Cross-border Urban Networks Based on Manufacturing Global Value Chain:A Study of Listed Companies in Western China

Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study uses the social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and quadratic assignment procedure analysis method to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban networks of research and development(R&D),production,and sales formed as a result of the overseas investments of listed manufacturing companies in western China.Results showed that the three types of investment networks involved multiple industry types and multiple central cities with differentiated diversity and multicentrality.The R&D urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instruments,medicine and biological products,and metal and nonmetal industries.The destination cities were mostly those home to educational and scientific research centers.The production urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment,instrument,and food and beverage industries.The destination cities were mostly regional central cities in developing countries.The sales urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instrument,metal and nonmetal,and petrochemical and plastics industries.The destination cities were numerous and scattered.In addition,the R&D urban network easily formed specialized clusters,core nodes easily controlled the production urban network,and individual nodes did not easily control the sales urban network.Technological and economic system advantages greatly impacted the three network types.Considering the different influencing factors,this study suggests optimizing the institutional investment environment to narrow the institutional gap,adjusting and optimizing the investment layout to expand overseas markets,and increasing R&D funds to stimulate technological progress and overseas investments in western China.

China's Position in Global Value Chains Compared with the EU,U.S.and Japan

By creating a five-country I-O model of China, EU, US, Japan and other countries, this paper decomposes gross export into nine parts and investigates the GVC positions and competitiveness of China and the other three economies for different sectors using real domestic trade in value-added and GVC position indices. In addition, valueadded trade is taken into consideration to identify the labor division characteristics of the four economies in the GVC, which led to the following findings: China participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the downstream yet shows a significant tendency to move upstream in technology-intensive sectors; Japan participates primarily in the single links of the GVC at the upstream and boasts an advantage in technology-intensive sectors; the US participates in the multiple links of the GVC at the upstream with superiority in hightechnology sectors; the EU participates in the production and export of intermediate goods and final goods at both ends.

Global Value Chain Embeddedness,Knowledge Spillovers,and Clustered Firms' Innovation Performance

Empirical evidence of the effects of global value chain( GVC) embeddedness on clustered firms' innovation is presented in this paper. The intermediary roles of the two types of knowledge spillover( explicit and implicit) in GVC embeddedness and clustered firms' innovation are considered, and the effects of structure embeddedness,relationship embeddedness,and acknowledgement embeddedness on clustered firms' innovation are examined. Analysis is based on the sample of 134 export-oriented firms from the Shaoxing industrial cluster in Zhejiang province of China. Results show that although GVC embeddedness is associated with high use of external knowledge sources,clustered firms' innovation is promoted indirectly through explicit knowledge spillover. Intrinsic connections exist among the different dimensions of GVC embeddedness,that is,structure embeddedness not only directly improves relationship embeddedness but also indirectly improves acknowledgement embeddedness through relationship embeddedness.

Research Progress of Foreign Direct Investment and Global Value Chain Status

With the rapid development of globalization,the industries of various countries are actively seeking the best way to improve the global value chain(GVC)status while integrating into the world.As an important factor affecting the GVC status,foreign direct investment(FDI)has attracted extensive attention from scholars.On the basis of systematically summarizing the research progress of FDI theory,GVC status and the influence of FDI on GVC status,the paper tries to clarify the internal relationship between FDI and GVC status,explores the shortcomings of existing research,and puts forward the possible direction of future research.

新型数字基础设施如何影响中国制造业GVC参与?

当前,新型基础设施能够产生各种积极的经济效应,虽然已被理论和实证研究广泛证实,但现有研究鲜有关注其对制造业全球价值链(GVC)参与的影响。在研究视角上,与现有文献关注于传统基础设施不同,本文着重从新型数字基础设施的作用视角,探讨影响中国参与全球价值链分工的因素,从而拓展和深化有关中国参与全球价值链影响因素的认识。在研究内容上,本文在理论和实证层面分析新型数字基础设施对中国参与全球价值链产生影响的作用机制,可从新型数字基础设施建设角度,探寻促进中国攀升全球价值链的更好对策建议。在研究方法上,尤其是在全球价值链分工地位的指标构建上,本文还尝试突破现有文献构建指标的不足,创新性地从企业层面构建能够更好地反映全球价值链分工地位的科学指标。研究结果在中国制造业亟待进一步深度融入全球价值链、提升全球价值链分工地位,进而迈向高水平开放的关键阶段,有着重要的政策启示作用。

