Energy-Saving Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Optimization with Dual Resource Constraints Based on Integrated Q-Learning Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer

The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.

Limit state analysis of rigid retaining structures against seismically induced passive failure in heterogeneous soils

Soils are not necessarily uniform and may present linearly varied or layered characteristics,for example the backfilled soils behind rigid retaining walls.In the presence of large lateral thrust imposed by arch bridge,passive soil failure is possible.A reliable prediction of passive earth pressure for the design of such wall is challenging in complicated soil strata,when adopting the conventional limit analysis method.In order to overcome the challenge for generating a kinematically admissible velocity field and a statically allowable stress field,finite element method is incorporated into limit analysis,forming finiteelement upper-bound(FEUB)and finite-element lower-bound(FELB)methods.Pseudo-static,original and modified pseudo-dynamic approaches are adopted to represent seismic acceleration inputs.After generating feasible velocity and stress fields within discretized elements based on specific criteria,FEUB and FELB formulations of seismic passive earth pressure(coefficient K_(P))can be derived from work rate balance equation and stress equilibrium.Resorting to an interior point algorithm,optimal upper and lower bound solutions are obtained.The proposed FEUB and FELB procedures are well validated by limit equilibrium as well as lower-bound and kinematic analyses.Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of influential factors on seismic K_(P).Notably,true solution of K_(P) is well estimated based on less than 5%difference between FEUB and FELB solutions under such complex scenarios.

LFM Radar Source Passive Localization Algorithm Based on Range Migration

Traditional single-satellite passive localization algorithms are influenced by frequency and angle measurement accuracies,resulting in error estimation of emitter position on the order of kilometers.Subsequently,a single-satellite localization algorithm based on passive synthetic aper-ture(PSA)was introduced,enabling high-precision positioning.However,its estimation of azimuth and range distance is considerably affected by the residual frequency offset(RFO)of uncoopera-tive system transceivers.Furthermore,it requires data containing a satellite flying over the radia-tion source for RFO search.After estimating the RFO,an accurate estimation of azimuth and range distance can be carried out,which is difficult to achieve in practical situations.An LFM radar source passive localization algorithm based on range migration is proposed to address the dif-ficulty in estimating frequency offset.The algorithm first provides a rough estimate of the pulse repetition time(PRT).It processes intercepted signals through range compression,range interpola-tion,and polynomial fitting to obtain range migration observations.Subsequently,it uses the changing information of range migration and an accurate PRT to formulate a system of nonlinear equations,obtaining the emitter position and a more accurate PRT through a two-step localization algorithm.Frequency offset only induces a fixed offset in range migration,which does not affect the changing information.This algorithm can also achieve high-precision localization in squint scenar-ios.Finally,the effectiveness of this algorithm is verified through simulations.

Detection of UAV Target Based on Continuous Radon Transform and Matched Filtering Process for Passive Bistatic Radar

Long-time integration technique is an effective way of improving target detection performance for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in the passive bistatic radar(PBR),while range migration(RM)and Doppler frequency migration(DFM)may have a major effect due to the target maneuverability.This paper proposed an innovative long-time coherent integration approach,regarded as Continuous Radon-matched filtering process(CRMFP),for low-observable UAV target in passive bistatic radar.It not only mitigates the RM by collaborative research in range and velocity dimensions but also compensates the DFM and ensures the coherent integration through the matched filtering process(MFP).Numerical and real-life data following detailed analysis verify that the proposed method can overcome the Doppler mismatch influence and acquire comparable detection performance.

Low-energy-consumption temperature swing system for CO_(2) capture by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating

Temperature-swing adsorption(TSA)is an effective technique for CO_(2) capture,but the temperature swing procedure is energy-intensive.Herein,we report a low-energy-consumption system by combining passive radiative cooling and solar heating for the uptake of CO_(2) on commercial activated carbons(CACs).During adsorption,the adsorbents are coated with a layer of hierarchically porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene)[P(VdF-HFP)HP],which cools the adsorbents to a low temperature under sunlight through radiative cooling.For desorption,CACs with broad absorption of the solar spectrum are exposed to light irradiation for heating.The heating and cooling processes are completely driven by solar energy.Adsorption tests under mimicked sunlight using the CACs show that the performance of this system is comparable to that of the traditional ones.Furthermore,under real sunlight irradiation,the adsorption capacity of the CACs can be well maintained after multiple cycles.The present work may inspire the development of new temperature swing procedures with little energy consumption.

