A Stiffness Variable Passive Compliance Device with Reconfigurable Elastic Inner Skeleton and Origami Shell

Devices with variable stiffness are drawing more and more attention with the growing interests of human-robot interaction,wearable robotics,rehabilitation robotics,etc.In this paper,the authors report on the design,analysis and experiments of a stiffness variable passive compliant device whose structure is a combination of a reconfigurable elastic inner skeleton and an origami shell.The main concept of the reconfigurable skeleton is to have two elastic trapezoid four-bar linkages arranged in orthogonal.The stiffness variation generates from the passive deflection of the elastic limbs and is realized by actively switching the arrangement of the leaf springs and the passive joints in a fast,simple and straightforward manner.The kinetostatics and the compliance of the device are analyzed based on an efficient approach to the large deflection problem of the elastic links.A prototype is fabricated to conduct experiments for the assessment of the proposed concept.The results show that the prototype possesses relatively low stiffness under the compliant status and high stiffness under the stiff status with a status switching speed around 80 ms.

Force Control Compensation Method with Variable Load Stiffness and Damping of the Hydraulic Drive Unit Force Control System

Each joint of hydraulic drive quadruped robot is driven by the hydraulic drive unit（HDU）, and the contacting between the robot foot end and the ground is complex and variable, which increases the difficulty of force control inevitably. In the recent years, although many scholars researched some control methods such as disturbance rejection control, parameter self-adaptive control, impedance control and so on, to improve the force control performance of HDU, the robustness of the force control still needs improving. Therefore, how to simulate the complex and variable load characteristics of the environment structure and how to ensure HDU having excellent force control performance with the complex and variable load characteristics are key issues to be solved in this paper. The force control system mathematic model of HDU is established by the mechanism modeling method, and the theoretical models of a novel force control compensation method and a load characteristics simulation method under different environment structures are derived, considering the dynamic characteristics of the load stiffness and the load damping under different environment structures. Then, simulation effects of the variable load stiffness and load damping under the step and sinusoidal load force are analyzed experimentally on the HDU force control performance test platform, which provides the foundation for the force control compensation experiment research. In addition, the optimized PID control parameters are designed to make the HDU have better force control performance with suitable load stiffness and load damping, under which the force control compensation method is introduced, and the robustness of the force control system with several constant load characteristics and the variable load characteristics respectively are comparatively analyzed by experiment. The research results indicate that if the load characteristics are known, the force control compensation method presented in this paper has positive compensation effects on the load characteristics variation, i.e., this method decreases the effects of the load characteristics variation on the force control performance and enhances the force control system robustness with the constant PID parameters, thereby, the online PID parameters tuning control method which is complex needs not be adopted. All the above research provides theoretical and experimental foundation for the force control method of the quadruped robot joints with high robustness.

Theoretical and experimental research on a new system of semi-active structural control with variable stiffness and damping

In this paper,a new system of semi active structural control with active variable stiffness and damping (AVSD) is suggested.This new system amplifies the structural displacement to dissipate more energy,and in turn,effectively reduces the structural response in the case of relatively small story drifts,which occur during earthquakes.A predictive instantaneous optimal control algorithm is established for a SDOF structure equipped with an AVSD system Comparative shaking table tests of a 1/4 scale single story structural model with a full scale control device have been conducted.From the experimental and analytical results,it is shown that when compared to structures without control or with the active variable stiffness control alone, the suggested system exhibits higher efficiency in controlling the structural response,requires less energy input,operates with higher reliability,and can be manufactured at a lower cost and used in a wider range of engineering applications.

A low-frequency pure metal metamaterial absorber with continuously tunable stiffness

To address the incompatibility between high environmental adaptability and deep subwavelength characteristics in conventional local resonance metamaterials,and overcome the deficiencies in the stability of existing active control techniques for band gaps,this paper proposes a design method of pure metal vibration damping metamaterial with continuously tunable stiffness for wideband elastic wave absorption.We design a dual-helix narrow-slit pure metal metamaterial unit,which possesses the triple advantage of high spatial compactness,low stiffness characteristics,and high structural stability,enabling the opening of elastic flexural band gaps in the low-frequency range.Similar to the principle of a sliding rheostat,the introduction of continuously sliding plug-ins into the helical slits enables the continuous variation of the stiffness of the metamaterial unit,achieving a continuously tunable band gap effect.This successfully extends the effective band gap by more than ten times.The experimental results indicate that this metamaterial unit can be used as an additional vibration absorber to absorb the low-frequency vibration energy effectively.Furthermore,it advances the metamaterial absorbers from a purely passive narrowband design to a wideband tunable one.The pure metal double-helix metamaterials retain the subwavelength properties of metamaterials and are suitable for deployment in harsh environments.Simultaneously,by adjusting its stiffness,it substantially broadens the effective band gap range,presenting promising potential applications in various mechanical equipment operating under adverse conditions.

