Effect of Ni content on the wear behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/SiC particles composites

In recent years,the addition of Ni has been widely acknowledged to be capable of enhancing the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys.However,the effect of Ni on the wear behaviors of Al-Si alloys and Al matrix composites,particularly at elevated temperat-ures,remains an understudied area.In this study,Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni/20wt%SiC particles(SiCp)composites with varying Ni contents were prepared by using a semisolid stir casting method.The effect of Ni content on the dry sliding wear behavior of the prepared compos-ites was investigated through sliding tests at 25 and 350℃.Results indicated that theθ-Al_(2)Cu phase gradually diminished and eventually disappeared as the Ni content increased from 0wt%to 3wt%.This change was accompanied by the formation and increase inδ-Al_(3)CuNi andε-Al_(3)Ni phases in microstructures.The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast composites improved,and the wear rates of the composites decreased from 5.29×10^(−4)to 1.94×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 25℃and from 20.2×10^(−4)to 7×10^(−4)mm^(3)/(N∙m)at 350℃with the increase in Ni content from 0wt%to 2wt%.The enhancement in performance was due to the presence of strengthening network structures and additional Ni-containing phases in the composites.However,the wear rate of the 3Ni composite was approximately two times higher than that of the 2Ni composite due to the fracture and debonding of theε-Al_(3)Ni phase.Abrasive wear,delamination wear,and oxidation wear were the predominant wear mechanisms of the investigated composites at 25℃,whereas delamination wear and oxid-ation wear were dominant during sliding at 350℃.

Microstructure-based three-dimensional characterization of chip formation and surface generation in the machining of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites

Particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)are difficult to machine due to the inclusion of hard,brittle reinforcing particles.Existing experimental investigations rarely reveal the complex material removal mechanisms(MRMs)involved in the machining of PRMMCs.This paper develops a three-dimensional(3D)microstructure-based model for investigating the MRM and surface integrity of machined PRMMCs.To accurately mimic the actual microstructure of a PRMMC,polyhedrons were randomly distributed inside the matrix to represent irregular SiC particles.Particle fracture and matrix deformation and failure were taken into account.For the model’s capability comparison,a two-dimensional(2D)analysis was also conducted.Relevant cutting experiments showed that the established 3D model accurately predicted the material removal,chip morphology,machined surface finish,and cutting forces.It was found that the matrix-particle-tool interactions led to particle fractures,mainly in the primary shear and secondary deformation zones along the cutting path and beneath the machined surface.Particle fracture and dilodegment greatly influences the quality of a machined surface.It was also found that although a 2D model can reflect certain material removal features,its ability to predict microstructural variation is limited.

Microstructure Regulation and Combustion Performance Optimization of PVDF/Al Composite Powder by Non-covalent Functionalized Graphenes

Graphene prepared by non-covalent modification of sulfonated poly(ether-ether-ketone)(SPG)was combined with polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/Al to improve the PVDF/Al thermal conductivity while reducing the effect of the thermal resistance at the graphene-polymer interface.The regulation rule of SPG with different contents on the energy release of fluorine-containing system was studied.When the content of SPG is 4%,the peak pressure and rise rate of SPG/PVDF/Al composite powder during ignition reach the maximum of 4845.28 kPa and 8683.58 kPa/s.When the content of SPG is 5%,the PVDF/Al composite powder is completely coated by SPG,and the calorific value of the material reachs the maximum of 29.094 kJ/g.Through the design and micro-control of the composite powder,the calorific value of the material can be effectively improved,but the improvement of the mass release rate still depends on the graphene content and surface modification state.

