Comparison of Small-Scale Actively and Passively Q-Switched Eye-Safe Intracavity Optical Parametric Oscillators at 1.57 μm

The first experimental comparison between the actively and passively Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillators (IOPOs) at 1.57μm driven by a small-scale diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser are thoroughly presented.It is found that the performances of the two types of IOPOs are complementary.The actively Q-switched IOPO features a shorter pulse duration,a higher peak power,and a superior power and pulse stability.However,in terms of compactness,operation threshold and conversion efficiency,passively Q-switched IOPOs are more attractive.It is further indicated that the passively Q-switched IOPO at 1.57 μm is a promising and cost-effective eye-safe laser source,especially at the low and moderate output levels.In addition,instructional improvement measures for the two types of IOPOs are also summarized.

Passively Q-switched diode-pumped Tm,Ho:LuVO4 laser with a black phosphorus saturable absorber

We presented a passively Q-switched(PQS) diode-pumped c-cut Tm, Ho:LuVO_4 laser with a black phosphorus saturable absorber for the first time.Under PQS mode, an average output power of 0.86 W and a peak power of 2.32 W were acquired from the Tm, Ho:LuVO4 laser with the pump power of 14.55 W, corresponding to a pulse width of 2.89 μs,a pulse repetition rate of 71.84 kHz, and a pulse energy of about 6.70 μJ.

Modelling of passively Q-switched lasers with intracavity Raman conversion

We present a model of passively Q-switched Raman lasers by utilizing the rate equations. The intracavity fun-damental photon density, Raman photon density and the initial population-inversion density of the gain medium are assumed to be of Gaussian spatial distributions. These rate equations are normalized by introducing some synthetic parameters and solved numerically, and a group of general curves are generated. Prom these curves we can understand the dependence of the Raman laser pulse characteristics on the parameters about the pumping, the gain medium, the Raman medium and the resonator. An illustrative calculation for a passively Q-switched Nd^3＋：GdVO4 self-Raman laser is presented to demonstrate the usage of the curves and related formulas.

Er^3+,Yb^3+:glass-Co^2+:MgAl2O4 diffusion bonded passively Q-switched laser

A Co^2＋：spinel passively Q-switched erbium-ytterbium-phosphate glass bonded laser pumped at 940 nm is reported.A pulse energy of 210 μJ, a peak power over 70 kW, and beam quality M-2 parameter of 1.2 are obtained under a pump power of 235 mW. An unbonded laser output experiment with the same dimension of the active material and the saturable absorber as the bonded laser output experiment is carried out. The reason why the output in the bonded laser is improved is determined.

Diode Pumped High Peak Power Quasi Q-Switched and Passively Q-Switched Nd:YVO₄Lasers at 1064 nm and 532 nm using Cr:YAG and KTP crystals

Diode end-pumped solid-state lasers have the potential to yield high quality laser beams with high efficiency for laser range finding and warning receiver applications as well as day and night military laser designation systems. In this paper we presents theoretical calculations using Advanced Dynamics Professional LASCAD software and experimental studies for a high power pigtailed fiber diode laser module of 8 W operating at 808 nm with a specially designed high efficiency cooling system, end pumped high-efficiency Nd:YVO4 laser of 3 × 3 × 10 mm rod and overall cavity length of 44 mm. To the best of our knowledge a self Q-switching effects was generated in Nd:YVO4 laser by changing the cavity dimensions and the position of the intracavity KTP crystal at certain regime of operation for the first time, in which the cavity length is reduced to be 30 mm and the distance between Nd:YVO4 rod and KTP crystal is only 1mm. Self Q-switched laser pulse at 532 nm with high peak power of 96 W, pulse width of 88 ns at FWHM and repetition rate of 400 kHz was achieved. Experimental studies of a passive Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser using Cr:YAG crystal with three different transmissions of 30%, 40% and 70% were investigated. Passive Q-switched laser pulse at 1064 nm and narrow line width of less than 1.5 nm with highest peak power of nearly 18 kW, short pulse width of less than 4 ns at FWHM and higher repetition rate of 45 kHz using Cr:YAG with transmission of 30% was achieved for the first time.

Passively Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on GeSe Saturable Absorber

GeSe nanosheets were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), and the nonlinear saturated absorption performance was experimentally studied. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the prepared GeSe saturable absorber (SA) were 15% and 1.44 MW/cm2, respectively. Using the saturated absorption characteristics of GeSe SA, a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser was systematically demonstrated. As the pump power increases, the pulse repetition frequency increases from 22.8 kHz to 77.59 kHz. The shortest pulse duration is 1.51 μs, and the corresponding pulse energy is 46.14 nJ. Experimental results show that GeSe nanosheets can be used as high-efficiency SA in fiber lasers. Our results will provide a useful reference for demonstrating pulsed fiber lasers based on GeSe equipment.