绿色技术创新对中国制造业GVC升级的影响研究

为了研究绿色技术创新对中国制造业GVC升级的影响效果,深入剖析作用机理,基于对GVC指数的测算刻画中国制造业GVC升级特征,构建计量模型进行实证分析。结果表明:①中国制造业嵌入GVC程度整体表现出GVC国际分工地位仍处于相对下游位置,但拥有相对较高的参与程度,并筛选出优势产业、问题产业、潜力产业、支柱产业;②绿色技术创新整体上显著促进我国制造业GVC升级;③绿色技术创新对制造业GVC升级的影响具有显著的行业异质性,劳动密集型行业呈现出与整体相似的影响效果,而资本与技术密集型行业呈现的效果却不明显。

Revisiting the driving force underlying Chinese PM_(2.5)emissions:From the two perspectives of GVC and IDA

The depth and breadth of participation in the global value chain(GVC)significantly impacts a country's fine particulate contamination(PM_(2.5))emissions.First,based on the GVC accounting framework,the sources of PM_(2.5) emissions in China between 1990 and 2015 are identified and investigated considering production-side,consumption-side,and export-implied pollution.Then,index decomposition analysis(IDA)of emissions is conducted to further investigate the changes in and causes of air pollution in China.Throughout the analytical process,differences between the PM_(2.5) emissions in two time periods-one of rapid economic growth and another of the“new normal”economy-are compared.The results demonstrate that:China is embedded in high pollution links of GVCs;China transfers pollution to third-parties by importing intermediate products from resource-intensive countries in the global production system;extensive economic growth caused an increase in China's total PM_(2.5) emissions,but cleaner production technology can reduce the emissions intensity.Industrial restructuring under the“new normal”has increased China's short-term PM_(2.5) emissions intensity.These results suggest that China should optimize and upgrade its domestic economic structure and transform its export growth mode to deliver high added value and low pollution.Further,it should prioritize cooperation between the upstream and downstream value chain and accelerate the upgrading of its consumption structure in this new era.

Value-Added Trade and Evolution of China's Comparative Advantages

Based on heterogeneity in firm's sales destinations and trade patterns, this paper estimates China's ratio of value-added exports(RVAE) using value-added trade accounting, and discusses the evolution of China's comparative advantages from the perspective of value-added trade. Our research findings suggest that without taking into account heterogeneity in firm's sales destinations and trade patterns,China's RVAE will be overestimated. Conventional gross trade accounting underestimates the export competitiveness of China's labor-intensive and capital intensive sectors, but overestimates the export competitiveness of China's technology-intensive sectors,which leads to a significant reversal of comparative advantages. Conventional gross trade accounting method overestimates the trade surplus of China's manufacturing and technology-intensive sectors with the US by about 60% and 85% respectively.

The Reciprocal and Symbiotic Effects of Industrial Relocation between China and BRI Countries

Reciprocity and symbiosis are essential to the creation of“a community with a shared future for mankind”,and industrial relocation is a key strategy for implementing the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).This paper investigates the reciprocal and symbiotic effects of industrial relocation between China and BRI countries,and performs an empirical test using the Eora global supply chain database of 2002-2020.Our findings suggest that there has been an increasing level of industrial reciprocity and symbiosis between China and BRI countries,but great differences exist across sectors and regions;industrial relocation between China and BRI countries is conducive to two-way industrial reciprocity and symbiosis primarily through regional value chain cooperation and an increasing level of industrial agglomeration.The most substantial effects have been observed in industrial relocation involving developed BRI countries,in medium-and high-tech sectors,and following the announcement of the BRI.

