The Effect of Self-confidence in SLA

Krashen's affective filter theory drew researchers' attention to the fresh field of internal factors of learners.But researchers seem to pay too much attention to the other factors while tending to neglect a factor that we cannot afford to play down in language learning research-self-confidence.This paper is designed to discuss the close relationship between self-confidence and some of the other important affective factors,and furthermore raise appropriate concern over self-confidence.

How to Strengthen Child Learners' Self-confidence

Self-confidence is closely related to L2 learning.In order to make their learners enjoy English learning,English teach ers need to strengthen the learners’English learning confidence.This article is to find out English teachers’role to strengthening learners’self-confidence in ELL by means of class observation.The writer concludes improving speaking ability;giving praise and offering gentle error correcting can help to strengthen the learners’confidence.

Cultivation of Cultural Subjectivity from the Perspective of Cultural Self-Confidence

Economic and cultural globalization has strong impacts on the culture of each country.How to maintain the integrity of the local culture in the course of globalization and how to develop on the basis of the inheritance and innovation are the questions worthy of being studied.This paper firstly expounds the important meaning of cultural subjectivity in the view of cultural self-confidence,then explores the roots for the loss of cultural subjectivity consciousness and finally indicates the strategies of cultivating cultural subjectivity.Cultivating cultural subjectivity is an effective way to maintain the integrity of the local culture and the cultural self-confidence.

On Cultural Self-Confidence and Communication from the Perspective of“Belt and Road”Initiative

An important part of the "Belt and Road " Initiative is to achieve people-to-people bonds. People-to-people bonds are certainly based on cultural self-confidence and cultural self-awareness. Cultural self-confidence is an important cultural strategy put forward by the party and the country in the vision of contemporary society,and an important deployment to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. This paper first gives a brief overview of the advantages of cultural self-confidence in external communication,and then analyzes the opportunities and challenges that cultural self-confidence faces in external communication in the newera. Finally,it focuses on exploration on the external communication ways of cultural self-confidence in the "Belt and Road"Initiative. O nly based on the deep understanding of local culture can we can shape the soul of culture in the process of further opening-up and external communication to the outside world,and enhance the cultural self-aw areness of the people; build a solid foundation of culture and promote cultural exchanges with other countries.

Handling the EFL Students＇ Crisis of Self-confidence to Ask Questions

It is no wonder that inquiring is an important skill. This paper deals with a research which was intended to see if respect and encouragement could solve the problem of students＇ self-confidence to inquire in the EFL （English as a Foreign Language） classroom. The research involved a secondary group of students whose self-confidence to ask questions was considered low by the teacher and research collaborators. The data were collected through observation, questionnaire and interview. Based on a pre-observation, problem sources had been identified, i.e., the students were afraid of being thought of as ＂looking for sensation only＂, afraid that their classmates would laugh at them, worried of being judged as arrogant or pretentious, did not want to be considered stupid, and wondered if they could produce qualified questions. Teachers believed that fear of asking questions is part of the Indonesian students＇ culture. The research team agreed upon the way to handle the problem--by respect and encouragement procedure. The first session implementing the procedure was not successful enough in raising the students＇ self-confidence. Though students had already started to address some questions of this stage, their behaviors did not seem to be improved. They were still afraid, doubtful and unhappy with questioning, which were the signs of lacking of confidence. However, the next cycle was in general a success. The students＇ questions increased considerably. They looked more enthusiastic, passionate and happier in response to teachers＇ invitation to inquire, showing that their self-confidence for asking questions has developed.

Students＇ Satisfaction with Simulation Learning Environment in Relation to Self-confidence and Learning Achievement