Recent Progresses on Passively Switched Mid-Infrared Fiber Lasers at 3 μm

We present the recent research progress of our group on mid-infrared pulsed fiber lasers at 3μm by passive switching. Three different kinds of saturable absorbers including semiconductor saturable absorber （SESAM）, Fe2＋：ZnSe crystal, topological insulator （TI） were used to perform the pulse generation, respectively. The temporal regimes of mode locking, Q-switching and Q-switching induced gain switching were gained. Some relative discussions and prospective efforts are proposed at the end of this paper.

Cr^(4+):YAG as a Passive Q-Switch in a Diode-Pumped cw Nd:YVO_(4) Laser

The performance of a passively Q-switched all-solid-state Nd:YVO_(4) laser using Cr^(4+):YAG as saturable absorber is reported.Optimum coupling operation at 1064nm resulted in 70ns pulses at 40kHz repetition rates with average output power of 2.1 W.A quantitative theoretical description agrees well with the experimental results.

A notion of passivity for switched systems with state-dependent switching

A passivity concept for switched systems with state-dependent switching is presented. Each subsystem has a storage function to describe the ＂energy＂ stored in the subsystem. The passivity property of a switched system is given in terms of multiple storage functions. Each storage function is allowed to grow on the ＂switched on＂ time sequence but the total growth is bounded by a certain function. Stability is inferred from passivity and asymptotic stability is achieved under further assumptions of a detectivity property of a local form and boundedness of the total change of some storage function on its inactive intervals. A state-dependent switching law that renders the system passive is also designed.

1514 nm eye-safe passively Q-switched self-optical parametric oscillator based on Nd3+-doped MgO:PPLN

We examined a 1514 nm eye-safe passively Q-switched self-optical parametric oscillator. The nonlinear crystal is an a-cut Nd:MgO:PPLN crystal, and the size of the crystal was 6 mm × 2 mm × 30 mm with 0.4 at.%Nd^3+ doped and a grating period of 29.8 μm. When the crystal absorbed 12.8 W, the output maximum singlepulse energy reached 39 μJ, and a pulse width of 6.1 ns at a repetition rate of 5.4 kHz was obtained.The peak power was 6 kW, giving a slope efficiency of 42%.

Passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser using a gold nanostars based saturable absorber

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser （EDFL） by using gold nanostars （GNSs） as a saturable absorber （SA） for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. In comparison with other gold nanomorphologies, GNSs have multiple localized surface plasmon resonances, which means that they can be used to construct wideband ultrafast pulse lasers. By inserting the GNS SA into an EDFL cavity pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, a stable passively Q-switched laser at 1564.5 nm was achieved for a threshold pump power of 40 mW. By gradually increasing the pump power from 40 to 120 mW, the pulse duration decreases from 12.8 to 5.3 its and the repetition rate increases from 10 to 17 kHz. Our results indicate that the GNSs are a promising SA for constructing pulse lasers.

Enhanced nonlinear optical response of layered WSe1.4Te0.6 alloy in 1 μm passively Q-switched laser

Due to the composition-dependent properties of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),alloying of existing dissimilar TMDs architecture is a novel and controllable route to tailor crystal structures with superior optical and optoelectronic properties.Here,we reported the hexagonal-phase WSe1.4Te0.6 alloy can enable great promise for enhanced saturable absorption response exceeding the parent component WSe2 and WTe2,with larger modulation depth and lower saturable intensity.These advantages allowed the 1064 nm passively Q-switched lasers based on WSe1.4Te0.6 to be more efficient,with pulse duration narrowed to 45%,and slope efficiency increased by 232%.Our findings highlighted the appropriate alloying of TMDs as an effective strategy for development of saturable absorbers.

Fabrication of narrow pulse passively Q-switched self-stimulated Raman laser with c-cut Nd:GdVO_4

Combining the self-stimulated Raman scattering technology and saturable absorber of Cr^(4+):YAG, a 1.17 μm c-cut Nd:GdVO_4 picosecond Q-switched laser is demonstrated in this paper. With an incident pump power of 10 W, the Q-switched laser with average power of 430 mW for 1.17 μm, pulse width of 270 ps, repetition rate of 13 kHz and the first order Stokes conversion efficiency of 4.3% is obtained. The Q-switched pulse width can be the narrowest in our research. In addition, the yellow laser at 0.58 μm is also achieved by using the LiB_3O_5 frequency doubling crystal.

主被动调Q-锁模Nd∶YAG激光器的实验研究

对脉冲氙灯泵浦的调Q-锁模Nd：YAG固体激光器进行了实验研究.比较和分析了声光主动锁模、Cr^4＋ ：YAG晶体被动调Q-锁模以及这两种机制联合锁模情况下Nd：YAG激光器的输出特性.在Cr^4＋ ：YAG晶体被动调Q-锁模时得到了深度80%以上的锁模输出,但是锁模不完全,且波形和能量稳定性低,脉宽为1.9～3.6 ns.而主被动联合锁模克服了这一缺点,可获得幅值和能量抖动小于±5%、锁模深度100%、脉宽小于650ps、能量近300mJ的超短脉冲输出.

