Engineering particles towards 3D supraballs-based passive cooling via grafting CDs onto colloidal photonic crystals

Particle engineering has opened the floodgates to material science in both fundamental and application field. However, covalent interactions have not yet been adequately designed in the particle engineering for functional colloidal photonic crystals(CPCs). Herein, we achieved covalent coupling between carboxylrich poly(styrene-acrylic acid)(P(St-AA)) monodispersed colloidal particles and amine-rich carbon dots(CDs) based on an feasible and universal particle engineering strategy. The designed CDs-grafted P(St-AA)monodispersed colloidal particles initiate a hydrogen bond-driven assembly mode and ensure the construction of large-scale crack-free CPCs. Moreover, the CDs equipped with selective broad-band absorption capacity could improve the saturation of structural colors for high-visibility CPCs. Furthermore, an injectable photonic hydrogel(IPH) is developed to design CPC supraball hydrogel via integrating the CDsgrafted P(St-AA) CPC supraballs with supramolecular hydrogel. Combining superior flexibility, sufficient self-healing capacity of supramolecular hydrogel with visual optical information of our CPC supraballs, a cyclically reversible coding and decoding system was developed. Meanwhile, we firstly demonstrated the novel strategy of 3D supraballs-based passive cooling. The designed 3D CPC supraball hydrogel presents nearly full observation angle reflections behavior and excellent water evaporation capacity and achieves3.6 ℃ temperature drops, showing the application advantages in 3D thermal management. This work not only provides a new insight for manipulating optical properties of CPCs, but also demonstrates an easyto-perform platform, as well as indicates the direction for the promising application of CPCs.

The effect of ethanol on the habit and in vitro aerodynamic results of dry powder inhalation formulations containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

In the case of dry powder inhalation systems(DPIs),the development of carrierfree formulations has gained increased attention.Thereby,spray-drying is a promising technology and is widely used to produce carrier-free DPIs.Numerous works have been published about the co-spray-drying of active ingredients with various solid excipients and their effect on the physicochemical characteristics and aerodynamic properties of the formulations.However,only a few studies have been reported about the role of the solvents used in the stock solutions of spray-dried formulations.In the present work,DPI microcomposites containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by spray-drying in the presence of different ethanol concentrations.The work expresses the roughness,depth and width of the dimples for particle size as a novel calculation possibility,and as a correlation between the MMAD/D_(0.5)ratio and correlating it with cohesion work,these new terms and correlations have not been published–to the best of our knowledge–which has resulted in gap-filling findings.As a result,different proportions of solvent mixtures could be interpreted and placed in a new perspective,in which the influence of different concentrations of ethanol on the habit of the DPI formulations,and thus on in vitro aerodynamic results.Based on these,it became clear why we obtained the best in vitro aerodynamic results for DPI formulation containing 30%ethanol in the stock solution.

Simultaneous optimization of heat-integrated crude oil distillation systems

Crude oil distillation is important in refining industry. Operating variables of distillation process have a critical effect on product output value and energy consumption. However, the objectives of minimum energy consumption and maximum product output value do not coordinate with each other and do not lead to the maximum economic benefit of a refinery. In this paper, a systematic optimization approach is proposed for the maximum annual economic benefit of an existing crude oil distillation system, considering product output value and energy consumption simultaneously. A shortcut model in Aspen Plus is used to describe the crude oil distillation and the pinch analysis is adopted to identify the target of energy recovery. The optimization is a nonlinear programming problem and solved by stochastic algorithm of particle warm optimization.