The evolution in patient simulation as educational tool is being driven by a number of factors. Priority of patient safety, patient availability, and the ever increasing body of medical knowledge presents new challenges to curriculum planners. Student＇s satisfaction is an important element of the investigation of simulation learning environment efficacy. There are suggestions that student satisfaction may have some correlation with self-confidence and learning achievement. This is a prospective exploratory study that evaluates learners＇ satisfaction with simulation learning environment and self-conference utilized satisfaction with SSE （simulation experience scale） and pre and post simulation test for learning achievement. Participants was third-year medical students （n = 45） participating in their regular simulation-based session at Center of Excellence for Simulation Education and Innovation （CESEI）, University of British Columbia. A comparison between pre- and post-test results was conducted on the basis of t-test for related samples. Correlation was used to explore the relationships among students satisfaction with the simulation environment and students＇ self-confidence and achievement. The simulation exercise, completed by 45 students, increased correct test answers on average from 72% to 89% （P-Value 〈 0.0001 by paired t-test）. Increases in test results were between pre- and post- simulation identical multiple choice questions. The mean score for satisfaction with simulation environment items was 4.47, SD （0.45）, using a 5-point Likert scale with 5 = strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3 = neutral, 2 = disagree, and 1 = strongly disagree. The mean score for self-confidence in performing BLS, evaluating and managing acute cardiac patient was 3.83, SD （1.02）. For evaluating the relationship between students satisfaction with simulation learning environment and learning achievement, bivariate analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between satisfaction with simulation learning environment and learning achievement （Pearson r = 0.80, P-Value 〈 0.01）. The magnitude or strength of the correlation coefficient （r = 0.80） indicated satisfaction with simulation environment and learning achievement have a strong effect and positive correlation. Simulation learning environment for medical students is effective in improving students＇ overall comprehension and better learning achievements. Furthermore, students＇ basic clinical skills are improved associated with higher self-confidence.

Culture Crisis and Culture Self-confidence

The cultural crisis is an inevitable process for any nation and country in the process of modernization. But the crisis is not terrible. With the cultural conflict, it contributes to integration and regeneration. Therefore, when Western learning spread to the East, which means the tradition turns to the modernization, the Eastern learning also spreaded to the West, which means using traditional approaches to solve the problems of modernization. The key to this problem is to construct a new cultural value system that meets the needs of modernization and the future society in the clash and crisis of culture. Chinese should be more confident in meeting foreign culture nowadays. There is no need to be afraid of the mingling of gold and sand, let alone the loss of national unique quality. In an era of reconstruction of the world order, China needs a globalized cultural narrative to rebuild the position of China and Asia in the world＇s cultural history and retrieve the lost position of Chinese culture. To this end, we can learn from nutrients of history and culture, establish self-confidence.

CHINA'S SELF-CONFIDENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

'China should make greater contributions to mankind.'Such contributions are now to be found more and more on the level of global governance.As General Secretary Xi Jinping observed in his New Year Address of 2016,'the world is too big,and challenges are too many,to go without the voice from China being heard,without solution ideas from China being shared,without the involvement of China being needed'.

The Quantitative Instability of Non-linearity System and the Particularity of Information

The present paper tries to discuss the quantity instability in the non-linearity dynamics equations without the limit of the stability in the dynamics equations. The result shows that the quantity instability of non-linearity can be deducted to the turning transformation in the curvature space. “The dynamics of varying acceleration" is not the issue of inertia system in science of the time. The particularity as information cannot limit the quantity instability with the quantity stability in inertia system. The particular information does have the significant meaning related to the turning transformation in evolution, in which each problem of non-linearity or matter evolution can go out of the inertia system by means of “kill three birds with one stone".

论国际关系研究的知识属性——兼论西方国际关系研究的内在缺陷

现代国际关系研究经历百年发展历程之后,正面临着新的机会和选择,需对其基本属性进行重新定位和认识。国内政治与国际关系在本体论层面上的差异决定了政治学与国际关系研究在方法论意义上的根本性差异,国家这个分析单元的个体性而非一般性特征是国际关系研究必须关注的重点。对“科学化”的过分追求可能导致国际关系研究陷入体系性和实践性之间的矛盾,对国际关系研究而言,任何追求简单性、普遍性和体系性的方法可能都未必真正有效,能够切合国际关系实际的,也许是一种更注重复杂性、个体性和特殊性的方法。国际关系研究中找回特殊性应加强对历史研究的关注和对社会研究的借鉴,并注重对文化和价值问题的分析。国际关系的知识应该是一种同时面向个体性、可变性和可能性并高度关注文化和价值因素的知识,既包括传统意义上的科学面向,也需要有新的追求,即降低国家行为的不确定性并探讨国家行为的可能性。这种追求,应该能够为国际关系研究开掘更广阔且更具实效性的空间。

