Quantitative algorithm for airborne gamma spectrum of large sample based on improved shuffled frog leaping-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network

In airborne gamma ray spectrum processing,different analysis methods,technical requirements,analysis models,and calculation methods need to be established.To meet the engineering practice requirements of airborne gamma-ray measurements and improve computational efficiency,an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network(SFLA-PSO CNN)for large-sample quantitative analysis of airborne gamma-ray spectra is proposed herein.This method was used to train the weight of the neural network,optimize the structure of the network,delete redundant connections,and enable the neural network to acquire the capability of quantitative spectrum processing.In full-spectrum data processing,this method can perform the functions of energy spectrum peak searching and peak area calculations.After network training,the mean SNR and RMSE of the spectral lines were 31.27 and 2.75,respectively,satisfying the demand for noise reduction.To test the processing ability of the algorithm in large samples of airborne gamma spectra,this study considered the measured data from the Saihangaobi survey area as an example to conduct data spectral analysis.The results show that calculation of the single-peak area takes only 0.13~0.15 ms,and the average relative errors of the peak area in the U,Th,and K spectra are 3.11,9.50,and 6.18%,indicating the high processing efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm.The performance of the model can be further improved by optimizing related parameters,but it can already meet the requirements of practical engineering measurement.This study provides a new idea for the full-spectrum processing of airborne gamma rays.

Optimization of Fairhurst-Cook Model for 2-D Wing Cracks Using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA)

The common failure mechanism for brittle rocks is known to be axial splitting which happens parallel to the direction of maximum compression. One of the mechanisms proposed for modelling of axial splitting is the sliding crack or so called, “wing crack” model. Fairhurst-Cook model explains this specific type of failure which starts by a pre-crack and finally breaks the rock by propagating 2-D cracks under uniaxial compression. In this paper, optimization of this model has been considered and the process has been done by a complete sensitivity analysis on the main parameters of the model and excluding the trends of their changes and also their limits and “peak points”. Later on this paper, three artificial intelligence algorithms including Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA) has been used and compared in order to achieve optimized sets of parameters resulting in near-maximum or near-minimum amounts of wedging forces creating a wing crack.

基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型

目前井下风温预测大多采用BP神经网络,但其预测精度受学习样本数量的影响,且容易陷入局部最优,Elman神经网络具备局部记忆能力,提高了网络的稳定性和动态适应能力,但仍然存在收敛速度过慢、易陷入局部最优的问题。针对上述问题,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,建立了基于PSO-Elman神经网络的井底风温预测模型。分析得出入风相对湿度、入风温度、地面大气压力和井筒深度是井底风温的主要影响因素,因此将其作为模型的输入数据,模型的输出数据为井底风温。在相同样本数据集下的实验结果表明:Elman模型迭代90次后收敛,PSO-Elman模型迭代41次后收敛,说明PSO-Elman模型收敛速度更快;与BP神经网络模型、支持向量回归模型和Elman模型相比,PSO-Elman模型的预测误差较低,平均绝对误差、均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对百分比误差分别为0.376 0℃,0.278 3,1.95%,决定系数R^(2)为0.992 4,非常接近1,表明预测模型具有良好的预测效果。实例验证结果表明,PSO-Elman模型的相对误差范围为-4.69%~1.27%,绝对误差范围为-1.06~0.29℃,MSE为0.26,整体预测精度可满足井下实际需要。

基于PSO-SVM的Φ-OTDR系统模式识别研究

针对相位敏感光时域反射仪(phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer,Φ-OTDR)系统中误报率高的问题,提出一种多域特征提取与粒子群算法优化支持向量机(particle swarm optimization-support vector machine,PSO-SVM)相结合的模式识别算法。首先,对原始信号进行差分处理后提取时域特征,并利用小波包分解方法,通过验证不同分解层数下的事件分类准确率,设定最优分解层数为6层,提取差分信号的能量特征。然后以SVM分类器为基础,利用PSO算法优化SVM分类器参数,提高光纤振动信号识别准确率。最后利用Φ-OTDR事件数据集进行验证,实验结果表明,该模式识别算法达到了95.6%的振动事件分类准确率。

Particle swarm optimization-based algorithm of a symplectic method for robotic dynamics and control

Multibody system dynamics provides a strong tool for the estimation of dynamic performances and the optimization of multisystem robot design. It can be described with differential algebraic equations(DAEs). In this paper, a particle swarm optimization(PSO) method is introduced to solve and control a symplectic multibody system for the first time. It is first combined with the symplectic method to solve problems in uncontrolled and controlled robotic arm systems. It is shown that the results conserve the energy and keep the constraints of the chaotic motion, which demonstrates the efficiency, accuracy, and time-saving ability of the method. To make the system move along the pre-planned path, which is a functional extremum problem, a double-PSO-based instantaneous optimal control is introduced. Examples are performed to test the effectiveness of the double-PSO-based instantaneous optimal control. The results show that the method has high accuracy, a fast convergence speed, and a wide range of applications.All the above verify the immense potential applications of the PSO method in multibody system dynamics.

