅为6.1%。通过试验数据对有限元模型的有效性进行验证,并进一步分析了不同阶段有限元模型的应力状态,明确了此类叠合柱的受剪机理。

钢管混凝土叠合柱-H型钢梁外套筒式连接节点抗震性能试验与有限元研究

以钢管混凝土叠合柱为研究对象,设计了一种高强对穿螺栓连接的外套筒式梁柱节点。为了研究该新型节点的抗震性能和破坏机理,对3个缩尺比为1∶2的节点进行了拟静力试验。观察节点损伤过程及破坏模式,分析了梁端荷载-位移滞回曲线、骨架曲线、节点延性及耗能能力,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,研究套筒宽厚比和加强肋板厚度对节点抗震性能影响。试验及有限元研究结果表明:节点滞回曲线饱满,延性系数介于3.13~4.19之间,等效黏滞阻尼系数介于0.211~0.296之间,节点域的变形较大且耗能能力较强;随着套筒厚度增大,核心区混凝土开裂减少,破坏位置由节点外移至梁端截面;减小套筒宽厚比和增大加强肋板厚度可以有效提高节点刚度。为保证外套筒式节点达到刚性节点要求,建议套筒宽厚比不大于25,加强肋板厚度不小于梁翼缘厚度。

可滑动钢锚箱组合索塔锚固结构力学性能试验研究

佛山富龙西江特大桥4~26号斜拉索塔上锚固采用可滑动钢锚箱组合索塔锚固结构,为掌握这种新型索塔锚固结构的力学性能,开展1∶2缩尺模型试验,对滑动副的工作性能、钢锚箱和混凝土塔柱应力状态、钢锚箱与混凝土塔柱间竖向相对滑移量、斜拉索索力传递路径及混凝土塔壁裂缝的发展规律进行研究。结果表明:镜面不锈钢与双组份石墨烯改性氟碳漆涂层组成的滑动副摩擦系数为0.055,适合作为可滑动钢锚箱的滑动副;钢锚箱侧拉板在斜拉索索力作用下处于拉、弯、剪复合受力状态,最大应力为150 MPa,应力水平较低,混凝土塔柱顺桥向最大拉应力仅为0.57 MPa,即使不设预应力也无开裂风险;钢锚箱与混凝土塔柱间的竖向相对滑移量很小,二者间连接可靠,能够很好地共同承受竖向索力;滑动端锁定前,竖向索力几乎全部由钢锚箱的固定端通过剪力连接件传递给混凝土塔柱,水平索力几乎全部由钢锚箱承担,滑动端锁定后,斜拉索索力增量由钢锚箱与混凝土塔柱共同承担;加载至2.5倍标准组合索力过程中,结构依次出现竖向裂缝和水平裂缝,所有裂缝宽度均较小,最大宽度仅0.2 mm。

HDFRC-钢管-混凝土叠合柱的轴压性能

提出了一种新型高延性纤维混凝土(HDFRC)-钢管-混凝土(HDCSTC)叠合柱,研究了螺杆列数、螺杆强度和螺母类型对HDCSTC叠合柱轴压性能的影响.结果表明:增加螺杆列数能够有效改善试件的峰值后延性;螺杆强度增加,对1列螺杆试件的延性无显著影响,对2列螺杆试件的延性影响较大;吊环螺母能够与外侧高延性纤维混凝土建立有效拉结,改善试件的峰值后性能;HDCSTC叠合柱具有与钢筋混凝土柱同等优异的轴压性能,且施工方便无技术限制,值得推广使用.

花瓣形钢管混凝土柱轴压受力机理和承载力研究

花瓣形钢管混凝土柱具有造型美观的优点,为具体研究其受力机理和承载力,定义了其截面组成,提出了截面偏移比和截面对称系数以反映花瓣形截面性质,提出在花瓣柱中设置十字形加劲肋以增强其组合效应。基于某工程中墩柱和有限元模型,研究了花瓣形钢管混凝土短柱在轴压荷载作用下的受力机理,分析了加劲肋厚度、混凝土强度、钢材强度、加劲肋开孔直径和间距等参数对轴压性能的影响,研究了加劲肋厚度与钢管壁厚的匹配关系。根据理论分析和大量有限元参数分析结果,建议了加劲肋厚度与钢管壁厚之比和钢管名义径厚比的取值范围,提出了花瓣形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力计算式。

氯盐侵蚀作用后钢-FRP复合筋混凝土柱偏心受压性能试验研究

为研究氯盐侵蚀作用后钢-FRP复合筋(SFCB)混凝土柱偏心受压性能,对经氯盐侵蚀后的SFCB及SFCB混凝土偏心受压柱进行力学性能试验。研究了配筋类型、配筋率、偏心距、长细比、应力水平与侵蚀时间对承载力、侧向变形、裂缝和破坏形态的影响。结果表明:筋材强度保留率随侵蚀时间增加而降低,无应力侵蚀180d后,钢筋、SFCB和FRP筋极限强度分别降低了12.2%、9.9%和3.6%;随筋材截面含钢率的增加,SFCB混凝土偏心受压柱承载力逐渐提高,侧向变形逐渐减小;侵蚀后钢筋组、SFCB组和FRP筋组试件极限承载力分别较其未侵蚀试件最大下降16.6%、12.4%和7.2%。SFCB混凝土柱具有良好的抵抗侧向变形和裂缝的能力。

火灾下双钢管混凝土复合短柱的性能与承载力计算方法

为研究双钢管混凝土复合短柱的耐火性能,建立了双钢管混凝土复合短柱精细化数值模型,在类似构件试验成果验证的基础上,开展其高温反应规律和耐火性能影响因素研究;全面分析了内管径厚比、外管径厚比、内外管直径比等参数的影响,以及不同截面组合形式(内圆外圆、内方外圆和内圆外方)双钢管混凝土短柱的耐火极限。基于热传导分析理论推导双钢管混凝土短柱截面的温度场分布公式,并根据有限元模拟结果对公式进行修正;最后基于温度等效原理进一步提出了火灾条件下双钢管混凝土短柱截面温度场的简化计算公式和承载力计算方法。结果表明:双钢管混凝土复合短柱具有较好的耐火性能,在直径不变时增大内钢管的厚度以及在厚度不变时增加内钢管的直径都有利于耐火极限的提高;在荷载作用和含钢率相同的条件下,不同截面组合形式的双钢管混凝土短柱耐火极限相差不大,但总体上双圆钢管混凝土短柱的耐火性能偏优;提出的温度场简化计算公式和基于等效温度的承载力计算方法与有限元结果相对误差都在15%以内。