几种特殊火山碎屑岩的形成机制及研究意义

火山碎屑岩是火山物理学研究的最直接对象,也是鉴别碎屑化过程最重要的研究对象。一些特殊类型的火山碎屑岩及相关岩石往往可以反映出某些特征的火山岩浆作用过程,这正是甄别不同类型火山灾害发生概率的基本依据。火山灾害是与火山和火山喷发有关的灾害,它是人类在自然界面临的最重要的灾害类型之一。火山灾害与火山喷发类型直接相关,其中的爆破性火山喷发则可以形成最为致命的强烈火山灾害。爆破性火山喷发的直接产物是形成各式各样的火山碎屑岩,它们代表了喷发过程所带来的不同类型与强度的火山灾害。原生火山碎屑与次生碎屑反映了火山喷发期与喷发间歇期火山表面过程的差异,而岩浆喷发、射汽岩浆喷发和射汽喷发堆积物的鉴定则标志了现代火山学研究的系统性深化,它们是从事火山灾害研究的先导性工作。细粒空降火山灰在水盆地里保存的火山灰纹层因其良好的等时面与环境指示意义而受到人们的重视,与其伴生的岩石则可能需要区分层凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质泥岩等各种不同火山沉积作用类型。熔岩流动碎屑化产生的自碎角砾岩和熔岩流水下淬火形成的碎玻熔岩代表了与熔岩流直接相关的碎屑化,而不是与爆破性火山作用相关的碎屑化。通常把它们划归为原生火山作用碎屑,但其灾害意义却完全不同。不同类型的火山碎屑岩形成于不同的碎屑化机理与成岩方式,其中一些特定的火山碎屑岩更是代表了极为特殊的火山灾害类型与规模。对于隐爆角砾岩,尽管它是一种火山碎屑岩的岩石名称,但其实我们更关心它的资源经济学意义。

民族音乐研究的面向与策略——西藏传统音乐研究个案举述

民族音乐研究的面向与策略问题是一个关涉很广的学术命题,不仅涉及理论问题,同时涉及实践问题。从民族音乐研究尤其不同民族传统音乐的多元化文化背景和多样性形态特征等方面看,寻求契合的理论模型和贴切的实践路径是研究成果是否符合客观实际的重要前提。文章从民族音乐研究的面向与策略相关理论研讨入手,延伸至西藏传统音乐研究实践的个案举述。

国际私法中的普遍主义与特殊主义辩证法

从国际私法的理念出发,不难梳理出一组从普遍主义出发,到特殊主义的反复,再向普遍主义复归的过程。而在人类历史的发展过程中,国际私法的发展历史也一直印证着这一辩证的发展过程。经过探寻法的理念推理和历史时代两方面角度,国际私法普遍主义与特殊主义矛盾运动的辩证过程自然显现,在其中,现代普遍主义学说仍然呼唤着普遍主义的实质复归。

论中国式现代化的中国性

中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征,更有基于自己国情的中国特色,是普遍性与特殊性的统一。从实质上讲,中国式现代化就是社会主义现代化在中国的实践形态和“具体化”,体现着社会主义现代化在中国发展的个性特点和特殊规律。中国式现代化不仅是实现中华民族伟大复兴的路径选择,更是系统的理论,是对中国式现代化道路、理念、目标、发展战略、制度基础、文化蕴涵等多重内容的总结提炼。本文试图将中国式现代化这一系统的理论分解,从中国智慧、中国自信、中国理念、中国战略、中国方案五个角度,深入剖析中国式现代化的“中国性”,以便中国更好认识自身,有利于世界正确理解中国。

中国式现代化文明意识生成的历史性考察

文明意识在“我者”与“他者”的历史比较中呈现,进而形塑其“特殊性”与“普遍性”的价值结构。中国式现代化文明意识的生成主要在中华文明主体性发展、文明意识的历史性涌现和中国共产党人在不同历史时期的实践特质等维度上彰显。中国式现代化创造性地接续了中华文明普遍性重建的历史使命。社会主义与以儒学为代表的中华优秀传统文化皆具有人类文明的理论视野与经世诉求。中国化马克思主义的实践特质主要体现在:一是由特殊性实现普遍性的实践方法论,成为重要方法论原则;二是从特殊性走向普遍性的价值目的论,言说其终极旨趣。作为普遍性叙事话语的“人类文明新形态”,对于中国式现代化的发展与人类文明共同体秩序的重构具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。