农业全球价值链嵌入、贸易成本与增加值贸易

粮食安全是“国之大者”,农产品贸易是保障粮食安全的“稳压器”。农业全球价值链在农产品贸易过程中加速形成,参与全球价值链分工有助于改善对先进技术和知识的获取,推动农业向高附加值环节升级。文章运用双向固定效应模型,选择OECD AMNE 2023版数据库中76个经济体为样本,探究了农业全球价值链参与度和增加值贸易收益的相关性。研究发现:农业全球价值链前向和后向参与度均能促进农业增加值贸易收益增长;机制检验表明,全球价值链参与度可以通过降低贸易成本来促进增加值贸易收益增长;异质性检验表明,这一影响对发展中经济体尤为明显。为此,我国应积极融入农业全球价值链,进一步扩大农业开放、优化贸易环境和保障要素供给,以提高增加值贸易收益。

全球价值链的脱钩与反脱钩:来自中国制造业企业微观数据的经验证据

本文基于中国制造业上市公司的微观数据和WIOD及亚行的世界投入产出表数据,考察美国的价值链脱钩策略对中国企业创新内在动力的激发效应和对中国全球价值链地位攀升的影响。研究发现:首先,美国的价值链脱钩策略对中国企业创新内在动力存在显著的正向激发作用,且激发效应能够抵消遏制效应。其次,脱钩策略对中国全球价值链地位攀升的叠加效应显著为正,与产业上游度负相关,表明美国的脱钩策略并不会阻断中国全球价值链地位的攀升和产业技术水平的提高。最后,中国企业自主创新对FDI技术外溢的吸收和转化等“学习效应”过于依赖,存在“低质低效”的双低现象,降低了价值链地位攀升的效率。FDI对产业价值链地位有显著的提升作用,但对国内企业“高质高效”的自主创新具有抑制作用。本文结论为提高企业自主创新质量和效率以及价值链地位提供了政策启示。

中国产业攀升全球价值链:发展动态、国际比较及对策启示

文章按要素密集度划分产业结构,分别利用前后向参与度、增加值技术复杂度以及基于前后向联系的生产长度构造指标,测度产业在全球价值链生产中的相对价值输出地位、产业控制力水平和生产位置。在此基础上,先从净贡献和产业控制力水平角度分析我国不同类型产业自加入WTO以来嵌入全球价值链的发展趋势,再与美德日韩四国进行同业比较,以掌握国际发展动态,最后以优势国家生产位置为参照,结合现实情况,分析我国不同类型产业攀升全球价值链面临的挑战。

数字贸易对制造业全球价值链地位的影响研究——基于跨国面板数据的经验证据

基于2007-2020年54个国家的跨国面板数据,采用固定效应模型和面板门槛模型,实证检验了数字贸易发展对一国制造业全球价值链地位的影响。研究发现,数字贸易与制造业全球价值链地位之间存在“先负后正”的U型关系,即在数字贸易发展初期,其对制造业全球价值链地位会产生一定的抑制作用;超过一定门槛值后,这种抑制作用会慢慢演变成促进作用。研发强度和贸易开放度对数字贸易提升国家制造业全球价值链地位起到正向调节作用;进一步的异质性检验发现,数字贸易对发达国家制造业全球价值链地位具有更大的提升作用。据此,文章提出应加大数字贸易发展、重视研发投入力度、推进高水平贸易开放等对策建议。

数字经济发展与全球价值链区域分工地位——基于行业制度创新的中介效应研究

选取2011—2021年中国31个省级行政区35个部门的面板数据,测度各省数字经济发展水平和全球价值链区域分工地位,深入研究数字经济发展对全球价值链区域分工地位的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:数字经济发展及其子维度均会促进全球价值链区域分工地位攀升。机制检验结果表明,制度创新在数字经济发展提升全球价值链区域分工地位中发挥正向中介作用。异质性分析结果显示,数字经济发展对全球价值链区域分工地位的提升作用在东部地区更明显。据此,应加强数字基础设施建设、营造良好的制度环境、实施动态差异化数字经济发展战略,借力数字经济提升全球价值链区域分工地位。