Mechanism of electro-hydraulic exciter for new tamping device

A new tamping device which is driven by an electrohydraulic exciter was proposed to overcome the limitations of mechanically driven devices.The double-rod oscillation cylinder drives the tamping arm to realize vibration.A new spin valve was designed in order to fulfill dynamic state requirements of the oscillation cylinder.Parametric analysis was carried out by establishing mathematic model.Then,the relationships among the structure of valve port and the frequency,amplitude,output shock force of the cylinder were researched.An experimental device of the electrohydraulic exciter was established to validate the theoretical results.The signals were acquired by AVANT dynamic signal analyser of vibration.The results show that new tamping device can satisfy all kinds of complex working conditions with the flexible adjustment of frequency and amplitude.

MRE耗能阻尼器力学性能及半主动控制分析

根据磁流变弹性体(magnetorheological elastomer,简称MRE)的可调力学特性提出了基于MRE的新型耗能阻尼器,并对制备完成的硅橡胶基磁流变弹性体及阻尼器分别进行力学性能试验。利用Matlab/Simulink对各层均装有MRE阻尼器的7层框架结构进行建模仿真分析,将被动控制与基于半主动控制策略的经典最优控制和序列最优控制进行比较。力学测试结果表明:MRE在0~500 mT磁感应强度下其剪切模量变化值达到132.43 kPa,磁流变效应约提高274%;增大加载幅值和加载速率,均能提高MRE阻尼器的力学性能;对阻尼器施加电流激励,在0~10 A增大过程中其等效刚度和阻尼可以实现连续可调。仿真结果表明:基于MRE阻尼器的半主动控制系统可以有效减小结构在地震作用下的响应,3种控制均能对结构动力响应起到良好的控制效果,其中序列最优控制算法的控制效果最为显著且精确度更高;系统在实际测试中需考虑多方面因素影响,尽可能减小误差。

大部件装配中的MRE被动柔顺装置研究

随着我国航天制造领域智能化要求的不断提升,利用工业机器人实现大部件的柔顺辅助装配对实现航天器的智能制造具有重要意义。然而在进行大部件的高精度装配时,机器人易受限于本体性能而难以弥补物理上的机械设计误差。据此,基于磁流变弹性体(Magnetorheological Elastomer,MRE)设计了一种可变刚度的被动柔顺装置置于机器人末端,并对其进行了仿真及实验测试,结果表明,升高通入电流可提高装置刚度,且装置在1 A电流差下的位移差约为20%,适配柔顺辅助装配的不同过程。

磁流变变刚度变阻尼扭转振动仿人智能控制

有效的扭转刚度控制可以通过调节系统的固有特性和共振频率改善系统的扭转振动性能、恰当的扭转阻尼调节可以通过耗散扭转振动的能量来抑制扭转振动的幅值。针对扭转刚度和扭转阻尼对传动系统扭转振动的不同影响规律,提出一种基于混合田口遗传算法的磁流变(magneto-rheological,MR)传动系统变刚度变阻尼扭转振动仿人智能控制策略。首先根据所设计的磁流变扭转减振器建立了磁流变变刚度变阻尼传动系统动力学模型;基于混合田口遗传算法对磁流变传动系统扭转刚度和扭转阻尼控制参数的动态寻优结果,设计了一种兼顾时域和频域、具有分区协同、多模态多控制器的仿人智能控制器;随后进行了仿真分析和试验研究,结果表明,在较宽频段内,基于混合田口遗传算法的仿人智能控制均能有效抑制磁流变传动系统的扭转振动;当试验激励频率为3.5 Hz时,相对于被动传动系统和改进天棚控制系统,所提仿人智能控制分别将系统的峰值角位移和角速度减小44%、48%和14%、18%,其控制效果明显优于改进天棚控制,显著改善磁流变传动系统的输出特性。