Carbon Fiber Breakage Mechanism in Aluminum(Al)/Carbon Fibers(CFs) Composite Sheet during Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB) Process

We put forward a method of fabricating Aluminum(Al)/carbon fibers(CFs) composite sheets by the accumulative roll bonding(ARB) method. The finished Al/CFs composite sheet has CFs and pure Al sheets as sandwich and surface layers. After cross-section observation of the Al/CFs composite sheet, we found that the CFs discretely distributed within the sandwich layer. Besides, the tensile test showed that the contribution of the sandwich CFs layer to tensile strength was less than 11% compared with annealed pure Al sheet. With ex-situ observation of the CFs breakage evolution with-16%,-32%, and-45% rolling reduction during the ARB process, the plastic instability of the Al layer was found to bring shear damages to the CFs. At last, the bridging strengthening mechanism introduced by CFs was sacrificed. We provide new insight into and instruction on Al/CFs composite sheet preparation method and processing parameters.

Iron/aluminum nanocomposites prepared by one-step reduction method and their effects on thermal decomposition of AP and AN

Aluminum(Al)powder is widely used in solid propellants.In particular,nano-Al has attracted extensive scholarly attention in the field of energetic materials due to its higher reactivity than micro-Al.However,the existence of aluminum oxide film on its surface reduces the heat release performance of the aluminum powder,which greatly limits its application.Hence,this paper used iron,a component of solid propellant,to coat micron-Al and nano-Al to improve the heat release efficiency and reactivity of Al powder.SEM,TEM,EDS,XRD,XPS,and BET were used to investigate the morphological structure and properties of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes.The results show that Fe was uniformly coated on the surface of Al powder.There was no reaction between Fe and Al,and Fe/Al composite fuels had a larger specific surface area than pure Al,which could better improve the reactivity of pure Al.Besides,the catalytic effects of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes on ammonium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate were explored.The results show that the catalysis of pure Al powder could be greatly improved by coating Fe on the surface of Al powder.Especially,the micron-Fe/Al composite fuel had a higher catalytic effect than the pure nano-Al powder.Hence,Fe/Al composite fuels are expected to be widely used in solid propellants.

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Be/2024Al composites

The high temperature compression test of Be/2024Al composites with 62wt%Be was conducted at 500–575℃ and strain rate of0.003–0.1 s^(-1).The strain-compensated Arrhenius model and modified Johnson–Cook model were introduced to predict the hot deformation behavior of Be/2024Al composites.The result shows that the activation energy of Be/2024Al composites was 363.364 k J·mol^(-1).Compared with composites reinforced with traditional ceramics,Be/2024Al composites can be deformed with ultra-high content of reinforcement,attributing to the deformable property of Be particles.The average relative error of the two models shows that modified Johnson–Cook model was more suitable for low temperature condition while strain-compensated Arrhenius model was more suitable for high temperature condition.The processing map was generated and a hot extrusion experiment was conducted according to the map.A comparation of the microstructure of Be/2024Al composites before and after extrusion shows that the Be particle deformed coordinately with the matrix and elongated at the extrusion direction.

Development and Characterization of Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites

Aluminum based metal matrix composites were fabricated using stir casting where silicon carbide and alumina were the reinforcements. Different types of properties (physical-density, mechanical-tensile, hardness, chemical-corrosion etc.) were measured and compared with base metals/alloys. The properties were significantly varied. The highest density was obtained for pure aluminium with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-4032 alloy. The highest hardness was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al with 5% Al2O3. The highest strength was obtained for AA-6061 with 5% coarse SiC whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al. The highest impact strength was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-6061. The corrosion resistance of all composites was lower than that of the base materials.

Microstructure and Strength of Laser Welds of Sub-micron Particulate-reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composite Al_2O_(3p)/6061Al

The microstructure of laser welds of sub-micron particulate-reinforced aluminum matrix composite Al_2O_(3p)/6061Al and the weldability of the material were studied. Experimental results indicated that because of the huge specific surface area of the reinforcement, the interfacial reaction between the matrix and the reinforcement was re- strained intenslvely at elevated temperature and pulsed laser beam. The main factor affecting the weldability of the com- posite was the reinforcement segregation in the weld resulting from the push of the liquid/solid interface during the soli- dification of the molten pool. The laser pulse frequency directly affected the reinforcement segregation and the reinfor- cement distribution in the weld, so that the weldability of the composite could be improved by increasing the laser pulse frequency. On the basis of this, a satisfactory welded joint of sub-micron paniculate-reinforced aluminum matrix com- posite Al_2O_(3p)/6061Al was obtained by using appopriate welding parameters.

