Research on technology cluster evolution of global MEMS sensors based on patent co-occurrence analysis

At present, microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors have gradually replaced traditional mechanical sensors and are applied to several fields. Many developed countries pay high attention to technological innovation of MEMS sensors, and have applied a large number of patents since 2000. In this study, the patents of MEMS sensor from 2000 to 2015 are researched, the patents data is collected from Derwent Innovation Index (DII), and the method of co-classification analysis is used to investigate the technology cluster evolution of MEMS sensors. Results show that the technology diffusion occurrs in each technical field and the technology relevance between different technical fields is changed over time. On the whole, the evolution process of MEMS sensor is the manufacture and material of sensor chip, the electronic components and measuring function, the computing and control technology, and applications to biochemical field and communication.

Analysis of Technical Intelligence of Tumor Cell Therapy Based on Patent Map

Objective To analyze the technical information in the field of tumor cell therapy in China,and to provide reference for identifying technical trends and predicting technical opportunities.Methods Based on the patent data in the field of tumor cell therapy in China,the patent map method was used to construct a scientific technical information analysis model.Then,the technical status of new drug research and development in this field was explored to identify technical opportunities.Results and Conclusion Studies have found that China’s tumor immunotherapy is in the growth stage.The technical innovation regions are mainly distributed in the east and innovative entities are enterprises.Technology hotspots are concentrated in areas such as A61P35,C12N5,and the patented technical efficacy is high.Besides,the technical research and development opportunities identified are closely related to the background in this field.To better promote the development of the industry,enterprises and research institutions should strengthen cooperation in technological innovation Meanwhile,they should pay attention to technical efficacy analysis to identify more technical opportunities,thereby effectively guiding innovation strategic decisions.

Determining future high speed rail review topics through bibliometric analysis

As High Speed Rail(HSR)has proliferated globally,so has a related research field dedicated to exploring and addressing its unique issues.Yet,studies to understand and classify the HSR research domain are limited.This paper addresses the gap,using bibliometric analysis to identify future research areas and 20 candidate topics for literature review based on keyword analysis through VOSviewer.Article and review papers related to HSR published in the last 20 years(2003-2022)were retrieved from Scopus,and then analyzed to determine the split in knowledge between languages,the collaboration between countries and institutions,highly productive and cited journals,and research topics which have and have not been reviewed.Approximately 30%of the search results were published exclusively in Chinese,highlighting the importance of extending the evaluation to cover both languages.This is a novel aspect of the work,which has enabled the recognition of potential knowledge gaps.It is recommended that future reviews incorporate works in both languages,possibly through international collaboration.Institutions in China and other countries that are strong collaborators have been identified,as well as relevant,highly cited journals.

Analysis of Strategy for Extending Patent Protection of Rucaparib

As a knowledge-intensive and promising strategic emerging industry, the biomedical industry has high entry thresholds, large R&D investment, long cycle, high risk and high return. In all technical fields, the biomedical industry has the highest dependence on intellectual property rights, and the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights by domestic and foreign biomedical enterprises also runs through the whole process of drug research and development. Extending the patent protection period of drugs as well as forming and strengthening patent fortresses requires a patent network that surrounds drugs to maximize the value of intellectual property protection, which is also the focus of every pharmaceutical company with patent rights. By analyzing the patent portfolio of Clovis Oncology Company in the United States on Rucaparib and the patent portfolio of other companies or applicants on Rucaparib, we can have a clearer understanding of the strategy of extending the patent protection period of a new drug product.

Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas

Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19,and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication.Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021.Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature.Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan,a total of 136 documents were obtained,and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally.553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas,and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions.The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine.

Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Constipation:A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:To systematically review the efficacy and clinical safety of Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)(QZWT)in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C).Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of QZWT in patients with IBS-C were retrieved from Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),and Chinese Biological Medical Database(CBM)from inception to December 3,2022.Conventional meta-analysis with random-effects model or fixed-effects model and trial sequential analysis(TSA)were performed by Review Manager 5.4,Stata and TSA software.Results:A total of 4 RCTs and 368 patients with IBS-C were included in this study.The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that the cure and efficacy rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group[RR=2.19;(95%CI,1.35–3.55),P<0.01;RR=1.14;(95%CI,1.03–1.27),P<0.05],while the result of Bristol Score was negative.The funnel plot was probably symmetry,and the P value was>0.05 in the Egger test,which confirmed the nonexistence of significant publication bias in this outcome.TSA showed the cumulative z-value crossed the traditional threshold and TSA threshold,while it didn't get to the required information size.Finally,2 studies reported adverse events after QZWT treatment,including 3 cases of diarrhea.No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:QZWT was an effective and safe complementary therapy in the treatment of IBS-C with no obvious adverse reactions.TSA analysis confirmed our meta-analysis results.Therefore,QZWT may be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBS-C.However,due to the limited quality of current studies,more long-term,randomized,double-blinded clinical trials are needed in future studies.

