The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alco...The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.展开更多
ISO 16890:2016《一般通风用空气过滤器》系列标准是首个测试并报告空气过滤器对大气悬浮颗粒物的质量过滤效率(ePMx)及分级的国际标准。结合ISO 16890:2016标准的主要创新或关键点,系统介绍了该标准的基本思路,并阐述了笔者对该标准的...ISO 16890:2016《一般通风用空气过滤器》系列标准是首个测试并报告空气过滤器对大气悬浮颗粒物的质量过滤效率(ePMx)及分级的国际标准。结合ISO 16890:2016标准的主要创新或关键点,系统介绍了该标准的基本思路,并阐述了笔者对该标准的一些认识和观点。就当前国内行业配合该标准的实施宜做的准备提出了建议。展开更多
Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a ...Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak and implemented a very strict lockdown that lasted for nearly two months.Using ground-based polarization Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR),we detected real-time aerosol profile parameters(EC,extinction coefficient;DR,depolarization ratio;AOD,aerosol optical depth),as well as air-quality and meteorological indexes from 1 March to 30 April in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effects of lockdown on aerosol concentrations.The period in 2022 was divided into three stages:pre-lockdown(1-10 March),strict lockdown(11 March to 10 April),and partial lockdown(11-30 April).The results showed that,during the strict lockdown period,compared with the pre-lockdown period,there were substantial reductions in aerosol parameters(EC and AOD),and this was consistent with the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm),and the Oconcentration increased by 8.3%.During the strict lockdown,the values of EC within0-1 km and AOD decreased by 16.0% and 11.2%,respectively,as compared to the corresponding period in 2021.Lockdown reduced the conventional and organized emissions of air pollutants,and it clearly delayed the time of seasonal emissions from agricultural burning;however,it did not decrease the number of farmland fire points.Considering meteorological factors and eliminating the influence of wind-blown dust events,the results showed that reductions from conventional organized emission sources during the strict lockdown contributed to a 30% air-quality improvement and a 22% reduction in near-surface extinction(0-2 km).Aerosols produced by urban epidemic prevention and disinfection can also be identified using the EC.Regarding seasonal sources of agricultural straw burning,the concentrated burning induced by the epidemic led to the occurrence of heavy pollution from increased amounts of atmospheric aerosols,with a contribution rate of 62%.These results indicate that there is great potential to further improve air quality in the local area,and suggest that the comprehensive use of straw accompanied by reasonable planned burning is the best way to achieve this.展开更多
Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter...Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter） and SO2 （Sulfur Dioxide） concentrations in the city of Istanbul by taking the years 2013 and 2015 as a sample. The data were obtained through the website http：//www.havaizleme.gov.tr, which was published by the Administration of Marmara Clean Air Center of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey. For the years 2013 and 2015, the mean SO2 concentration was 8.35 ± 6.04 and 10.60 ±7.16 μg/m^3. The mean PMI0 concentration was 73.06 ± 30.63 μg/m^3 for 2013 and 51.57 ± 18.84μg/m^3 for 2015. The acceptable upper limit values by WHO （World Health Organization） for daily mean SO2 and PMI0 concentrations respectively are 20 μg/m^3 and 50μg/m^3. In Istanbul, SO2 concentrations were above the upper limit values recommended by WHO, but PM10 concentrations during 2013 and 2015 were over the recommended limit values by WHO. As the particulate matter pollution is at high concentrations during these two years, it has shown that air pollution emerges as a problem awaiting solutions in Istanbul, where is industrially intense, highly populated and also with high traffic density.展开更多
Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)depositi...Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human airways.Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device.IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH analysis.Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)modeling.Mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)respectively.PM1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements.PAH like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region.ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue.Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies.MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male.These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.展开更多
文摘The present study was designed to alert the public opinion and policy makers on the supposed enhancing effects of exposure to ambient air particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters < 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. For far too long literature data have been fixated on pulmonary diseases and/or cardiovascular disease, as consequence of particulate exposure, ignoring the link between the explosion of obesity with related syndromes such as NAFLD and air pollution, the worst characteristics of nowadays civilization. In order to delineate a clear picture of this major health problem, further studies should investigate whether and at what extent cigarette smoking and exposure to ambient air PM 2.5 impact the natural history of patients with obesity-related NAFLD,i.e. , development of non alcoholic steatohepatitis, disease characterized by a worse prognosis due its progression towards fibrosis and hepatocarcinoma.