不同形貌Al-Fe金属的块体压制成形模拟研究

文章以含40%Al的Al-Fe复合金属为研究对象,对颗粒状和屑状40Al-Fe复合金属分别进行压制预变形,并对屑状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯进行了二次热压缩变形,重点研究压制预变形及二次热压缩对Al-Fe复合金属成形性和界面影响。结果表明:压力为16 MPa时,颗粒状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯(密度为4.54 g/cm^(3))成形性良好且形成致密界面;压力为16 MPa时,屑状40Al-Fe复合金属预制坯(密度为3.50 g/cm3)可以成形但界面存在孔洞,Al屑主要为“片层状”“狗牙状”“圆圈状”“波浪状”,其经二次热压缩变形,“圆圈状”Al屑连成一个整体,“狗牙状”与“波浪状”Al屑均演变为“片层状”,而Fe屑仍为“片层状”“块状”,未发生明显变形。变形温度300℃、变形速率0.5 s^(-1)、变形程度0.1是目前生产工艺最佳参数,此时屑状40Al-Fe复合金属成形性最佳且界面结合良好(密度为4.66 g/cm^(3))。

超声振动辅助切削SiCp/Al复合材料的加工机理及试验

切削加工过程中材料损伤形式对加工表面质量会产生较大影响,现有仿真分析难以模拟真实颗粒失效行为,通过建立二维微观多相有限元模型能够深入了解材料损伤与表面质量的关系。基于常规切削(Conventional cutting,CC)与超声振动辅助切削(Ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting,UVAC)两种加工方式,通过有限元仿真软件Abaqus对20%SiCp/Al复合材料的切削过程进行仿真模拟,阐释加工过程中刀具与工件的相互作用机理,并在同一参数下验证有限元仿真的准确性。通过设计单因素试验,对比两种加工方式及不同加工参数对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律,得出最佳加工参数组合,并对最佳加工参数下表面形貌进行分析。模拟和试验结果表明,SiC颗粒断裂、颗粒耕犁、颗粒拔出以及Al基体撕裂是影响SiCp/Al复合材料加工质量的主要原因,刀具与颗粒不同的相对作用位置会产生不同的损伤形式。与常规切削相比,施加超声振动后可以有效抑制颗粒失效和基体损伤,使加工中的平均切削力(主切削力)降低33%,工件已加工表面粗糙度值最大减小量为531 nm,显著提高了表面质量。所建立的二维微观多相有限元模型,能够有效模拟铝基复合材料的加工缺陷和裂纹损伤问题,对提高难加工材料的高质量表面制备有重要借鉴意义。

粉末套管法Ti/Al/Ti复合板的界面结合性能

采用粉末套管法,通过“热轧+中间退火+进一步冷轧”工艺制备Ti/Al/Ti复合板。利用扫描电镜、电子探针、能谱仪、XRD分析以及万能实验机,研究不同制备参数下Ti/Al/Ti复合带材的界面形貌、元素分布、物相种类和界面结合强度。结果表明,单一脆性金属间化合物TiAl_(3)的产生会阻碍Ti/Al元素的扩散,扩散层厚度发生减薄。500℃退火,扩散层主要是由扩散形成的冶金结合层,局部区域有少量的金属间化合物TiAl_(3)生成,界面结合强度受冶金结合强度与机械结合强度的动态变化影响,随着压下率升高,结合强度先降低后升高再降低;550℃退火,界面反应增强,TiAl_(3)相逐渐增多,扩散层强度增加,冶金结合强度提高,由14.3 N/mm(500℃)增加至35.1 N/mm(550℃),随着压下率的增大,化合物层破碎程度增加,界面结合强度逐渐降低。