基于PSO-GA的分片区块链系统性能优化方法

在这篇文章中,针对分片区块链(Sharded Blockchain)系统性能优化问题,提出了一种结合粒子群和遗传算法的系统性能优化方法(PSO-GA),目的是为了在尽可能满足当前网络环境情况下,提升其系统吞吐量.该方法考虑分片区块链中节点的计算能力、恶意节点的概率以及节点之间的传输速率等不同网络环境下,找到响应网络状态的最佳分片区块链系统参数;为了避免传统粒子群优化算法陷入局部最优的问题,引入遗传算法中的交叉操作和变异操作,有效提高方法的准确性.通过大量仿真实验对方法的有效性进行验证分析.实验结果表明,相比于其他的方法,本文所提出的方法可以在更短的时间取得更高的系统吞吐量.

Shaping the Wavefront of Incident Light with a Strong Robustness Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

We demonstrate a modified particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to effectively shape the incident light with strong robustness and short optimization time. The performance of the modified PSO algorithm and genetic algorithm(GA) is numerically simulated. Then, using a high speed digital micromirror device, we carry out light focusing experiments with the modified PSO algorithm and GA. The experimental results show that the modified PSO algorithm has greater robustness and faster convergence speed than GA. This modified PSO algorithm has great application prospects in optical focusing and imaging inside in vivo biological tissue, which possesses a complicated background.

UAV penetration mission path planning based on improved holonic particle swarm optimization

To meet the requirements of safety, concealment, and timeliness of trajectory planning during the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) penetration process, a three-dimensional path planning algorithm is proposed based on improved holonic particle swarm optimization(IHPSO). Firstly, the requirements of terrain threat, radar detection, and penetration time in the process of UAV penetration are quantified. Regarding radar threats, a radar echo analysis method based on radar cross section(RCS)and the spatial situation is proposed to quantify the concealment of UAV penetration. Then the structure-particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is improved from three aspects.First, the conversion ability of the search strategy is enhanced by using the system clustering method and the information entropy grouping strategy instead of random grouping and constructing the state switching conditions based on the fitness function.Second, the unclear setting of iteration numbers is addressed by using particle spacing to create the termination condition of the algorithm. Finally, the trajectory is optimized to meet the intended requirements by building a predictive control model and using the IHPSO for simulation verification. Numerical examples show the superiority of the proposed method over the existing PSO methods.

Neural network hyperparameter optimization based on improved particle swarm optimization

Hyperparameter optimization is considered as one of the most challenges in deep learning and dominates the precision of model in a certain.Recent proposals tried to solve this issue through the particle swarm optimization(PSO),but its native defect may result in the local optima trapped and convergence difficulty.In this paper,the genetic operations are introduced to the PSO,which makes the best hyperparameter combination scheme for specific network architecture be located easier.Spe-cifically,to prevent the troubles caused by the different data types and value scopes,a mixed coding method is used to ensure the effectiveness of particles.Moreover,the crossover and mutation opera-tions are added to the process of particles updating,to increase the diversity of particles and avoid local optima in searching.Verified with three benchmark datasets,MNIST,Fashion-MNIST,and CIFAR10,it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can achieve accuracies of 99.58%,93.39%,and 78.96%,respectively,improving the accuracy by about 0.1%,0.5%,and 2%,respectively,compared with that of the PSO.

Robot stereo vision calibration method with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization

Accurate stereo vision calibration is a preliminary step towards high-precision visual posi- tioning of robot. Combining with the characteristics of genetic algorithm （GA） and particle swarm optimization （PSO）, a three-stage calibration method based on hybrid intelligent optimization is pro- posed for nonlinear camera models in this paper. The motivation is to improve the accuracy of the calibration process. In this approach, the stereo vision calibration is considered as an optimization problem that can be solved by the GA and PSO. The initial linear values can be obtained in the frost stage. Then in the second stage, two cameras＇ parameters are optimized separately. Finally, the in- tegrated optimized calibration of two models is obtained in the third stage. Direct linear transforma- tion （DLT）, GA and PSO are individually used in three stages. It is shown that the results of every stage can correctly find near-optimal solution and it can be used to initialize the next stage. Simula- tion analysis and actual experimental results indicate that this calibration method works more accu- rate and robust in noisy environment compared with traditional calibration methods. The proposed method can fulfill the requirements of robot sophisticated visual operation.