Coarse-fine joint target parameter estimation method based on AN-RSC in OFDM passive radar

In this paper,we study the accuracy of delay-Doppler parameter estimation of targets in a passive radar using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)signal.A coarse-fine joint estimation method is proposed to achieve better estimation accuracy of target parameters without excessive computational burden.Firstly,the modulation symbol domain(MSD)method is used to roughly estimate the delay and Doppler of targets.Then,to obtain high-precision Doppler estimation,the atomic norm(AN)based on the multiple measurement vectors(MMV)model(MMV-AN)is used to manifest the signal sparsity in the continuous Doppler domain.At the same time,a reference signal compensation(RSC)method is presented to obtain highprecision delay estimation.Simulation results based on the OFDM signal show that the coarse-fine joint estimation method based on AN-RSC can obtain a more accurate estimation of target parameters compared with other algorithms.In addition,the proposed method also possesses computational advantages compared with the joint parameter estimation.

The Effects of Thickness and Location of PCMon the Building’s Passive Temperature-Control–A Numerical Study

Building energy consumption and building carbon emissions both account for more than 20%of their total national values in China.Building employing phase change material(PCM)for passive temperature control shows a promising prospect in meeting the comfort demand and reducing energy consumption simultaneously.However,there is a lack of more detailed research on the interaction between the location and thickness of PCM and indoor natural convection,as well as indoor temperature distribution.In this study,the numerical model of a passive temperature-controlled building integrating the developed PCM module is established with the help of ANSYS.In which,the actual weather condition of Beijing city is set as the boundary conditions and the indoor natural convection is simulated with the consideration of radiation model.The effects of PCM’s thickness and location on the internal temperature field are analyzed and discussed.The results show that the room could maintain within the human comfort temperature range with the longest ratio of 94.10%and the shortest ratio of 51.04%as integrating PCM.In comparison,the value is only 26.70%without PCM.The room’s maximum temperature fluctuation can also be improved;it could be lowered by 64.4%compared to the normal condition.When the quantity of PCM is sufficient,further increasing the PCM amount results in a temperature fluctuation reduction of less than 0.1°C and does not increase the comfort time.Placing PCM on the wall induces an apparent variation in indoor temperature along the vertical direction.Conversely,placing PCM on the roof can lead to a heat transfer rate difference of up to seven times.The optimal placement of PCM depends on the difference between the environmental and phase change temperatures.If the difference is positive,placing PCM on the roof is more effective;conversely,the opposite holds.According to the results over the entire cycle,PCM application on vertical walls yields better performance.The significant difference in natural convection caused by the same thickness of PCM but different application positions,coupled with the influence of air movement on the melting and solidification of PCM,further impacts indoor temperature fluctuations and comfort.This study can provide guidance for the application location and thickness of PCM,especially for scenarios where temperature regulation is required at a specific time.

Equalization Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Reference Signal Frequency Domain Block Joint for DTMB-Based Passive Radar

Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.

The Economic Demands on the Method of Founding a Passive Brick House on Foamed Glass Granulate

The cost of acquisition of a passive house is a little higher than that of a conventional house.Proper design of a passive house should include not only thermal protection and stability of the construction,but it must also take into account the price demands on each of the proposed structures and solution of details.The paper deals with the financial comparison of the traditional method of a foundation on the foundation strips of plain concrete and the modern method of founding a passive house as brick construction on the reinforced concrete slab base with a compact subsoil layer of thermal insulation in the form of granules of foamed glass.

Energy-saving Technology of Vent in Passive Solar Wall of Rural House of Severe Cold Region

This paper aims at solving the problems of low thermal collection rate,inconvenient maintenance,hindering indoor using during the application of passive solar technologies in rural houses in severe cold region.All these defects prevent the passive solar houses' further development. This paper chooses trombe wall,which has higher thermal efficiency of the passive solar house,as research object. The traditional vent is improved into a new type of ventilation device. This improvement overcomes the shortcoming,which traditional vent loses huge heat,and simplifies the construction of vent. Comparing with traditional trombe wall,the energy saving rate is 15. 69%.