Y/Al-5Ti-1B复合变质对Al-7Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

在传统铸造Al-Si合金中存在的粗大树枝晶α-Al相以及针状共晶Si严重割裂基体,显著降低合金的力学性能。为细化Al-Si合金的组织,提升其力学性能,本文使用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及万能材料试验机,研究了不同添加量Y/Al-5Ti-1B变质剂(Al-5Ti-1B均为2%,稀土Y分别为0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%,质量分数)对Al-7Si合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并探究了其对Al-7Si合金的变质机理。实验结果表明,当Al-5Ti-1B含量为2%、稀土Y含量为0.4%时,变质效果最佳,共晶Si由粗大针状变为细小颗粒状,长和宽分别减小至2.7和0.8μm,相较于未经变质处理的Al-7Si合金,减小了90.6%和4.7%。合金抗拉强度由原来的168.1 MPa提升至209.1 MPa,增加了24.4%。同时伸长率从6.23%提升至9.62%,增长了54.4%。此外,合金的断裂方式也从脆性断裂转变为韧-脆混合断裂。

Al-Sn复合材料的制备及其水反应产氢效率

为提高Al和水的反应活性,采用高能球磨法制备了Al-Sn复合材料,通过SEM、激光粒径分析、XRD等方法表征了Al-Sn复合物的微观结构,研究了Al-Sn复合材料的水反应活性,考察了颗粒粒径、水介质、起始温度、球磨参数变化对Al-Sn复合物水反应活性的影响。实验结果表明,高能球磨法及金属Sn的加入能够大幅提高Al与水反应的活性,制备的Al-Sn复合材料与水反应的氢气产率达83.92%,快速期最大产氢速率为359mL/(min·g)。

GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削力与制孔质量的实验研究

复合材料与金属组成的叠层结构已在航空航天领域广泛使用,然而在复合材料/金属叠层结构上钻削高质量的孔仍是一个挑战。本文旨在研究钻削工艺参数对GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削轴向力和制孔表面质量的影响。使用普通硬质合金麻花钻对GFRP/Al叠层材料进行“一次性”钻孔,并通过Kistler测力仪测量钻削轴向力。结果表明,最大钻削轴向力随每转进给量增加几乎线性增加,随主轴转速增加小幅降低。钻削工艺参数影响铝合金和GFRP制孔表面质量,高每转进给量会降低铝合金制孔出口毛刺,但是会增加GFRP制孔出口损伤;高主轴转速会增加铝合金制孔出口毛刺和GFRP制孔出口损伤。与每转进给量相比,主轴转速对铝合金和GFRP制孔质量影响更大。

Effect of HEA/Al composite interlayer on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti/Mg bimetal composite by solid-liquid compound casting

In this study,HEA/AI composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process.The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping,and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer.The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis.Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can effectively inhibit the interfacial diffusion between Al and Mg,which is conducive to the formation of solid solution,especially when the thickness of HEA is 800 nm.With the increase of casting temperature from 720 ℃ to 730 ℃,740℃,and 750 ℃,α-Al(Mg),α-Al(Mg)+Al3Mg2,Al3Mg2+Al12Mg17,and Al12Mg17+δ-Mg are formed at the interface of Ti/Mg bimetal,respectively.When the thickness of the HEA layer is 800 nm and the pouring temperature is 720 ℃,the bonding strength of the Ti/Mg bimetal can reach the maximum of 93.6 MPa.

预热温度对激光选区熔化成形30%SiC_(p)/AlSi10Mg复合材料力学性能的影响

基板常温工况下激光选区熔化成形中等体积分数SiC_(p)/Al复合材料存在孔洞、裂纹等冶金缺陷,从而导致成形零件致密度低、力学性能差等问题。首先研究了固定优化成形工艺参数时,基板预热温度(200~400℃)对45μm的30%(质量分数,下同)SiC_(p)/AlSi10Mg成形零件表观致密度和力学性能的影响;进一步提高SiC_(p)质量分数至50%,再次评价了上述基板预热温度对成形性能的影响。结果表明,当SiC_(p)质量分数为30%时,升高基板预热温度可以减少成形零件的孔洞和裂纹,成形零件的表观致密度及力学性能显著提高;当基板预热至400℃时,成形零件表观致密度最高达到97.98%,与此同时极限抗压强度和极限抗拉强度分别为578 MPa和56 MPa;随着SiC_(p)质量分数进一步增加至50%,基板预热温度对成形零件致密化和力学性能的强化效果逐步减弱。本研究证明高温预热基板能够有效抑制激光选区熔化成形中等体积分数SiC_(p)/Al复合材料的冶金缺陷,为增材制造SiC_(p)/Al复合材料提供了工程应用解决方案。

