Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm...Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm-up for aerobic activity. Methods： The HR and VO2 of 15 male and 16 female college students were measured after either 12 min of passive static stretching （SS）, or 12 rain pseudo-stretching （PS）, which consisted of moving through the stretching positions without placing the muscles on stretch. Four different lower body stretches were used with each stretch held for 30 s before the participant moved to a different position, with the circuit being repeated four times. VO2 was determined by averaging breath-by-breath measures over the total 12 min. HR was obtained every 30 s and the 24 values were averaged. Warm-up benefit was determined from the 02 deficit accrued during 7-min cycling at 60% VOzmax. Results： HR （beats/rain, mean 4. SD） for SS （84 ± 11） was a significant （p 〈 0.05） 9% greater than PS （78 ± 12）. Similarly, VO2 （mL/min, mean 4. SD） for SS （0.53 ± 0.13） was a significant 44% greater than PS （0.38 ± 0.11）. The O2 deficit （L, mean 4, SD） for SS （0.64 ± 1.54） was not different from PS （0.72 ± 1.61）. Conclusion： These data indicate that passive static stretching increases both HR and VO2, indicating that metabolic activity can be increased without muscle activation. The magnitude of the increases, however, is not sufficient to elicit a warm-up effect.展开更多
Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion(ROM).Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance,primarily after prolonged sta...Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion(ROM).Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance,primarily after prolonged static stretching(SS)and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF)techniques when not incorporated into a full warm up procedure.In contrast,ballistic stretching and dynamic stretching techniques typically induce either an increase or no change in muscular force and power.This review explores studies that have investigated stretching responses on ROM,muscle functionality and performance.Collectively,the literature demonstrates that prolonged acute SS and PNF stretching can elicit the greatest changes in flexibility,but without additional dynamic activities(i.e.full warm up)can induce neuromuscular force and power output impairments,while increasing ROM and some sports specific performance.Muscle response to stretching may be determined by the manipulation of confounding variables such as duration,population,volume,test specificity and frequency.An increased dosage of some of these variables during stretching in isolation,augments ROM increases while attenuating muscle force output,except for stretching intensity which may lead to similar responses.Populations with high flexibility may have positive effects from stretching when tested on their sport specific performance,while general population may suffer greater negative effects.Not control-ling these variables during stretching protocols may lead to misleading information regarding its effects on muscle performance.展开更多
文摘Purpose： The purpose of this study was to determine the extent that a static stretching program could increase heart rate （HR） and oxygen consumption （VO2）, and if the increases were sufficient to serve as a warm-up for aerobic activity. Methods： The HR and VO2 of 15 male and 16 female college students were measured after either 12 min of passive static stretching （SS）, or 12 rain pseudo-stretching （PS）, which consisted of moving through the stretching positions without placing the muscles on stretch. Four different lower body stretches were used with each stretch held for 30 s before the participant moved to a different position, with the circuit being repeated four times. VO2 was determined by averaging breath-by-breath measures over the total 12 min. HR was obtained every 30 s and the 24 values were averaged. Warm-up benefit was determined from the 02 deficit accrued during 7-min cycling at 60% VOzmax. Results： HR （beats/rain, mean 4. SD） for SS （84 ± 11） was a significant （p 〈 0.05） 9% greater than PS （78 ± 12）. Similarly, VO2 （mL/min, mean 4. SD） for SS （0.53 ± 0.13） was a significant 44% greater than PS （0.38 ± 0.11）. The O2 deficit （L, mean 4, SD） for SS （0.64 ± 1.54） was not different from PS （0.72 ± 1.61）. Conclusion： These data indicate that passive static stretching increases both HR and VO2, indicating that metabolic activity can be increased without muscle activation. The magnitude of the increases, however, is not sufficient to elicit a warm-up effect.
文摘Passive and active stretching techniques have been shown to increase both chronic and acute range of motion(ROM).Acute ROM improvements can be countered by decreases in muscle performance,primarily after prolonged static stretching(SS)and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF)techniques when not incorporated into a full warm up procedure.In contrast,ballistic stretching and dynamic stretching techniques typically induce either an increase or no change in muscular force and power.This review explores studies that have investigated stretching responses on ROM,muscle functionality and performance.Collectively,the literature demonstrates that prolonged acute SS and PNF stretching can elicit the greatest changes in flexibility,but without additional dynamic activities(i.e.full warm up)can induce neuromuscular force and power output impairments,while increasing ROM and some sports specific performance.Muscle response to stretching may be determined by the manipulation of confounding variables such as duration,population,volume,test specificity and frequency.An increased dosage of some of these variables during stretching in isolation,augments ROM increases while attenuating muscle force output,except for stretching intensity which may lead to similar responses.Populations with high flexibility may have positive effects from stretching when tested on their sport specific performance,while general population may suffer greater negative effects.Not control-ling these variables during stretching protocols may lead to misleading information regarding its effects on muscle performance.