A knowledge discovery method based on analysis of multiple co-occurrence relationships in collections of journal papers

Purpose: This paper explores a method of knowledge discovery by visualizing and analyzing co-occurrence relations among three or more entities in collections of journal articles.Design/methodology/approach: A variety of methods such as the model construction,system analysis and experiments are used. The author has improved Morris' crossmapping technique and developed a technique for directly describing,visualizing and analyzing co-occurrence relations among three or more entities in collections of journal articles.Findings: The visualization tools and the knowledge discovery method can efficiently reveal the multiple co-occurrence relations among three entities in collections of journal papers. It can reveal more and in-depth information than analyzing co-occurrence relations between two entities. Therefore,this method can be used for mapping knowledge domain that is manifested in association with the entities from multi-dimensional perspectives and in an all-round way.Research limitations: The technique could only be used to analyze co-occurrence relations of less than three entities at present.Practical implications: This research has expanded the study scope of co-occurrence analysis.The research result has provided a theoretical support for co-occurrence analysis.Originality/value: There has not been a systematic study on co-occurrence relations among multiple entities in collections of journal articles. This research defines multiple co-occurrence and the research scope,develops the visualization analysis tool and designs the analysis model of the knowledge discovery method.

The reflection of hierarchical cluster analysis of co-occurrence matrices in SPSS

Purpose： To discuss the problems arising from hierarchical cluster analysis of co-occurrence matrices in SPSS, and the corresponding solutions. Design/methodology/approach： We design different methods of using the SPSS hierarchical clustering module for co-occurrence matrices in order to compare these methods. We offer the correct syntax to deactivate the similarity algorithm for clustering analysis within the hierarchical clustering module of SPSS. Findings： When one inputs co-occurrence matrices into the data editor of the SPSS hierarchical clustering module without deactivating the embedded similarity algorithm, the program calculates similarity twice, and thus distorts and overestimates the degree of similarity. Practical implications： We offer the correct syntax to block the similarity algorithm for clustering analysis in the SPSS hierarchical clustering module in the case of co-occurrence matrices. This syntax enables researchers to avoid obtaining incorrect results. Originality/value： This paper presents a method of editing syntax to prevent the default use of a similarity algorithm for SPSS＇s hierarchical clustering module. This will help researchers, especially those from China, to properly implement the co-occurrence matrix when using SPSS for hierarchical cluster analysis, in order to provide more scientific and rational results.

Spatio-Temporal Variations in Co-Occurrence Patterns of Fish Communities in Haizhou Bay, China: Null Model Analysis

Co-occurrence pattern of fish species plays an important role in understanding the spatio-temporal structure and the stability of fish community.Species coexistence may vary with time and space.The co-occurrence patterns of fish species were examined using the C-score under fixed-fixed null model for fish communities in spring and autumn over different years in the Haizhou Bay,China.The results showed that fish assemblages in the whole bay had non-random patterns in spring and autumn over different years.However,the fish co-occurrence patterns were different for the northern and southern fish assemblages in spring and autumn.The northern fish assemblage showed structured pattern,whereas the southern assemblage were randomly assembled in spring.The co-occurrence patterns of fish communities were relatively stable over different years,and the number of significant species pairs in northern assemblage was more than that in the southern assemblage.Environmental heterogeneity played an important role in determining the distributions of fish species that formed significant species pairs,which might affect the co-occurrence patterns of northern and southern assemblages further in the Haizhou Bay.