GVC嵌入、创新型人力资本与制造业高质量发展——基于“新发展理念”的影响机制分析与效应检验

制造业高质量发展是实现经济高质量发展的重中之重。以制造业高质量发展的内涵为切入点,基于“新发展理念”构建指标体系测算我国制造业高质量发展状况,利用行业面板数据评估全球价值链嵌入对制造业高质量发展的影响以及创新型人力资本对该影响的偏效应。研究表明:现阶段,参与全球价值链分工整体上对制造业高质量发展具有一定的负向影响,但上游环节嵌入会转向正向作用;创新型人力资本能够显著提升制造业高质量发展水平。进一步对影响机制分析发现,创新型人力资本能够显著弱化GVC嵌入对制造业高质量发展的消极影响,并且弱化作用存在门槛效应;对于不同嵌入位置,创新型人力资本能够加强上游环节价值链嵌入对制造业高质量发展的正向作用,而下游环节价值链嵌入并不能有效发挥作用;对于不同行业类型,创新型人力资本会严重加剧购买者驱动行业嵌入GVC对制造业高质量发展的负向影响,而削弱生产者驱动行业嵌入GVC对制造业高质量发展的消极作用。

GVC视角下双边增加值贸易的解构与测算:以中美贸易为例

构建了多国模型中双边增加值贸易的解构模型,并利用2016年发布的世界投入产出表测算了2000—2014年中美56个产业部门的双边增加值贸易及总值贸易的数据,结合中美贸易失衡的扭曲程度指标的构建与测算,从总体和结构两个层面对中美增加值贸易进行了失衡分析和全球价值链地位分析,还原了中美双边贸易的真实状态。结果显示,总体上,双边总值贸易失衡比增加值贸易失衡平均每年高估了20.17%;美国出口中的回流比重呈现下降的趋势,而中国出口中的回流比重则是逐年上升;自2010年起中国出口中的国外增加值率逐渐下跌,而国内增加值率开始上升,这表明中国在全球价值链中的地位正在改善。结构上,中国对美国各行业增加值贸易以顺差为主;制造业的双边总值贸易失衡比增加值贸易失衡平均每年高估了96.30%,并且中国主要制造业部门对美国的增加值贸易出口均小于总值贸易出口,这说明中国制造业总体上仍然需要继续提升其在全球产业链中的位置;在新兴服务部门,美国相对中国处于全球价值链上游,而在建筑业和一些传统服务部门,中国相对美国处于全球价值链的上游。

共同创造与GVC嵌入:中国汽车产业创新网络治理研究

实现在全球价值链中的有效嵌入,是解决发展中国家产业发展、创新能力和国际竞争力提升的关键问题之一。目前,汽车产业价值链增值的核心环节仍集中在发达国家,中国汽车产业"三级价值链"与"二级价值链"之间的断裂阻碍了整个汽车产业在全球价值链中的有效嵌入,而共同创造子系统的构建和以"三层嵌入"、"三层治理"、"三层升级"为基本特征的动态嵌入式共同创造系统的形成有利于实现中国汽车产业的全球价值链嵌入和创新能力提升。

全球价值链参与和绿色技术创新——以四个战略性新兴产业为例

立足中国战略性新兴产业绿色转型问题,本文利用战略性新兴产业中327家上市公司数据,实证考察了中国战略性新兴产业参与全球价值链对企业绿色技术创新影响的内在机制。研究发现,全球价值链参与能够明显促进战略性新兴企业的绿色技术创新绩效;机制检验发现,全球价值链参与对战略性新兴企业绿色技术创新的影响主要通过后向参与度这条路径;进一步检验发现,地区宏观经济水平会对全球价值链嵌入与绿色技术创新之间的关系产生积极影响。

双循环背景下生产性服务业的双重价值链嵌入——基于中国省级层面的观察

双循环新发展格局的构建不仅需要打通产品市场的堵点,也需要服务链条在国内国际的贯通。生产性服务投入是制造业产品附加值的重要来源,生产性服务业成为我国制造业全球价值链攀升的重要动力。基于国内国际嵌入式投入产出表,对2012—2017年中国31省份生产性服务业全球价值链、国内价值链参与度和嵌入位置进行测算,借助Gephi软件进行可视化分析,进一步实证检验国内价值链嵌入对全球价值链分工位置的影响。研究结果发现,我国各省份生产性服务业国内价值链嵌入程度普遍高于全球价值链,这表明我国省份生产性服务业的国际参与程度较低,以参与国内市场为主;生产性服务业在全球价值链中分工位置较低,位于中下游位置,东中部地区省份的参与度和分工位置普遍高于西部地区省份;生产性服务业国内价值链嵌入能够显著促进全球价值链攀升,其中西部省份提升作用最为明显。