Green,Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings

Currently,light-transmitting,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment.Here,we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo.The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60%at 6.23 mm,illuminance of 1000 luminance(lux),water absorption stability(mass change rate less than 4%),longitudinal tensile strength(46.40 MPa),and surface properties(80.2 HD).These were attributed to not only the retention of the natural circular hollow structure of the bamboo rod on the macro,but also the complete bamboo fiber skeleton template impregnated with UV resin on the micro.Moreover,a multilayered device consisting of translucent whole bamboo,transparent bamboo sheets,and electromagnetic shielding film exhibited remarkable heat insulation and heat preservation performance as well as an electromagnetic shielding performance of 46.3 dB.The impressive optical transmittance,mechanical properties,thermal performance,and electromagnetic shielding abilities combined with the renewable and sustainable nature,as well as the fast and efficient manufacturing process,make this bamboo composite material suitable for effective application in transparent,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding buildings.

Comprehensive analysis of pure-quartic soliton dynamics in a passively mode-locked fiber laser

The understanding of soliton dynamics promotes the development of ultrafast laser technology. High-energy purequartic solitons(PQSs) have gradually become a hotspot in recent years. Herein, we numerically study the influence of the gain bandwidth, saturation power, small-signal gain, and output coupler on PQS dynamics in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. The results show that the above four parameters can affect PQS dynamics. Pulsating PQSs occur as we alter the other three parameters when the gain bandwidth is 50 nm. Meanwhile, PQSs evolve from pulsating to erupting and then to splitting as the other three parameters are altered when the gain bandwidth is 10 nm, which can be attributed to the existence of the spectral filtering effect and intra-cavity fourth-order dispersion. These findings provide new insights into PQS dynamics in passively mode-locked fiber lasers.

Low-content Pt-triggered the optimized d-band center of Rh metallene for energy-saving hydrogen production coupled with hydrazine degradation

Utilizing the hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis for energy-efficient hydrogen production shows a promising application, which relies on the development and design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, we reported a low-content Pt-doped Rh metallene(Pt-Rhene) for hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis towards energy-saving hydrogen(H_(2)) production, where the ultrathin metallene is constructed to provide enough favorable active sites for catalysis and improve atom utilization.Additionally, the synergistic effect between Rh and Pt can optimize the electronic structure of Rh for improving the intrinsic activity. Therefore, the required overpotential of Pt-Rhene is only 37 mV to reach a current density of-10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), and the Pt-Rhene exhibits a required overpotential of only 11 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR). With the constructed HER-HzOR two-electrode system, the Pt-Rhene electrodes exhibit an extremely low voltage(0.06/0.19/0.28 V) to achieve current densities of 10/50/100 mA cm^(-2) for energy-saving H_(2) production, which greatly reduces the electrolysis energy consumption. Moreover,DFT calculations further demonstrate that the introduction of Pt modulates the electronic structure of Rh and optimizes the d-band center, thus enhancing the adsorption and desorption of reactant/intermediates in the electrocatalytic reaction.

Investigation of Experimental Devices for Finger Active and Passive Tactile Friction Analysis

Complicated tribological behavior occurs when human fingers touch and perceive the surfaces of objects.In this process,people use their exploration style with different conditions,such as contact load,sliding speed,sliding direction,and angle of orientation between fingers and object surface consciously or unconsciously.This work addressed interlaboratory experimental devices for finger active and passive tactile friction analysis,showing two types of finger movement.In active sliding experiment,the participant slid their finger freely against the object surface,requiring the subject to control the motion conditions themselves.For passive sliding experiments,these motion conditions were adjusted by the device.Several analysis parameters,such as contact force,vibration acceleration signals,vibration magnitude,and fingerprint deformation were recorded simultaneously.Noticeable friction differences were observed when comparing active sliding and passive sliding.For passive sliding,stick-slip behavior occurred when sliding in the distal direction,evidenced by observing the friction force and the related deformation of the fingerprint ridges.The employed devices showed good repeatability and high reliability,which enriched the design of the experimental platform and provided guidance to the standardization research in the field of tactile friction.

Designing radiative cooling metamaterials for passive thermal management by particle swarm optimization

The passive radiative cooling technology shows a great potential application on reducing the enormous global energy consumption.The multilayer metamaterials could enhance the radiative cooling performance.However,it is a challenge to design the radiative cooler.In this work,based on the particle swarm optimization(PSO)evolutionary algorithm,we develop an intelligent workflow in designing photonic radiative cooling metamaterials.Specifically,we design two 10-layer SiO_(2) radiative coolers doped by cylindrical MgF_(2) or air impurities,possessing high emissivity within the selective(8–13μm)and broadband(8–25μm)atmospheric transparency windows,respectively.Our two kinds of coolers demonstrate power density as high as 119 W/m^(2) and 132 W/m^(2) at the room temperature(300 K).Our scheme does not rely on the usage of special materials,forming high-performing metamaterials with conventional poor-performing components.This significant improvement of the emission spectra proves the effectiveness of our inverse design algorithm in boosting the discovery of high-performing functional metamaterials.