Visual Exploration Research in the Field of Library and Information Based on Co-occurrence Analysis

Towards current modern society,our country’s library and information science is not only rapid development,but it also has won the favor of many researchers in more than a decade of development.Due to new technology elements and methods are widely used in the discipline of library and information science,cause society our country’s library and information science has entered a new stage with the development of information industry.This paper is based on the research theory of co-occurrence analysis,clustering co-occurrence analysis of references,social network co-occurrence analysis from researchers and research institutions of the field of library and information science,to have more precise and in depth research on the research focus of the library and information science,the authors themselves and the research institutions circumstances over the past few years.At the same time,the theory is used to analyze the effects and analysis of accurate data,to ensure that researchers can analyze the theory of library and information science for a long time.

Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis of Research on Innovation Ecosystem Studies

The aim of the paper is to identify and explore leading thematic areas within the research field related to innovation ecosystem.Based on data from the Web of Science database,the keywords frequency and its co-occurrence frequency pair were analyzed,and the theory of mapping knowledge domains was used to visualize the keywords co-occurrence network in innovation ecosystem to make further research of the heated issues.The findings indicate that the research scope involved in innovation ecosystem research is broad,and research content focus on micro and macro levels.According to the results of keywords co-occurrence analysis of different stages,innovation,network,knowledge,strategy,open innovation,value creation are the most important issues to innovation ecosystem research,given their position and role in the research network.The paper generates the added value mainly from the point of view of theory development.

Research on Subject Areas of Innovation Ecosystem: A Discipline Co-occurrence Analysis

Based on data from the Web of Science database,co-occurrence analysis and network visualization technique were conducted to explore the structure and patterns of interdisciplinary collaborations in innovation ecosystem research.This study presented the descriptive statistics of disciplines involved in relative research and interdisciplinary network over time.The results suggested that the scope of disciplines involved in innovation ecosystem research is broad and the distribution is unbalanced.Management and business are the core subject area while Regional&Urban Planning,Environmental Studies,and Environmental Sciences are playing key role in research and practices.

Patent analysis provides insights into the history of cotton molecular breeding worldwide over the last 50 years

Cotton is a globally important natural fiber and oilseed crop of crucial economic significance. Molecular breeding has become a dominant method of cotton cultivation because it allows for a shorter breeding period and directional selection of high quality genes. Patent data are key resources and are the core competitiveness of agricultural development, as the world's largest and most reliable source of technical information. However, little attention has been paid to patent analysis of cotton molecular breeding. This study uses bibliometric analysis methodology and technical classification indexing to reveal global development trends of cotton molecular breeding, based on patents by retrieval methods and expert screening. The annual number of patents, the life-cycle of patent-based technology, patent portfolios of primary countries, and main patentees, as well as technical distribution of patents, were analyzed in this study. In addition, this study put emphasis on the comparative analysis of two important patentees through patent roadmaps based on the relationship among patent citations. Finally, in order to understand the trend of new molecular breeding technology, patents related to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR), RNA interference(RNAi), and gene chip were also analyzed, all of which apply to cotton but also to other crops. Results in this paper can provide references for cotton molecular breeding researchers and relevant management departments.

Forecasting promising technology using analysis of patent information:Focused on next generation mobile communications

In order to forecast promising technologies in the field of next generation mobile communication, various patent indicators were analyzed such as citation per patent, patent family information, patent share, increase rate, and patent activity. These indicators were quantified into several indexes and then integrated into an evaluation score to provide promising technologies. As a result of the suggested patent analysis, four technologies out of twenty two in details classification were selected, which showed outstanding technology competitiveness, high patent share and increasing rates as well as high recent-patent-ratios and triad-patent-family-ratios. Each of the selected technologies scored more than 10 points in total, and the following four technologies were suggested as promising ones in the field of next generation mobile communication: 1) 3GPP based mobile communication, 2) beyond 4G mobile communication, 3) IEEE 802.16 based mobile communication, which are in medium classification of broadband mobile communication system, and 4) testing/certification system of mobile communication, which is in medium classification of mobile communication testing/certification system.

Proposals to Promote the Development of Virtual Reality in China—Based on Patent Econometric Analysis

Virtual reality technology has great potential for development and application space. On the one hand, this paper makes use of the data of Derwent Patent Database to carry out statistical analysis of the information, and analyzes the basic situation of the patent of virtual reality technology. On the other hand, this paper uses the Citespace software to analyze and process the retrieval records, and then obtains the relation of intermediary center, frequency of occurrence, burst term and other related data. According to these data, it analyzes and forecasts the core technologies, cutting-edge and hot technologies of virtual reality, which makes the future development of virtual reality technology more clear. At the same time, combined with the current development of virtual reality, this paper makes recommendations for the future development of China’s virtual reality technology to promote the development of virtual reality industry in China.

