Effect of Volume Fraction of Particle on Wear Resistance of Al_2O_3/Steel Composites at Elevated Temperature

Based on previous work, abrasive wear resistance of Al 2O 3/steel composites with different Al 2O 3 particle volume fraction (VOF) at 900 ℃ was investigated. The experimental results showed that a suitable particle VOF is important to protect the metal matrix from wear at elevated temperature. Both too high and too low particle VOF lead to a poor abrasive wear because a bulk matrix is easily worn off by grits when it exceeds the suitable VOF and also because when VOF is low, the Al 2O 3 particles are easily dug out by grits during wearing as well. When the particle VOF is 39%, the wear resistance of tested composites is excellent.

COMPUTATION OF FLEXURAL PROPERTIES OF HA/PLLA COMPOSITE USING A CELL MODEL APPROACH

A three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the flexural properties of hydroxyapatite-reinforced poly-L-lactide acid （HA/PLLA） biocomposite using three different schemes. The scheme 1, originated from a beam analysis, was used to determine the flexural modulus analytically while the scheme 2 and 3 were designed to have different loading and boundary conditions using a finite element cell modeling approach. An empirical approach using Chow＇s formula and experimental data were used for comparison with the predicted results. In order to reduce the computational time and save the storage space involved in determining the effect of varying particle volume fractions on the flexural properties of HA/PLLA, a superelement technique was applied. The results using the scheme 3 and the Chow＇s formula were found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental results over the range of particle volume fraction. In addition to the Chow＇s formula, local stress distribution and the failure processes in HA/PLLA were simulated using the finite element technique.

Experimental study of the solid circulation rate in a pressurized circulating fluidized bed

The solid circulation rate is essential for design of pressurized circulating fluidized beds(PCFBs).With increasing pressure from atmospheric pressure to a few bars,the gas density linearly increases with the pressure,which affects the gas-solid flow characteristics.In this work,experiments were performed at room temperature in a cold PCFB apparatus with a riser of 3.3 m in height and 0.05 m in diameter.The solid circulation rate was studied from 20 to 80 kg/(m^(2)·s)under various conditions with increasing pressure from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa and fluidizing gas velocity from around 1.5 to 8.0 m/s for different Geldart B group particles.Most of the conditions were in the flow regimes of core-annulus flow(CAF)only and CAF with a turbulent fluidized bed at the bottom.The trend of the apparent slip factor with the dimensionless slip velocity was similar at different pressures and for different average particle sizes,and it converged to an exponential function.An empirical equation was obtained by fitting the solid circulation rate with the operating parameters(particle transport velocity,particle volume fraction,Archimedes number,and Froude number),which is helpful for design and operation of PCFBs.