Analysis of Technical Intelligence of Tumor Cell Therapy Based on Patent Map

Objective To analyze the technical information in the field of tumor cell therapy in China,and to provide reference for identifying technical trends and predicting technical opportunities.Methods Based on the patent data in the field of tumor cell therapy in China,the patent map method was used to construct a scientific technical information analysis model.Then,the technical status of new drug research and development in this field was explored to identify technical opportunities.Results and Conclusion Studies have found that China’s tumor immunotherapy is in the growth stage.The technical innovation regions are mainly distributed in the east and innovative entities are enterprises.Technology hotspots are concentrated in areas such as A61P35,C12N5,and the patented technical efficacy is high.Besides,the technical research and development opportunities identified are closely related to the background in this field.To better promote the development of the industry,enterprises and research institutions should strengthen cooperation in technological innovation Meanwhile,they should pay attention to technical efficacy analysis to identify more technical opportunities,thereby effectively guiding innovation strategic decisions.

Analysis of Strategy for Extending Patent Protection of Rucaparib

As a knowledge-intensive and promising strategic emerging industry, the biomedical industry has high entry thresholds, large R&D investment, long cycle, high risk and high return. In all technical fields, the biomedical industry has the highest dependence on intellectual property rights, and the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights by domestic and foreign biomedical enterprises also runs through the whole process of drug research and development. Extending the patent protection period of drugs as well as forming and strengthening patent fortresses requires a patent network that surrounds drugs to maximize the value of intellectual property protection, which is also the focus of every pharmaceutical company with patent rights. By analyzing the patent portfolio of Clovis Oncology Company in the United States on Rucaparib and the patent portfolio of other companies or applicants on Rucaparib, we can have a clearer understanding of the strategy of extending the patent protection period of a new drug product.

Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas

Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19,and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication.Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021.Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature.Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan,a total of 136 documents were obtained,and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally.553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas,and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions.The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine.

Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Constipation:A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:To systematically review the efficacy and clinical safety of Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)(QZWT)in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C).Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of QZWT in patients with IBS-C were retrieved from Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),and Chinese Biological Medical Database(CBM)from inception to December 3,2022.Conventional meta-analysis with random-effects model or fixed-effects model and trial sequential analysis(TSA)were performed by Review Manager 5.4,Stata and TSA software.Results:A total of 4 RCTs and 368 patients with IBS-C were included in this study.The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that the cure and efficacy rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group[RR=2.19;(95%CI,1.35–3.55),P<0.01;RR=1.14;(95%CI,1.03–1.27),P<0.05],while the result of Bristol Score was negative.The funnel plot was probably symmetry,and the P value was>0.05 in the Egger test,which confirmed the nonexistence of significant publication bias in this outcome.TSA showed the cumulative z-value crossed the traditional threshold and TSA threshold,while it didn't get to the required information size.Finally,2 studies reported adverse events after QZWT treatment,including 3 cases of diarrhea.No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:QZWT was an effective and safe complementary therapy in the treatment of IBS-C with no obvious adverse reactions.TSA analysis confirmed our meta-analysis results.Therefore,QZWT may be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBS-C.However,due to the limited quality of current studies,more long-term,randomized,double-blinded clinical trials are needed in future studies.

Patent analysis provides insights into the history of cotton molecular breeding worldwide over the last 50 years

Cotton is a globally important natural fiber and oilseed crop of crucial economic significance. Molecular breeding has become a dominant method of cotton cultivation because it allows for a shorter breeding period and directional selection of high quality genes. Patent data are key resources and are the core competitiveness of agricultural development, as the world's largest and most reliable source of technical information. However, little attention has been paid to patent analysis of cotton molecular breeding. This study uses bibliometric analysis methodology and technical classification indexing to reveal global development trends of cotton molecular breeding, based on patents by retrieval methods and expert screening. The annual number of patents, the life-cycle of patent-based technology, patent portfolios of primary countries, and main patentees, as well as technical distribution of patents, were analyzed in this study. In addition, this study put emphasis on the comparative analysis of two important patentees through patent roadmaps based on the relationship among patent citations. Finally, in order to understand the trend of new molecular breeding technology, patents related to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR), RNA interference(RNAi), and gene chip were also analyzed, all of which apply to cotton but also to other crops. Results in this paper can provide references for cotton molecular breeding researchers and relevant management departments.