基于互联与阻尼分配无源控制(IDA-PBC)的汽轮机调速系统控制器设计方法

为了保证新型电力系统下机组及系统的稳定性,提出一种针对汽轮机调速系统的互联与阻尼分配无源控制器设计方法。首先,以哈密顿系统理论为基础,对系统能量的动态过程进行描述,分析了哈密顿系统结构对系统能量的影响。然后,采用变量梯度法构建包含调速系统的系统能量函数,以注入能量的导数最小为约束条件确定了系统的阻尼矩阵,克服了互联与阻尼分配无源控制器设计过程中确定系统阻尼矩阵困难的问题,完成了汽轮发电机调速系统互联与阻尼分配无源控制器的设计。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建单机无穷大系统的模型,验证了本文设计控制器的有效性。

基于被动变阻尼变刚度装置组合隔震新体系性能化设计方法

被动变阻尼变刚度装置是一种无需外部能源输入和反馈控制的装置,具有变阻尼耗能和变刚度限位功能。当与隔震支座组合使用时,这种装置构成了一种新的隔震体系,能够有效控制不同类型和烈度大小的地震波。根据性能化设计理论,提出了针对组合隔震体系的设计方法,通过该方法可以完成隔震层中被动变阻尼变刚度装置和隔震支座的参数设计工作。研究还提供了完整的设计流程和详细的设计过程说明,并通过工程实例验证了设计方法的可行性和有效性。这种性能设计方法可以广泛应用于组合隔震新体系的工程设计领域,为相关工程提供了一种可靠的设计方法和技术支持。通过这种先进的设计方法,可使结构能够更好地应对地震带来的灾害,保障结构的安全性和稳定性。

Research on the evolution law of dynamic performance of CR400BF EMU train based on stochastic dynamics simulation

Purpose–This paper aims to obtain the evolution law of dynamic performance of CR400BF electric multiple unit(EMU).Design/methodology/approach–Using the dynamic simulation based on field test,stiffness of rotary arm nodes and damping coefficient of anti-hunting dampers were tested.Stiffness,damping coefficient,friction coefficient,track gauge were taken as random variables,the stochastic dynamics simulation method was constructed and applied to research the evolution law with running mileage of dynamic index of CR400BF EMU.Findings–The results showed that stiffness and damping coefficient subjected to normal distribution,the mean and variance were computed and the evolution law of stiffness and damping coefficient with running mileage was obtained.Originality/value–Firstly,based on the field test we found that stiffness of rotary arm nodes and damping coefficient of anti-hunting dampers subjected to normal distribution,and the evolution law of stiffness and damping coefficient with running mileage was proposed.Secondly stiffness,damping coefficient,friction coefficient,track gauge were taken as random variables,the stochastic dynamics simulation method was constructed and applied to the research to the evolution law with running mileage of dynamic index of CR400BF EMU.

磁流变惯容器设计与性能分析

为了提高传统磁流变阻尼器在低频域的减振性能,提出了一种新型磁流变惯容器,包括变阻尼单元和惯容单元两部分,由磁流变阀、液压马达与飞轮等组成。利用活塞杆与缸筒的相对运动,实现变阻尼单元内的磁流变液在磁流变阀内往复流动,通过调控线圈上电流大小改变输出阻尼的大小;同时,实现油液推动液压马达输出轴及飞轮转动,输出器件的惯容特性。为提高磁流变阀内置通道的磁场利用率,提出了磁路设计优化方法,采用有限元方法对磁流变阀内部磁场强度进行仿真。结合磁场仿真与理论分析,设计并试制了样机,搭建了器件性能平台进行测试。结果表明,所设计器件能够表现出惯容特性,具有良好的阻尼可控性。

向心式变摩擦阻尼器控制结构地震反应分析

介绍了向心式变摩擦阻尼器的原理及其基本力学性能，探讨了安装向心式变摩擦阻尼器结构在自由振动和强迫振动时的动力特性和动力反应特点，揭示了向心式变摩擦阻尼器引起结构抖振的机理，对安装向心式变摩擦阻尼器的结构的地震反应进行了分析，研究了向心式变摩擦阻尼器的参数对结构动力特性及地震反应的影响，给出了受控结构的非线性反应谱。