The Analysis and Prospect of Development of Fresh Cut Flower Industry Based on the Patent Analysis

Cut flower industry is an important branch of floral industry, characterized by less occupation of lands, high output values per unit area and export capacity.Therefore, it enjoys promising economic profits and development potential. The research conducted relevant analysis on patents of cut flowers at home and abroad,including development trend, regional distribution, applicants, and technology classification. Besides, the research discussed status quo, characteristics, and development trend of cut flower industry, providing references for policy formulation for governments.

An SAO-based approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information: Case study—graphene sensors

Purpose: This paper introduces an approach to technology evolution analysis using patent information based on Subject-Action-Object(SAO) structures.Design/methodology/approach: First, SAO structures were extracted from patent documents and were cleaned. Second, several dimension-reduction techniques were used to generate technology topics. Then, the hierarchical relationships between technology topics were calculated based on patent clustering. Finally, technology evolution maps were drawn by adding a timeline.Findings: This approach can reveal technology evolution processes from multiple perspectives than other approaches.Research limitations: The semantic annotation of an SAO type is not very accurate and the semantic types of technology topics need to be enriched.Practical implications: The approach can be applied to draw technology evolution maps using different types of technology topics such as problem or solution.Originality/value: This approach offers an analytical dimension and more details than existing techniques, and it helps identify fundamental and emerging technologies more accurately and comprehensively.

Patent foramen ovale closure reduces recurrent stroke risk in cryptogenic stroke:A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM To investigate if patent foramen ovale(PFO) closure device reduces the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke.METHODS We searched five databases-Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane,CINAHL and Web-of-Science and clinicaltrials.gov from January 2000 to September 2017 for randomized trials comparing PFO closure to medical therapy in cryptogenic stroke.Heterogeneity was determined using Cochrane's Q statistics.Random effects model was used.RESULTS Five randomized controlled trials with 3440 patients were included in the analysis.Mean follow-up was 50 ± 20 mo.PFO closure was associated with a 41% reduction in incidence of recurrent strokes when compared to medical therapy alone in patients with cryptogenic stroke [risk ratio(RR): 0.59,95%CI: 0.40-0.87,P = 0.008].Atrial fibrillation was higher with device closure when compared to medical therapy alone(RR: 4.97,95%CI: 2.22-11.11,P < 0.001).There was no difference between the two groups with respect to all-cause mortality,major bleeding or adverse events.CONCLUSION PFO device closure in appropriately selected patients with moderate to severe right-to-left shunt and/or atrial septal aneurysm shows benefit with respect to recurrent strokes,particularly in younger patients.Further studies are essential to evaluate the impact of higher incidence of atrial fibrillation seen with the PFO closure device on long-term mortality and stroke rates.

Network-meta analysis of 9 kinds of patent Chinese medicine for nourishing qi and activating blood in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue oral Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris.Methods:the databases of EMBASE,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP were searched by computer,and the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of Yiqi Huoxue Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(CHD)was searched until December 2019.By using stata15.1 software,the total clinical effective rate,the improvement rate of ECG,the improvement rate of angina pectoris,the attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris were taken as the outcome indicators for network meta analysis and mapping.Results:51 RCTs were included,including 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine.The results of network meta analysis showed that:in terms of clinical total effective rate,the order was Shexiang Baoxin Pill(78.2%)>xueshuanxinming tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shengui Capsule>Tongxinluo capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Yangxin tablet>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Naoxintong capsule;the improvement of ECG was Tongmai Yangxin pill(85.2%)>Yangxin tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>Tongxinluo gum Capsule>Shengui Capsule>Naoxintong capsule;in order to reduce the frequency and duration of angina pectoris,they are conventional Naoxintong capsule(88.6%)>Shengui Capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>xueshuanxinmingpian>Tongxinluo capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule;Shexiang Baoxin Pill(66.9%)>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Tongxinluo capsule>xueshuanxinmingning capsule Tablet>Tongmai Yangxin pill.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of angina pectoris.Shexiang Baoxin Pill,Dengzhan Shengmai capsule and Tongmai Yangxin pill can be given priority.

Quantitative Characteristics of Patentable Applications in Japan： An Analysis Using Bibliographic Information of Application Documents

This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.