Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.Hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairme...Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.Hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission.This review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain disorders.Improving understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these conditions.However,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain elusive.It is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or postsynaptic.Further exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.展开更多
Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;how...Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;however,the underlying mechanism has not been identified.Materials and Methods:The cross-reactivity of these seven fish parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse and RBL-2H3 cell models.Meanwhile,immunoinformatic tools were used to assess cross-reactivity.Results:The results indicated that the seven species of fishes(turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel)studied exhibited varying degrees of cross-reactivity,with the highest cross-reactivity being between turbot and bass and the lowest being between turbot and conger eel.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the sequence homology of parvalbumin between conger eel and turbot was the lowest,which may account for the conger eel and turbot cross-reaction being so limited.Parvalbumin was a potent cross-reactive allergen found in turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel,and the cross-reactivity between conger eel and turbot parvalbumin was the weakest.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the cross-reactivity between conger eel PV and turbot PV was the weakest.展开更多
Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry und...Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease.This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions.In addition to direct circuit modulation,striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood.We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons,with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuronderived sonic-hedgehog.展开更多
Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiet...Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiety.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we used chronic restraint stress or sleep deprivation to establish mouse models of anxiety that exhibit anxiety-like behaviors.We then supplied treatment with singing bowls in a bottomless cage placed on the top of a cushion.We found that unlike in humans,the combination of harmonic tones and vibrations did not improve anxietylike behaviors in mice,while individual vibration components did.Additionally,the vibration of singing bowls increased the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the somatosensory cortex and prefrontal cortex of the mice,decreased the level ofγ-aminobutyric acid A(GABA)receptorα1 subtype,reduced the level of CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex,and increased the number of GABAergic interneurons.At the same time,electrophysiological tests showed that the vibration of singing bowls significantly reduced the abnormal low-frequency gamma oscillation peak frequency in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by stress restraint pressure and sleep deprivation.Results from this study indicate that the vibration of singing bowls can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors by reducing abnormal molecular and electrophysiological events in somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortex.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82374561(to JD),82174490(to JF)the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,No.2021RC098(to JD)the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Nos.2022JKZKTS44(to JD),2022FSYYZZ07(to JF).
文摘Pain is often comorbid with emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.Hyperexcitability of the anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in pain and pain-related negative emotions that arise from impairments in inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission.This review primarily aims to outline the main circuitry(including the input and output connectivity)of the anterior cingulate cortex and classification and functions of different gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons;it also describes the neurotransmitters/neuromodulators affecting these neurons,their intercommunication with other neurons,and their importance in mental comorbidities associated with chronic pain disorders.Improving understanding on their role in pain-related mental comorbidities may facilitate the development of more effective treatments for these conditions.However,the mechanisms that regulate gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems remain elusive.It is also unclear as to whether the mechanisms are presynaptic or postsynaptic.Further exploration of the complexities of this system may reveal new pathways for research and drug development.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871719).
文摘Objectives:Parvalbumin(PV)is the primary allergen found in fish and is highly conserved.According to some studies,some patients with fish allergy are allergic to only one species of fish but are tolerant to others;however,the underlying mechanism has not been identified.Materials and Methods:The cross-reactivity of these seven fish parvalbumins based on turbot PV-treated mice was determined using BALB/c mouse and RBL-2H3 cell models.Meanwhile,immunoinformatic tools were used to assess cross-reactivity.Results:The results indicated that the seven species of fishes(turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel)studied exhibited varying degrees of cross-reactivity,with the highest cross-reactivity being between turbot and bass and the lowest being between turbot and conger eel.The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the sequence homology of parvalbumin between conger eel and turbot was the lowest,which may account for the conger eel and turbot cross-reaction being so limited.Parvalbumin was a potent cross-reactive allergen found in turbot,large yellow croaker,sea bass,grass carp,common carp,conger eel and Japanese eel,and the cross-reactivity between conger eel and turbot parvalbumin was the weakest.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that the cross-reactivity between conger eel PV and turbot PV was the weakest.
文摘Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors,including motor activity and reward and emotional processing.Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease.This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions.In addition to direct circuit modulation,striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood.We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons,with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuronderived sonic-hedgehog.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNos.32170950(to LY),31970915(to LY),31871170(to CL)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province for Major Cultivation ProjectNo.2018B030336001(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2021A1515010804(to CL),2023A1515010899(to CL)the Guangdong Grant‘Key Technologies for Treatment of Brain Disorders’No.2018B030332001(to CL)。
文摘Tibetan singing bowls emit low-frequency sounds and produce perceptible harmonic tones and vibrations through manual tapping.The sounds the singing bowls produce have been shown to enhance relaxation and reduce anxiety.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we used chronic restraint stress or sleep deprivation to establish mouse models of anxiety that exhibit anxiety-like behaviors.We then supplied treatment with singing bowls in a bottomless cage placed on the top of a cushion.We found that unlike in humans,the combination of harmonic tones and vibrations did not improve anxietylike behaviors in mice,while individual vibration components did.Additionally,the vibration of singing bowls increased the level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 in the somatosensory cortex and prefrontal cortex of the mice,decreased the level ofγ-aminobutyric acid A(GABA)receptorα1 subtype,reduced the level of CaMKII in the prefrontal cortex,and increased the number of GABAergic interneurons.At the same time,electrophysiological tests showed that the vibration of singing bowls significantly reduced the abnormal low-frequency gamma oscillation peak frequency in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by stress restraint pressure and sleep deprivation.Results from this study indicate that the vibration of singing bowls can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors by reducing abnormal molecular and electrophysiological events in somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortex.