主—被动变刚度柔性单腿建模及能耗分析

为了改善传统刚性足式机器人运动高能耗问题,通过仿生学研究总结人类跑跳运动刚度与能效相关性,建立具有主—被动复合变刚度的串联柔性单腿数学模型,对减速器、柔性关节阻尼、功率流进行了详细描述;选定单腿模型主要参数并结合仿生学设计关节"三段式"被动变刚度特性,采用Hertz模型进行触地碰撞仿真,验证了具有被动变刚度特性的柔性单腿比定刚度柔性单腿具有更好的稳定性;通过对原地跳跃运动、支撑相水平运动两个过程的仿真计算,得出不同运动情况下腿部刚度与能耗的变化规律。研制了具有主—被动复合式变刚度柔性关节及基于该关节的单腿样机,联合NI-cRIO系统实验,验证了不同运动情况下合理调整刚度系数能够改善足式机器人能耗的结论,与仿生学研究相符。

风力发电系统机械传动机构动态模型研究

针对基于双馈感应发电机的变速风力发电机组轴系的特点,用等效集中质量法和动力学方程建立了机械传动机构动态的轴系模型,弥补了现有各种模型过于简化的不足。针对机械传动机构的动态模型,分别考虑了风机、发电机惯量及其传动轴系的阻尼系数与刚度系数对风力发电系统的瞬态性能影响,求出了机械传动机构动态轴系模型的自然振荡频率及其阻尼系数的解析表达式。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,最后利用实验室所建风力发电地面模拟实验平台,基于可变惯量风机模拟器,改变不同的风机惯量值,验证了风机惯量对系统瞬态性能的影响,实验结果有力地支持了理论分析与仿真结果。

基于半主动悬架侧倾力矩分配的侧向稳定性控制

鉴于利用阻尼可调半主动悬架进行侧倾力矩分配控制缺乏完善的理论依据,根据调节阻尼以实现变刚度变阻尼悬架的思路,将磁流变减振器(MRD)半主动悬架视为变刚度变阻尼的悬架系统,无需对结构进行修改。建立了整车转向和悬架综合非线性模型,采用二次非线性轮胎模型以构建转向和悬架的关联,以中性转向为控制目标设计了侧倾力矩分配系数ε的非线性控制器,同时设计了3个模糊控制器以控制车身姿态,并将ε和车身姿态控制相结合,通过解耦运算得到控制4个车轮处磁流变减振器的控制力。仿真结果证实了所提控制策略的有效性。进行侧倾力矩分配控制的MRD半主动悬架不仅实现了良好的操纵稳定性,同时也保持了较好的平顺性。

基于MRE的变刚度变阻尼减振器设计研究

针对磁流变弹性体材料的变刚度及变阻尼特性,将其成功应用于半主动控制减振器研究中。设计专用磁场发生夹具,制备了具有良好磁流变效应的磁流变弹性体材料,并对其力学性能参数进行测试;根据磁流变弹性体材料在挤压工作模式和剪切工作模式的特性,设计了刚度、阻尼均可变化的减振器,并利用有限元软件对该设计方案进行电磁场仿真分析;试制减振器原理样机,在INSTRON万能拉压试验机上,测试其在不同磁感应强度下的变刚度变阻尼特性。试验结果表明:在模拟半主动控制策略下其动刚度变化最大可达55.4%,阻尼变化可达214.3%,证明了该设计方案的可行性。

四足机器人液压驱动单元变刚度和变阻尼负载特性的模拟方法

基于机理建模方法建立了液压驱动单元位置控制系统数学模型,针对不同环境结构下负载刚度和负载阻尼的动态变化特性,把位置控制环作为控制器内环,推导了一种变刚度和变阻尼负载特性的模拟方法。建立了负载特性模拟方法的仿真模型,并在液压驱动单元性能测试平台上进行了模拟方法的实验测试,研究了斜坡阶跃负载力和正弦负载力下变刚度和变阻尼负载特性的模拟效果。研究结果表明:设计的模拟方法能够较好地模拟环境刚度参数变化、阻尼参数变化,以及刚度参数和阻尼参数同时变化时的负载特性。

结构主动变刚度控制中的若干问题

探讨了主动变刚度 (AVS)控制算法中地震信息预测和控制性能指标选择等问题 ,并通过算例研究了主动变刚度控制的效能和相关的影响因素 ,如结构阻尼、时滞以及主动变刚度控制元件布置等 .结果表明 :主动变刚度控制是一种易于工程应用的结构减震方法 ,通过合理措施 ,可达到经济。

变质量、变阻尼、变刚度结构系统的动力响应

本文首次提出了变质量、变阻尼、变刚度结构系统的动力响应问题,并根据抓斗卸船机的工作过程导出了结构系统的动力方程及解法。最后给出了工程实际算例。