LD泵浦被动调Q-Yb^(3+)∶YAG微晶片激光器的优化设计

从速率方程出发,理论分析了泵浦功率、输出镜反射率、Cr4+∶YAG的初始透过率和长度、Yb3+∶YAG的长度对调Q激光器的重复频率、脉冲宽度、平均输出功率、峰值功率、输出脉冲能量和单脉冲能量利用率的影响。依据理论结果设计了一个窄脉冲宽度、高峰值功率和脉冲能量的被动调Q-Yb3+∶YAG微晶片激光器。该激光器的脉冲宽度Δt=199 ps,峰值功率P m=1.04 MW,输出脉冲能量E=0.21 mJ。

High peak power laser-diode-pumped passively Q=switched Nd:YVO_4/Cr^(4+):YAG laser

In this paper, we report a high peak power passively Q-switched laser-diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO_4/Cr^(4+):YAG laser polarized along the C axis, generating 4.23-W average power and 18-kW peak power (144-μJ pulse power) with 8.0-ns time duration (29.4-kHz repetition rate) at 1064 nm while the pump power is 21.2 W.

New two chamber transfer switch for 6500 A commutation current

HVDC transfer switches are used in different locations in electrode lines of HVDC transmission systems for their reconfigurations. They have to carry and commutate currents to the overload currents of HVDC transmission systems, which increased to 6,400 A in the past years. Common designs of transfer switches use combinations of several switching units connected in series and parallel. This paper describes the design and development of a new DC commutation switch with two switching units only, but it is able to carry currents up to 10,000 A and has an actual tested commutation capability of 6,500 A.

基于器件复用的电流型软开关光伏全桥逆变器

提出了一种新颖的适用于分布式光伏的无源无损软开关全桥逆变器,用以减小逆变器高频开关的损耗。该电路保留了传统双降压全桥逆变器高效可靠的优点,在此基础上通过器件复用的方式,增加了无源无损吸收电路,并通过无源器件自身的谐振过程改善功率器件的开关状况实现软开关的功能,同时使无源无损吸收电路的能量得到有效转移,使得所提无源无损软开关全桥逆变器具有较高的可靠性。实验验证了所提无源无损吸收电路有效减小了开关损耗,提高了系统效率。

双波长LD泵浦Nd^(3+)∶YAG免温控被动调Q激光器的研究

传统的固体激光器体积、重量大,功耗高,限制了其在空间受限设备中的应用。被动调Q的LD泵浦免温控固体激光器省去了复杂的温度控制装置,调Q机构简单,能够满足复杂温度环境的特殊应用场景的小型化、低功耗要求。提出了基于双波长LD泵浦实现宽温度范围免温控阈值自适应的1.06μm激光脉冲输出方法。基于Nd∶YAG晶体设计了角锥棱镜谐振腔,仿真分析了LD泵浦源到激光棒的面心距对热负载的影响,并确定4 mm的最佳面心距。数值分析了相同泵浦功率下-40~60℃温度范围内激光静态能量输出变化,以及不同初始透过率的可饱和吸收体对激光阈值脉宽的影响。计算结果表明在-37℃~60℃范围内,阈值脉宽都在200μs以下,阈值脉宽最低点达到了29.4μs。构建主波实时探测的阈值自适应调节装置并搭建实验系统,实验结果表明,在温度范围为-35~60℃时,阈值脉宽变化范围为40~180μs。采用激光腔体一体加工成型,应用轻量化的铝合金材料,实现工程化应用,体积83.5 mm×44 mm×29.5 mm,重量约为230 g。在23.8%初始透过率的饱和吸收体条件下实现单脉冲输出能量42 mJ,脉冲宽度5.2 ns。

小型化微片阵列式被动调Q全固态激光器

本文针对无人机空中目标探测系统的空间限制,提出了一种多光束可分路扫描式被动调Q微片阵列全固态激光器的方案,采用六管芯半导体激光器阵列端面紧凑泵浦长条状的Nd:YAG/Cr^(4+):YAG键合晶体,在每一路1.6 W的泵浦功率下,产生了6路波长为1064.4 nm、脉冲宽度为2.4 ns、光束质量为1.39、峰值功率为3.75 kW、重复频率可达22 kHz的输出激光,整个系统的体积仅为2 cm×2 cm×1.5 cm,实现了6路激光同时输出。研究了调Q晶体的初始透过率和输出镜反射率对激光脉冲重复频率和峰值功率的影响机制,重点对泵浦源激光器管芯的出光一致性问题做了深入探讨,通过实验验证了使用一个激光键合晶体产生多路纳秒级窄脉冲激光束的可行性。研究结果以小型化结构实现了被动调Q全固态激光器的多光束出射,对实现激光探测系统光源的小型化和集成化有借鉴意义。