Forecasting promising technology using analysis of patent information:Focused on next generation mobile communications

In order to forecast promising technologies in the field of next generation mobile communication, various patent indicators were analyzed such as citation per patent, patent family information, patent share, increase rate, and patent activity. These indicators were quantified into several indexes and then integrated into an evaluation score to provide promising technologies. As a result of the suggested patent analysis, four technologies out of twenty two in details classification were selected, which showed outstanding technology competitiveness, high patent share and increasing rates as well as high recent-patent-ratios and triad-patent-family-ratios. Each of the selected technologies scored more than 10 points in total, and the following four technologies were suggested as promising ones in the field of next generation mobile communication: 1) 3GPP based mobile communication, 2) beyond 4G mobile communication, 3) IEEE 802.16 based mobile communication, which are in medium classification of broadband mobile communication system, and 4) testing/certification system of mobile communication, which is in medium classification of mobile communication testing/certification system.

Proposals to Promote the Development of Virtual Reality in China—Based on Patent Econometric Analysis

Virtual reality technology has great potential for development and application space. On the one hand, this paper makes use of the data of Derwent Patent Database to carry out statistical analysis of the information, and analyzes the basic situation of the patent of virtual reality technology. On the other hand, this paper uses the Citespace software to analyze and process the retrieval records, and then obtains the relation of intermediary center, frequency of occurrence, burst term and other related data. According to these data, it analyzes and forecasts the core technologies, cutting-edge and hot technologies of virtual reality, which makes the future development of virtual reality technology more clear. At the same time, combined with the current development of virtual reality, this paper makes recommendations for the future development of China’s virtual reality technology to promote the development of virtual reality industry in China.

The Analysis and Prospect of Development of Fresh Cut Flower Industry Based on the Patent Analysis

Cut flower industry is an important branch of floral industry, characterized by less occupation of lands, high output values per unit area and export capacity.Therefore, it enjoys promising economic profits and development potential. The research conducted relevant analysis on patents of cut flowers at home and abroad,including development trend, regional distribution, applicants, and technology classification. Besides, the research discussed status quo, characteristics, and development trend of cut flower industry, providing references for policy formulation for governments.

An SAO-based approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information: Case study—graphene sensors

Purpose: This paper introduces an approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information based on Subject-Action-Object(SAO) structures.Design/methodology/approach: First, SAO structures were extracted from patent documents and were cleaned. Second, several dimension-reduction techniques were used to generate technology topics. Then, the hierarchical relationships between technology topics were calculated based on patent clustering. Finally, technology evolution maps were drawn by adding a timeline.Findings: This approach can reveal technology evolution processes from multiple perspectives than other approaches.Research limitations: The semantic annotation of an SAO type is not very accurate and the semantic types of technology topics need to be enriched.Practical implications: The approach can be applied to draw technology evolution maps using different types of technology topics such as problem or solution.Originality/value: This approach offers an analytical dimension and more details than existing techniques, and it helps identify fundamental and emerging technologies more accurately and comprehensively.

Research on technology cluster evolution of global MEMS sensors based on patent co-occurrence analysis

At present, microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have gradually replaced traditional mechanical sensors and are applied to several fields. Many developed countries pay high attention to technological innovation of MEMS sensors, and have applied a large number of patents since 2000. In this study, the patents of MEMS sensor from 2000 to 2015 are researched, the patents data is collected from Derwent Innovation Index (DII), and the method of co-classification analysis is used to investigate the technology cluster evolution of MEMS sensors. Results show that the technology diffusion occurrs in each technical field and the technology relevance between different technical fields is changed over time. On the whole, the evolution process of MEMS sensor is the manufacture and material of sensor chip, the electronic components and measuring function, the computing and control technology, and applications to biochemical field and communication.

Patent foramen ovale closure reduces recurrent stroke risk in cryptogenic stroke:A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM To investigate if patent foramen ovale(PFO) closure device reduces the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke.METHODS We searched five databases-Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane,CINAHL and Web-of-Science and clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2017 for randomized trials comparing PFO closure to medical therapy in cryptogenic stroke.Heterogeneity was determined using Cochrane's Q statistics.Random effects model was used.RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials with 3440 patients were included in the analysis.Mean follow-up was 50 ± 20 mo.PFO closure was associated with a 41% reduction in incidence of recurrent strokes when compared to medical therapy alone in patients with cryptogenic stroke [risk ratio(RR): 0.59,95%CI: 0.40-0.87,P = 0.008].Atrial fibrillation was higher with device closure when compared to medical therapy alone(RR: 4.97,95%CI: 2.22-11.11,P < 0.001).There was no difference between the two groups with respect to all-cause mortality,major bleeding or adverse events.CONCLUSION PFO device closure in appropriately selected patients with moderate to severe right-to-left shunt and/or atrial septal aneurysm shows benefit with respect to recurrent strokes,particularly in younger patients.Further studies are essential to evaluate the impact of higher incidence of atrial fibrillation seen with the PFO closure device on long-term mortality and stroke rates.