Space-time correlations of passive scalar in Kraichnan model

We consider the two-point,two-time(space-time)correlation of passive scalar R(r,τ)in the Kraichnan model under the assumption of homogeneity and isotropy.Using the fine-gird PDF method,we find that R(r,τ)satisfies a diffusion equation with constant diffusion coefficient determined by velocity variance and molecular diffusion.Itssolution can be expressed in terms of the two-point,one time correlation of passive scalar,i.e.,R(r,0).Moreover,the decorrelation o R(k,τ),which is the Fourier transform of R(r,τ),is determined byR(k,0)and a diffusion kernal.

NuBot:A Magnetic Adhesion Robot with Passive Suspension to Inspect the Steel Lining

The steel lining of huge facilities is a significant structure,which experiences extreme environments and needs to be inspected periodically after manufacture.However,due to the complexity(crisscross welds,curved surface,etc.)of their inside environments,high demands for stable adhesion and curvature adaptability are put forward.This paper presents a novel wheeled magnetic adhesion robot with passive suspension applied in nuclear power containment called NuBot,and mainly focuses on the following aspects:(1)proposing the wheeled locomotion suspension to adapt the robot to the uneven surface;(2)implementing the parameter optimization of NuBot.A comprehensive optimization model is established,and global optimal dimensions are properly chosen from performance atlases;(3)determining the normalization factor and actual dimensional parameters by constraints of the steel lining environment;(4)structure design of the overall robot and the magnetic wheels are completed.Experiments show that the robot can achieve precise locomotion on both strong and weak magnetic walls with various inclination angles,and can stably cross the 5 mm weld seam.Besides,its maximum payload capacity reaches 3.6 kg.Results show that the NuBot designed by the proposed systematic method has good comprehensive capabilities of surface-adaptability,adhesion stability,and payload.Besides,the robot can be applied in more ferromagnetic environments and the design method offers guidance for similar wheeled robots with passive suspension.

Single exposure passive three-dimensional information reconstruction based on an ordinary imaging system

Existing three-dimensional(3D) imaging technologies have issues such as requiring active illumination, multiple exposures, or coding modulation. We propose a passive single 3D imaging method based on an ordinary imaging system.Using the point spread function of the imaging system to realize the non-coding measurement on the target, the full-focus images and depth information of the 3D target can be extracted from a single two-dimensional(2D) image through the compressed sensing algorithm. Simulation and experiments show that this approach can complete passive 3D imaging based on an ordinary imaging system without any coding operations. This method can achieve millimeter-level vertical resolution under single exposure conditions and has the potential for real-time dynamic 3D imaging. It improves the efficiency of 3D information detection, reduces the complexity of the imaging system, and may be of considerable value to the field of computer vision and other related applications.

Exploring Passive Exoskeleton-Induced Changes in Lumbar Muscle Activity

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using a passive exoskeleton on lumbar muscle activity during lifting movements, and to determine whether muscle activity remains altered after exoskeleton removal. This study sought to identify the potential risks and benefits associated with the use of passive exoskeletons for the prevention and treatment of low back pain. Methods: Eighteen healthy adult participants lifted a 10 kg suitcase while wearing a passive exoskeleton. Muscle activity and postures were measured during lifting and before, during, and after exoskeleton use. This study examined whether the reduced muscle activity observed during exoskeleton use persisted after exoskeleton removal. Muscle activity was assessed using electromyography and postures were recorded using reflective markers and a camera. Results: The study found that Lumbar muscle activity decreased significantly (approximately 40%) during exoskeleton use compared to that without exoskeleton use. Importantly, lumbar muscle activity remained low after exoskeleton removal, at levels similar to those observed during exoskeleton use. This suggests that individuals adapted to the exoskeleton support and maintained altered muscle control, even without the exoskeleton. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that passive exoskeletons significantly reduce lumbar muscle activity during lifting tasks, and that this altered muscle control persists after exoskeleton removal. These findings contribute to the understanding of the risks and benefits of passive exoskeletons, potentially aiding their development and informing their use in the prevention and treatment of low back pain.