马克思历史性思维的呈现方式与当代建构

马克思始终坚持以历史性思维方式展开对现实世界的思考,并在理论研究与实践所需的双重推动下实现对历史性现实运动的内在把握。这种历史性思维呈现为:以把握特定时代的社会历史特质和世界发展趋势作为基本前提,探求现实对象在历史总体进程中展现出的一般必然性与特殊规定性,形成对特定社会现实的批判性解构,据此建构起对历史发展脉络的整体性理解。当代中国正处于世界百年未有之大变局与中华民族伟大复兴战略全局交汇的历史时刻,面对更加严峻的理论挑战和实践任务,需要正确认识中国所处的时代方位和历史阶段,在自我批判与自我革命中形成对中国实践的规律性认识,由此建构历史性思维再现实化的中国逻辑。

自然区划单独立法研究——以《长江保护法》为例

《长江保护法》是我国第一部自然区划单独立法,但相关研究只注重其对长江流域环境保护的影响,而忽视了它对自然区划单独立法的指导与借鉴意义。事实上,《长江保护法》对回答环境法治的三个问题提供了重要启迪。这三个问题是:为何自然区划需要单独立法?什么样的自然区划可以单独立法?自然区划法应如何立法?尤其是在强调立法节制的当下,为长江这一自然区划单独立法而不是修正涉及长江环境保护的环境法律,背后更是具有深远的立法考量与丰富的研究价值。以《长江保护法》为素材,对三个问题进行深入探讨,不仅有利于《长江保护法》未来的革新与发展,更能为新颁布的《黄河保护法》与《青藏高原保护法》等环境法律提供更为详备的理论支撑,进而最终作用于环境法治的发展与完善。《长江保护法》之所以被制定和颁布,缘于长江等自然区划的环保特殊性与现有法律的普适性存在不洽,并且自然区划的环境法治与环境法律的法域链接存在不洽,导致普适的环境法律无法满足自然区划特殊的环境保护需求,以及环境法治在自然区划上的实施过程与实施效果出现了断裂。自然区划需要单独立法,然而却并非所有的自然区划都需要单独立法,长江流域为自然区划立法提供了一个标准型样范。一方面,长江流域具备地理与人文的特殊性,长江流域的环境保护具备环保需求与规制手段的特殊性。另一方面,长江流域跨越多个行政区域,且又是一个完整而聚合的生态系统。因此,只有具有特殊性与广域性的自然区划才会产生与旧有环境法律的上述不洽,才具有单独立法的必要。为了让自然区划法适应于当前环境法律体系,且能更好地发挥其独特的优势与作用,需要将自然区划法置于环境法律体系中的特殊法地位,在法律适用中予以优先适用。并且,自然区划法具有一项不同于现有环境法律的原则——完整性原则。在该原则的指导下,自然区划法需要选择一种与当前环境法律有别的立法模式:确立以地方政府为规制对象,并围绕提升环境质量而非个体规制,赋予地方政府以法律责任。

本质直观:食品包装设计创新能力构建新策略

通过本质直观的“悬搁”方法,分析了本质直观实现“一般性”创造性转化为“特殊性”的设计路径,提出了基于本质直观的设计创新的“特殊性”策略,并以食品包装设计创新的4个方面为例进行了验证;推衍出本质直观在设计中的作用与价值。

基于AE影视特效软件中Particular插件在3D空间下粒子运动轨迹的研究

在影视特效设计中,运用After Effects软件中Particu-lar插件滤镜可以制作出各种绚丽多彩的粒子效果。但是,在3D空间下,Particular滤镜生成粒子的运动轨迹是难以控制的,本文将从粒子环绕文字飞舞这一例子出发,对Particular插件的粒子运动轨迹进行深入研究。

中共直南地方党组织创建的考察

中共直南地方党组织的创建是直南地区社会历史发展的必然结果,此种必然结果的直接原因为该区域社会的政治混乱性、经济凋敝性及文化超前性等因素的影响及作用,根本原因为帝国主义与直南各社会阶级、封建主义与直南人民群众这两对近代直南社会的主要矛盾。中共直南地方党组织创建的独特路径表现为该区域具有革命思想策源阵地——大名第七师范学校及革命斗争策源地——磁县,以及七师党员师生和磁县党组织务实稳重的创造性的革命工作。根据矛盾普遍性和特殊性对立统一的原理,帝国主义与直南各社会阶级、封建主义与直南人民群众这两对近代直南社会的主要矛盾既有普遍性也有特殊性,直南党组织产生的必然性表现出了上述矛盾的普遍性,直南党组织产生的特殊方式表现出了上述矛盾的特殊性。