Network-meta analysis of 9 kinds of patent Chinese medicine for nourishing qi and activating blood in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue oral Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris.Methods:the databases of EMBASE,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP were searched by computer,and the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of Yiqi Huoxue Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(CHD)was searched until December 2019.By using stata15.1 software,the total clinical effective rate,the improvement rate of ECG,the improvement rate of angina pectoris,the attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris were taken as the outcome indicators for network meta analysis and mapping.Results:51 RCTs were included,including 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine.The results of network meta analysis showed that:in terms of clinical total effective rate,the order was Shexiang Baoxin Pill(78.2%)>xueshuanxinming tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shengui Capsule>Tongxinluo capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Yangxin tablet>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Naoxintong capsule;the improvement of ECG was Tongmai Yangxin pill(85.2%)>Yangxin tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>Tongxinluo gum Capsule>Shengui Capsule>Naoxintong capsule;in order to reduce the frequency and duration of angina pectoris,they are conventional Naoxintong capsule(88.6%)>Shengui Capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>xueshuanxinmingpian>Tongxinluo capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule;Shexiang Baoxin Pill(66.9%)>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Tongxinluo capsule>xueshuanxinmingning capsule Tablet>Tongmai Yangxin pill.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of angina pectoris.Shexiang Baoxin Pill,Dengzhan Shengmai capsule and Tongmai Yangxin pill can be given priority.

Quantitative Characteristics of Patentable Applications in Japan： An Analysis Using Bibliographic Information of Application Documents

This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.

Patent portfolio analysis model based on legal status information

Purpose:This research proposes a patent portfolio analysis model based on the legal status information to chart out a competitive landscape in a particular field,enabling organizations to position themselves within the overall technology landscape.Design/methodology/approach:Three indicators were selected for the proposed model:Patent grant rate,valid patents rate and patent maintenance period.The model uses legal status information to perform a qualitative evaluation of relative values of the individual patents,countries or regions’ technological capabilities and competitiveness of patent applicants.The results are visualized by a four-quadrant bubble chart To test the effectiveness of the model,it is used to present a competitive landscape in the lithium ion battery field.Findings:The model can be used to evaluate the values of the individual patents,highlight countries or regions’ positions in the field,and rank the competitiveness of patent applicants in the field.Research limitations:The model currently takes into consideration only three legal status indicators.It is actually feasible to introduce more indicators such as the reason for invalid patents and the distribution of patent maintenance time and associate them with those in the proposed model.Practical implications:Analysis of legal status information in combination of patent application information can help an organization to spot gaps in its patent claim coverage,as well as evaluate patent quality and maintenance situation of its granted patents.The study results can be used to support technology assessment,technology innovation and intellectual property management.Originality/value:Prior studies attempted to assess patent quality or competitiveness by using either single patent legal status indicator or comparative analysis of the impacts of each indicator.However,they are insufficient in presenting the combined effects of the evaluation indicators.Using our model,it appears possible to get a more complete and objective picture of the current competitive situation.

Studies of world carbon fiber industry from a perspective of patent analysis

Patents are the manifestation of the industry R&D endeavor; therefore,World carbon fiber industry from the perspective of patent analysis is studied. Findings from the analysis show a continual increase of carbon fibers patents since 1969,and the growth rate began even faster after the year of 2005. Five countries( Japan,China,US,Germany and Korea) took dominant positions in global carbon fibers R&D,and the sum of patents applied in these five countries accounted for 80% of the total patents in the world. Corporations do play an active role in global carbon fibers R&D,and over 60% of patents were applied by corporations. Among them,the top 3 corporations were all from Japan,which had much more patents than the other patent assignees. Furthermore,most corporations were not active in cooperation with others,except Toyota Motor Corp. Global carbon fibers R&D focused on sheet manufacture cloth,core wire layer,heat connect provide and filter activated draw.And there is big difference between Japan and China in the R&D focus. China's corporations have exhibited rapid growth in the number of patent applications in recent years,but there is still a large gap between China and foreign countries in view of global patent layout and influence. By providing the insight into the evolution of global carbon fibers industrial and technological development through the perspective of patent analysis,this study hopes to provide an objective statistic reference for future policy directions and academic researches.