基于GA-PSO算法的冻土本构模型参数识别

遗传算法(GA)与粒子群算法(PSO)分别具有缺乏目标导向性和易陷入局部最优的缺点,但同时分别具有全局搜索能力强与能有效传递优势信息的优点。本文以GA计算步结合精英保留策略作为PSO计算步的优势信息,避免PSO算法陷入局部最优,以PSO计算步结合非精英优化策略作为GA计算步的导向信息,克服GA算法缺乏目标导向的问题,建立了GA-PSO新算法。其具体过程为,通过采用GA计算步对解空间进行全局搜索并对精英个体进行保留,进一步,将适应度较差的个体利用PSO计算步进行优化。基于多峰函数的验证结果表明,GA-PSO算法在解空间中具有更强的全局搜索能力,同时具有更快的收敛速度。将GA-PSO算法应用到冻土非正交弹塑性本构模型的参数识别中,通过模型的参数识别以及模型预测结果对比与验证,结果表明GA-PSO算法能够有效识别冻土非正交弹塑性本构模型的参数,提升了模型的预测效果。

基于GWO-PSO算法的堆垛机混合作业优化研究

为减少堆垛机执行混合作业的运行时间,建立堆垛机运行时间最小的数学模型,并提出一种改进的GWO-PSO算法进行求解。首先,在初始化阶段,将灰狼个体随机分为若干群组,按照标准GWO算法进行独立寻优,推举产生首领狼王,然后采用PSO算法的位置更新方式对寻优结果进行更新,保证了种群的多样性和算法的寻优速度,接着引入速度交换算子进行离散化处理,并通过设置阈值解决了算法易陷入局部最优的问题,最后通过实例仿真分析,验证了GWO-PSO算法的有效性。

基于PSO-BP-UKF算法的锂电池SOC估计方法研究

锂电池的荷电状态(SOC)是锂电池质量管理的核心之一。基于有效的SOC估计是确保锂电池安全高效工作的必要条件,提出一种利用粒子群算法(PSO)优化反向传播(BP)神经网络,并将优化后的BP神经网络SOC输出值作为无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)观测值的锂电池SOC估计方法。使用来自马里兰大学的FUDS工况电池测试数据,将所提的PSO-BP-UKF算法与GA-BP-UKF算法、BP算法进行对比。结果表明,在25℃环境下,PSO-BP-UKF算法的最大偏差<3.17%,平均误差<6.44%,均方根偏差<0.0025,相比GA-BP-UKF算法和BP方法都有较大幅度的提高,说明所提算法具备有效性与实用性。

基于PSO的电动汽车规模化充电接入配电网柔性负荷多目标优化控制

为了降低电动汽车大规模接入配电网后产生的负荷波动和网损,提出了基于粒子群优化(PSO)算法的电动汽车规模化充电接入配电网柔性负荷多目标优化控制方法。首先,建立交通网-配电网耦合模型,并结合出行链模型分析用户的充电需求,搭建接入电动汽车能量状态预测模型;其次,以最小化配电网负荷波动标准差和网损作为优化目标,设计电动汽车规模化充电接入配电网柔性负荷多目标优化函数,同时引入分布熵设计惯性权重更新策略,优化PSO算法;最后,采用改进的PSO算法在函数约束条件的基础上实现配电网的柔性负荷控制。测试结果表明,所提出的方法可准确分析用户的充电需求,降低配电网负荷波动峰值及网损。

基于加权犹豫模糊集的实验设计与分阶段PSO-Kriging建模

过高的实验成本导致输出为非线性多极值的复杂系统获得的实验样本点少,建立的代理模型精度较低。针对此现状提出一种基于先验信息的实验设计与建模方法。该方法利用先验信息划分实验设计域,并根据波动性指标构建各区域的加权犹豫模糊集,增加评价结果的合理性;结合各区域的波动性与范围大小决定实验样本点个数,由汉默斯里序列采样获取样本点;再将分阶段搜索粒子群算法与Kriging方法结合,提高代理模型的计算精度。以模拟平面桁架结构的损伤模型验证所提方法的有效性。实验结果表明,与汉默斯里序列采样、拉丁超立方设计建立的模型相比,所提方法建立的模型拟合优度平均提升0.84%和4.94%,均方根误差平均降低31.02%和57.18%。