基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDB-SSW-DQC045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41775116)。
文摘Depending on various government policies,COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease-19) lockdowns have had diverse impacts on global aerosol concentrations.In 2022,Changchun a provincial capital city in Northeast China,suffered a severe COVID-19 outbreak and implemented a very strict lockdown that lasted for nearly two months.Using ground-based polarization Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR),we detected real-time aerosol profile parameters(EC,extinction coefficient;DR,depolarization ratio;AOD,aerosol optical depth),as well as air-quality and meteorological indexes from 1 March to 30 April in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effects of lockdown on aerosol concentrations.The period in 2022 was divided into three stages:pre-lockdown(1-10 March),strict lockdown(11 March to 10 April),and partial lockdown(11-30 April).The results showed that,during the strict lockdown period,compared with the pre-lockdown period,there were substantial reductions in aerosol parameters(EC and AOD),and this was consistent with the concentrations of the atmospheric pollutants PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm),and the Oconcentration increased by 8.3%.During the strict lockdown,the values of EC within0-1 km and AOD decreased by 16.0% and 11.2%,respectively,as compared to the corresponding period in 2021.Lockdown reduced the conventional and organized emissions of air pollutants,and it clearly delayed the time of seasonal emissions from agricultural burning;however,it did not decrease the number of farmland fire points.Considering meteorological factors and eliminating the influence of wind-blown dust events,the results showed that reductions from conventional organized emission sources during the strict lockdown contributed to a 30% air-quality improvement and a 22% reduction in near-surface extinction(0-2 km).Aerosols produced by urban epidemic prevention and disinfection can also be identified using the EC.Regarding seasonal sources of agricultural straw burning,the concentrated burning induced by the epidemic led to the occurrence of heavy pollution from increased amounts of atmospheric aerosols,with a contribution rate of 62%.These results indicate that there is great potential to further improve air quality in the local area,and suggest that the comprehensive use of straw accompanied by reasonable planned burning is the best way to achieve this.
文摘Air pollution has been the most important health issue in recent years. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the results of regular measurements of air pollutants PM10 （Particulate Matter of 10 Microns in Diameter） and SO2 （Sulfur Dioxide） concentrations in the city of Istanbul by taking the years 2013 and 2015 as a sample. The data were obtained through the website http：//www.havaizleme.gov.tr, which was published by the Administration of Marmara Clean Air Center of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey. For the years 2013 and 2015, the mean SO2 concentration was 8.35 ± 6.04 and 10.60 ±7.16 μg/m^3. The mean PMI0 concentration was 73.06 ± 30.63 μg/m^3 for 2013 and 51.57 ± 18.84μg/m^3 for 2015. The acceptable upper limit values by WHO （World Health Organization） for daily mean SO2 and PMI0 concentrations respectively are 20 μg/m^3 and 50μg/m^3. In Istanbul, SO2 concentrations were above the upper limit values recommended by WHO, but PM10 concentrations during 2013 and 2015 were over the recommended limit values by WHO. As the particulate matter pollution is at high concentrations during these two years, it has shown that air pollution emerges as a problem awaiting solutions in Istanbul, where is industrially intense, highly populated and also with high traffic density.
文摘Incense smoke(IS)is source of indoor air pollution and key risk for diverse human diseases.Less in-formation is available regarding controlled IS rodent inhalation exposure system and IS particulate matter(PM)deposition in human airways.Study aimed to demonstrate stable ISPM physicochemical parameters of 10 incense products inside the customized whole body inhalation exposure chamber(without animal)connected to smoke generation unit via aerosol mixing device.IS analyzed for size segregated PM emission,ISPM in vitro aerodynamics(MMAD and GSD determination),fine and ultrafine particle's SEM,SEM-EDX and PAH analysis.Using real life exposure scenario by utilizing MMAD,GSD and PM concentration after Tier 1 exposure assessment as key input parameters,ISPM dosimetry in infant(3 months)and adult(21 years male and female)human airways was calculated using multiple-path particle dosimetry(MPPD 3.04)modeling.Mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD)and geo-metric standard deviation(GSD)ranged between 0.55 and 2.10μm and 1.22 to 1.77(polydisperse)respectively.PM1.0 and PM0.1 showed multiple morphology and presence of heavy and trace elements.PAH like acenaphthylene,anthracene,fluorene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were detected(0.84-143.17μg/g).MPPD results showed higher ISPM deposition in pulmonary region and lowest in trachea bronchial region.ISPM deposition in tissue was higher in lower,peripheral lung as compared to upper and central lung tissue.Whole body inhalation exposure system showed stable IS atmosphere(physi-cochemical parameters)indicating the device suitability in future inhalation studies.MPPD ISPM deposition fraction and clearance data showed deep lung penetrating and retention behavior with higher risk in infant followed by female and then male.These modeled particle deposition and clearance data may be useful in risk assessment analysis of IS.
