Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter...Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter） and SO2 （Sulfur Dioxide） concentrations in the city of Istanbul by taking the years 2013 and 2015 as a sample. The data were obtained through the website http：//www.havaizleme.gov.tr, which was published by the Administration of Marmara Clean Air Center of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey. For the years 2013 and 2015, the mean SO2 concentration was 8.35 ± 6.04 and 10.60 ±7.16 μg/m^3. The mean PMI0 concentration was 73.06 ± 30.63 μg/m^3 for 2013 and 51.57 ± 18.84μg/m^3 for 2015. The acceptable upper limit values by WHO （World Health Organization） for daily mean SO2 and PMI0 concentrations respectively are 20 μg/m^3 and 50μg/m^3. In Istanbul, SO2 concentrations were above the upper limit values recommended by WHO, but PM10 concentrations during 2013 and 2015 were over the recommended limit values by WHO. As the particulate matter pollution is at high concentrations during these two years, it has shown that air pollution emerges as a problem awaiting solutions in Istanbul, where is industrially intense, highly populated and also with high traffic density.展开更多
Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a ...Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak and implemented a very strict lockdown that lasted for nearly two months.Using ground-based polarization Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR),we detected real-time aerosol profile parameters(EC,extinction coefficient;DR,depolarization ratio;AOD,aerosol optical depth),as well as air-quality and meteorological indexes from 1 March to 30 April in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effects of lockdown on aerosol concentrations.The period in 2022 was divided into three stages:pre-lockdown(1-10 March),strict lockdown(11 March to 10 April),and partial lockdown(11-30 April).The results showed that,during the strict lockdown period,compared with the pre-lockdown period,there were substantial reductions in aerosol parameters(EC and AOD),and this was consistent with the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm),and the Oconcentration increased by 8.3%.During the strict lockdown,the values of EC within0-1 km and AOD decreased by 16.0% and 11.2%,respectively,as compared to the corresponding period in 2021.Lockdown reduced the conventional and organized emissions of air pollutants,and it clearly delayed the time of seasonal emissions from agricultural burning;however,it did not decrease the number of farmland fire points.Considering meteorological factors and eliminating the influence of wind-blown dust events,the results showed that reductions from conventional organized emission sources during the strict lockdown contributed to a 30% air-quality improvement and a 22% reduction in near-surface extinction(0-2 km).Aerosols produced by urban epidemic prevention and disinfection can also be identified using the EC.Regarding seasonal sources of agricultural straw burning,the concentrated burning induced by the epidemic led to the occurrence of heavy pollution from increased amounts of atmospheric aerosols,with a contribution rate of 62%.These results indicate that there is great potential to further improve air quality in the local area,and suggest that the comprehensive use of straw accompanied by reasonable planned burning is the best way to achieve this.展开更多
文摘Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter） and SO2 （Sulfur Dioxide） concentrations in the city of Istanbul by taking the years 2013 and 2015 as a sample. The data were obtained through the website http：//www.havaizleme.gov.tr, which was published by the Administration of Marmara Clean Air Center of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey. For the years 2013 and 2015, the mean SO2 concentration was 8.35 ± 6.04 and 10.60 ±7.16 μg/m^3. The mean PMI0 concentration was 73.06 ± 30.63 μg/m^3 for 2013 and 51.57 ± 18.84μg/m^3 for 2015. The acceptable upper limit values by WHO （World Health Organization） for daily mean SO2 and PMI0 concentrations respectively are 20 μg/m^3 and 50μg/m^3. In Istanbul, SO2 concentrations were above the upper limit values recommended by WHO, but PM10 concentrations during 2013 and 2015 were over the recommended limit values by WHO. As the particulate matter pollution is at high concentrations during these two years, it has shown that air pollution emerges as a problem awaiting solutions in Istanbul, where is industrially intense, highly populated and also with high traffic density.
基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41775116)。
文摘Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak and implemented a very strict lockdown that lasted for nearly two months.Using ground-based polarization Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR),we detected real-time aerosol profile parameters(EC,extinction coefficient;DR,depolarization ratio;AOD,aerosol optical depth),as well as air-quality and meteorological indexes from 1 March to 30 April in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effects of lockdown on aerosol concentrations.The period in 2022 was divided into three stages:pre-lockdown(1-10 March),strict lockdown(11 March to 10 April),and partial lockdown(11-30 April).The results showed that,during the strict lockdown period,compared with the pre-lockdown period,there were substantial reductions in aerosol parameters(EC and AOD),and this was consistent with the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm),and the Oconcentration increased by 8.3%.During the strict lockdown,the values of EC within0-1 km and AOD decreased by 16.0% and 11.2%,respectively,as compared to the corresponding period in 2021.Lockdown reduced the conventional and organized emissions of air pollutants,and it clearly delayed the time of seasonal emissions from agricultural burning;however,it did not decrease the number of farmland fire points.Considering meteorological factors and eliminating the influence of wind-blown dust events,the results showed that reductions from conventional organized emission sources during the strict lockdown contributed to a 30% air-quality improvement and a 22% reduction in near-surface extinction(0-2 km).Aerosols produced by urban epidemic prevention and disinfection can also be identified using the EC.Regarding seasonal sources of agricultural straw burning,the concentrated burning induced by the epidemic led to the occurrence of heavy pollution from increased amounts of atmospheric aerosols,with a contribution rate of 62%.These results indicate that there is great potential to further improve air quality in the local area,and suggest that the comprehensive use of straw accompanied by reasonable planned burning is the best way to achieve this.