An Analysis of the Patents concerning Hevea brasiliensis

This paper mainly analyzes the application data of patents concerning Hevea brasiliensis in the world and China from the perspectives of time,research field,and the geographical distribution of applicants. It also interprets the patents for invention in China from time,research field,and types of applicants. Based on the study,it shows that although the patent applications fluctuate,the general trend is rising. And the patents are mostly concentrated in plant protection,and agricultural biotechnology. The Chinese applicants of patents for invention largely work in the research institutes,and most of these patents focus on the field of plant protection,agricultural biotechnology,and agro-processing.However,the foreign applicants mainly work in companies,and most of these patents only focus on plant protection. These findings will provide a reference for formulating development policies about natural rubber industry in China.

Studies of layout of world machine tools industry based on patent analysis

As the foundation of an industrialized country nowadays,machine tools industry is regarded as the engine of industrial development of a country.The developed countries,such as USA,Germany and Japan,have widely deployed the technology of using the patent in order to keep their strength in various fields.This research examins the CNC machine tools industry in the world by using the patent analysis method.It first gives an overview about the world patent application in CNC machine tools industry from 1963 to 2010 and divides the development of the industry into five stages.It also lists the patent application of the world top 20 countries,where the top 5 countries are compared.The patents of the world top 10 companies of machine tools manufacturers are mapped according to the international patent classification(IPC),and the future trends of world machine tools industry are discussed.Finally conclusions and suggestions are presented.

Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovale Closure versus Medical Therapy in Cryptogenic Stroke: An Update Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: Concerns regarding the real efficacy of transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure versus medical therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke remained unresolved. We performed a meta-analysis using the randomized controlled trials on the efficacy and safety of transcatheter PFO closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Methods: Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was recurrent stroke and transient-ischemic attack (TIA). Original data, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were abstracted to calculate a pooled effect size. Results: Our meta-analysis showed benefit with device closure when compared with medical therapy with an HR of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.39 - 0.74, P = 0.108) in the intention-to-treat cohort, 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 - 0.82, P = 0.103) in the per-protocol populations, and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.31 - 0.60, P = 0.019) in the as-treated populations. There was a significantly higher incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in PFO closure patients (OR = 4.53, 95% CI: 2.58 - 7.97, P = 0.094). PFO Patients with an atrial septal aneurysm benefit from device closure (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22 - 0.69, P = 0.053). Patients with a substantial PFO shunt benefit the greatest with device closure with a pooled OR of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.14 - 0.56, P = 0.525). Conclusions: The meta-analysis concluded that PFO closure was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrent stroke in PFO patients with cryptogenic stroke than with medical therapy alone. The benefit of PFO closure was greater in patients with a substantial shunt and atrial septal aneurysm. PFO closure was associated with higher rates of new-onset atrial fibrillation.

Analysis of Renewable Energy Research Hotspots and Trends Based on Bibliometric and Patent Survey

In recent years,renewable energy has taken on an increasingly important role as a result of the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the pressure of climate change.Due to the advantages of clean energy production and wide availability,research on renewable energy has increased worldwide.We collected data from the Web of Science and the Derwent Innovations Index to analyze research trends in the field of renewable energy.It was found that the number of research achievements in this field has developed rapidly worldwide since 2005.The United States ranks first in the quantity and quality of literature and fourth in the number of authorized patents.China ranks second and first regarding the quantity of literature and authorized patents,respectively.Biomass energy,wind energy,and solar energy are trending research topics in various stages of development.China has maintained close cooperation with the United States,the United Kingdom,Australia,and other countries.

Development Trend and Prediction of Stem Cell Technology in China from the Perspective of Patent

Objective To provide new ideas for the effective treatment of many serious diseases and to solve many major medical problems faced by mankind.Methods In this paper,the invention patents in the field of stem cells in China from 2010 to 2020 were taken as the research object,and the technology status quo in the field of stem cells was analyzed to predict the future development direction through quantitative analysis method.Results and Conclusion The development of stem cell technology in China is in a period of growth with great potential.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the ability of Chinese universities to combine production,education and research.Nowadays,the hotspots in stem cell technology are using culture medium to improve cell proliferation ability,production efficiency,and to induce differentiated cells.Meanwhile,the production efficiency of embryonic stem cells should be improved,and the immunomodulatory effect of embryonic stem cells can be exerted to screen drugs.Besides,the function of hematopoietic stem cells should be enhanced and apply mesenchymal cells in therapy.Since the potential technological gaps are the improvement of therapy,induced differentiation and efficiency of pluripotent stem cells,the improvement of progenitor cell proliferation and the control of cost,we should strengthen R&D investment in culture medium,embryonic stem cells and other technical fields,and achieve the purpose of reducing R&D costs and improving R&D efficiency.