PSO算法应用于悬滴法表面张力的计算

基于悬滴法理论,通过编写杨氏—拉普拉斯(Young-Laplace)微分方程,改进了求解实际液滴曲线的最优化参数等环节,对液体的表面张力进行了测量研究。针对通过CCD获取的液滴图像,使用Canny算子提取实际液滴轮廓,用4~5阶龙格库塔法计算理论轮廓。对两条轮廓进行拟合的过程中,使用遗传算法(GA)和粒子群优化(PSO)算法进行参数优化,得到接近实际曲线的理论曲线。根据寻优得到的最优化参数,参与计算出液滴的表面张力。本文通过两种算法对常温液体进行测量,测量结果表明:PSO算法具有较高的准确性和稳定性,且PSO算法无需给定初值,适宜仪器使用实际。

基于GA/PSO BP神经网络的石家庄VOCs环境浓度预测模型研究

为了提升挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Components,VOCs)的预测精度,在反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)网络结构的基础上使用优化算法分别为遗传算法(Genetic Algorithms,GA)优化BP神经网络(GA BP)和粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)优化BP神经网络(PSO BP)对VOCs质量浓度进行预测。首先,对污染物及气象因子进行筛选。采用相关性分析法及逐步回归法进行分析筛选,并筛选出合适的输入变量。其次,建立BP神经网络结构。利用BP、GA BP、PSO BP神经网络,以石家庄市2022年夏季污染数据为样本对VOCs质量浓度进行预测。结果显示,经相关性分析及逐步回归法筛选,将PM_(2.5)质量浓度、O_(3)质量浓度、NO_(2)质量浓度、温度、相对湿度作为输入变量。经预测结果对比,PSO BP神经网络模型的预测精度较高,烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃和含氧烃实测值与预测值之间的拟合程度(R^(2))分别为0.80、0.55、0.78、0.67。研究结果可为日后VOCs污染预报预警提供理论参考。

基于PSO和外部知识的时序数据异常检测

在时间序列数据的异常检测中,单一模型往往只提取与自身模型结构相关的时序特征,从而容易忽略其他特征.同时,面对大规模的时序数据,模型难以对时序数据的局部趋势进行建模.为了解决这两个问题,本文提出一种基于粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)和外部知识的异常检测模型PEAD.PEAD模型以深度学习模型作为基模型,引入快速傅里叶变换生成的外部知识来提高基模型对局部趋势的建模能力,随后PEAD模型以Stacking集成学习的方式训练基模型,再使用PSO算法对基模型的输出加权求和,对加权求和后的重构数据进行异常检测,PSO算法能够让模型的最终输出共同关注时序数据的全局特征和时间特征,丰富模型提取的时序特征,从而提高模型的异常检测能力.通过对6个公开数据集进行测试,研究结果表明PEAD模型在大部分数据集上表现良好.

基于PSO-CNN-GRU模型的无人机短期航迹预测

针对无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)航迹预测问题,为了提升航迹预测的收敛速度和精度,论文提出了一种基于粒子群算法优化,卷积神经网络与门控循环单元网络相结合的PSO-CNN-GRU无人机航迹预测模型。为了解决神经网络人工调参难以获得最优解的问题,通过PSO算法进行自动调参,对GRU网络的隐藏层规模、学习率、批训练大小等参数进行优化,避免形成局部最优解;针对历史关键信息与重要特征的提取问题,通过CNN网络提取变量间的局部依赖关系,实现隐藏特征的挖掘。实验结果表明,与原始GRU模型相比,PSO-CNN-GRU模型的MAE、MSE的值分别降低了65.13%、73.25%,有着较好的准确性与鲁棒性。

基于动量自适应学习率PSO-BP神经网络的钻速预测模型研究

机械钻速(rate of penetration,ROP)是钻井作业优化和减少成本的关键因素,钻井时有效地预测ROP是提升钻进效率的关键。由于井下钻进时复杂多变的情况和地层的非均质性,通过传统的ROP方程和回归分析方法来预测钻速受到了一定的限制。为了实现对钻速的高精度预测,对现有BP (back propagation)神经网络进行优化,提出了一种新的神经网络模型,即动态自适应学习率的粒子群优化BP神经网络,利用录井数据建立目标井预测模型来对钻速进行预测。在训练过程中对BP神经网络进行优化,利用启发式算法,即附加动量法和自适应学习率,将两种方法结合起来形成动态自适应学习率的BP改进算法,提高了BP神经网络的训练速度和拟合精度,获得了更好的泛化性能。将BP神经网络与遗传优化算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)结合,得到优化后的动态自适应学习率BP神经网络。研究利用XX8-1-2井的录井数据进行实验,对比BP神经网络、PSO-BP神经网络、GA-BP神经网络3种不同的改进后神经网络的预测结果。实验结果表明:优化后的PSO-BP神经网络的预测性能最好,具有更高的效率和可靠性,能够有效的利用工程数据,在有一定数据采集量的区域提供较为准确的ROP预测。