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints

Al7075-Cu composite joints were prepared by the squeeze overcast process.The effects of melt temperature,die temperature,and squeeze pressure on hardness and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints were studied.The experimental results depict that squeeze pressure is the most significant process parameter affecting the hardness and UTS.The optimal values of UTS(48 MPa)and hardness(76 HRB)are achieved at a melt temperature of 800℃,a die temperature of 250℃,and a squeeze pressure of 90 MPa.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)shows that fractured surfaces show flatfaced morphology at the optimal experimental condition.Energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)analysis depicts that the atomic weight percentage of Zn decreases with an increase in melt temperature and squeeze pressure.The optimal mechanical properties of the Al7075-Cu overcast joint were achieved at the Al2Cu eutectic phase due to the large number of copper atoms that dispersed into the aluminum melt during the solidification process and the formation of strong intermetallic bonds.Gray relational analysis integrated with the Taguchi method was used to develop an optimal set of control variables for multi-response parametric optimization.Confirmatory tests were performed to validate the effectiveness of the employed technique.The manufacturing of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints at optimal process parameters delivers a great indication to acknowledge a new method for foundry practitioners to manufacture materials with superior mechanical properties.

Particle Removal Mechanism of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites by Single Diamond Grit Tool

Particle removal mechanism was presented during machining particle SiC/Al composites with diamond grinding tool. The relevant removal modes and their mechanisms were discussed considering the impact and squeezing effect of diamond grit on the SiC particle. The experimental results show that the aluminum matrix has larger plastic deformation, so the aluminum mixed with the surplus SiC particles is cut from the surface. The SiC particles can be removed in multiple ways, such as broken/fractured, micro cracks, shearing and pulled out, etc. More particles removed by shearing, and less particles removed by fractured during material removal progress can produce a better machined surface.

Effects of intermediate Ni layer on mechanical properties of Al–Cu layered composites fabricated through cold roll bonding

Layered composites have attracted considerable interest in the recent literature on metal composites. Their mechanical properties depend on the quality of the bonding provided by the intermediate layers. In this study, we analyzed the mechanical properties and bond strengths provided by the nickel layer with respect to its thickness and nature(either powder or coating). The results suggest that bond strength decreases with an increase in the content of nickel powder. At 0.3 vol% of nickel coating, we found the nature of nickel to be less efficient in terms of bond strength. A different picture arose when the content of nickel was increased and the bond strength increased in nickel coated samples. In addition, the results demonstrate that mechanical properties such as bend strength are strongly dependent on bond strength.

Preparation and corrosion resistance of the micro-arc oxidation coating on Al_2O_3f/ZL109 composites

A ceramic layer was prepared on the surface of Al2O3f/ZL109 composites by means of micro-arc oxidation （MAO） technique. The surface morphology and phase constituent of the ceramic layer were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The polarization curves of the composites before and after MAO treatment were measured and analyzed. The results showed that after Al2O3f/ZL109 composites were treated using MAO technique in silicate solution, the ceramic layer formed, and it was composed of Al, Si, and mullite phase. Al and Si came from Al alloy matrix of the composites, and the mullite phase formed in process of MAO. Al2O3 fiber in the composites affects the electric conductivity of the composites, the MAO reaction is promoted, and the cera- mic layer forming on the composite material side is slightly thicker than that on the Al alloy side. After Al2O3f/ZL109 composites were treated using MAO technique, the corro- sion resistance of the composites is significantly improved.