ZTE Achieves Second Place in World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Table

March 18, 2014-ZTE Corporation achieved second place in the World Intellectual Pro ble of patent applicants, strengthening the company＇ s position as one of the world＇ s leading With 2309 filings under the Patent Cooperation Treaty （PCT）, ZTE was second only to ZTE ranked number one. perty Organization＇s annual ta- technology innovators. Panasonic. In 2011 and 2012,

Patents and intellectual property in orthopaedics and arthroplasty

The provision of musculoskeletal services comes at a cost.This is,in part,due to the expense of patent-protected orthopaedic implants.However,patents have a finite lifespan.Patents of the most successful implants are now beginning to expire.They will be exposed to competition from generic but equivalent implants.The net effect is potentially a dramatic diminution in cost.One company,Orthimo,has taken advantage of this and begun manufacturing generic implants with identical design specifications to the most bio-durable hip prostheses.This will ultimately have a radical impact upon musculoskeletal healthcare provision with regard to cost and accessibility.The expiration of drug patents,with the subsequent use of generic drugs saves£7.1 billion annually in the United Kingdom and$254 billion in the USA.Estimates suggest the introduction of equivalent implants could result in an annual cost saving to the United Kingdom National Health Service of£120 million.Intellectual property remains an enigmatic area of law.It encompasses anodyne principles that seek to protect innovation but are open to manipulation and exploitation.The last decade has seen the emergence of undesirable practices in the medical industry such as"patent trolling".Here we explore patents and their repercussions for musculoskeletal care.

Implementation of Standardization and Intellectual Property Strategy

Inclusion of intellectual property in standards brings importantchanges to the global competition model.Based on the furious international circumstances,Outline of the National Intellectual Property Strategy was published in2008,indicating the strategic direction of intellectual property involved in standards.This article analyzes relative items from innovation and standard strategy implemen-tation aspects,and makes some suggestions.

An Analysis and Comments on the First IT Intellectual Property Right Case in China

The Netac Technology Co., Ltd brought suit against Beijing Huaqi Information Digital Technology Co., Ltd for infringing Netac＇s patent. This case was the preclude to the intellectual property rights （IPR） war of the internal enterprises. The process of this case was followed with great interest because it would influence the development of the hundreds of Mobile Storage enterprises in China. This paper is based on the brief review of the details of the case, the authors analyze the main legal issues covered by this case from the two aspects of the substantive and the procedural law, and reach the conclusions that the IPR strategy has gradually become the key to the IT enterprises in their intense market competition and that the concerned laws and regulations in China should be rectified and improved accordingly.

A survey on security analysis of machine learning-oriented hardware and software intellectual property

Intellectual Property(IP)includes ideas,innovations,methodologies,works of authorship(viz.,literary and artistic works),emblems,brands,images,etc.This property is intangible since it is pertinent to the human intellect.Therefore,IP entities are indisputably vulnerable to infringements and modifications without the owner’s consent.IP protection regulations have been deployed and are still in practice,including patents,copyrights,contracts,trademarks,trade secrets,etc.,to address these challenges.Unfortunately,these protections are insufficient to keep IP entities from being changed or stolen without permission.As for this,some IPs require hardware IP protection mechanisms,and others require software IP protection techniques.To secure these IPs,researchers have explored the domain of Intellectual Property Protection(IPP)using different approaches.In this paper,we discuss the existing IP rights and concurrent breakthroughs in the field of IPP research;provide discussions on hardware IP and software IP attacks and defense techniques;summarize different applications of IP protection;and lastly,identify the challenges and future research prospects in hardware and software IP security.

Patentics专利智能检索系统与中国国家知识产权局网比较研究

详细介绍Patentics专利智能检索系统和中国国家知识产权局网两个国内专利检索网站的专利检索情况,并对二者进行综合分析比较。

AVS Intellectual Property Rights （IPR） Policy

The AVS Workgroup has developed an IPR Policy to facilitate the adoption of standards in the marketplace The policy is based on consideration of IPR issues in parallel with the technical work for drafting the standard. The paper describes the relationship between IPR and the standard, and how the goals for the standard must be complemented by goals for the IPR. The existing IPR policies of the ITU and ISO are outlined, and then the AVS IPR policy is described, organized by its three main components： commitment to license on declared basic terms, disclosure of intellectual property, and protection of IPR.

Quantitative Characteristics of Patentable Applications in Japan： An Analysis Using Bibliographic Information of Application Documents

This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.

Patent Activity of Start-Ups and the Structuring of Venture Lending Contracts

This paper empirically examines the effect of patents on capital costs in venture lending contracts. Based on a proprietary dataset entailing 119 venture lending contracts issued by a European venture lending fund between 2002 and 2009 in Europe, the United States, and Israel, we conduct the first quantitative empirical analysis on venture lending as an innovative form of financing for entrepreneurial fLrrns. Our results show that the presence of at least one granted or pending patent negatively influences direct （credit spread） and indirect （warrant coverage） costs of venture lending contracts. Thus, the presence of patents conveys information and is a signal of quality to the payoff distribution of the venture loans. Furthermore, we show that the company development stage negatively influences the relation between patents and capital costs, i.e., in later stages, patents seem to represent a less relevant quality signal than in earlier stages.

高校专利转化主体要素剖析及路径优化

基于专利代理、成果转化、专利情报分析等实践经验,重点分析高校专利转化的五大影响要素,深入研究教师、高校、企业三大主体与五大影响要素之间的作用机理,并探索提出优化高校专利转化路径的具体策略:推进科技创新,强化教师知识产权意识;加强政策引导,提升高校管理服务水平;精准技术需求,发掘企业专利应用空间。

生成式人工智能的专利法律问题思考

生成式人工智能在发明人主体资格、其生成物的可专利性及审查条件、权利归属、责任承担等方面对传统专利法律制度提出了挑战。生成式人工智能算法与其生成物的区分是讨论生成式人工智能专利法律问题的前提,发明人主体资格并不影响生成物中的技术方案作为专利法的保护客体。在审查条件方面,可以适当地采用综合对比原则以确保新颖性审查的准确性,调整“本领域技术人员”的拟制以提高创造性的审查标准,同时要坚持实用性的审查标准。在权利归属方面,经人工干预的发明,其专利权应当归属于发明人;未经人工干预的发明,应当参照适用职务发明和委托发明制度来确定其权利归属。在侵权责任方面,由于人工智能本身无法承担责任,应当将侵权责任分配至其背后的相关主体。

基于TOE框架的企业创新质量提升路径研究——专利战略化申请视角的分析

创新质量的提升对中国企业来说是实现效益可持续增长和保持竞争力的重要手段。近年来,我国在知识产权保护方面取得了巨大进步,在专利数量与质量层面均呈现出显著的提升趋势。在此背景下,国内企业申请专利的动机不再仅限于技术知识保护的单一目标,还包含了开拓国际市场、建立声誉和增加谈判筹码等。因此,我国企业以多动机并存的方式进行专利布局,而多元化的专利战略化申请动机对企业创新活动与结果产生了异质性影响。以中国医疗制造型上市企业为研究对象,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA),基于技术—组织—环境(TOE)框架,探讨技术(发明专利战略化申请动机)、组织(企业技术知识基础广度与深度)和外部环境(政府经费支持与区域知识产权保护)对企业创新质量的多元影响路径。研究发现:①企业发明专利战略化申请动机、技术知识基础特性以及外部环境之间存在联动匹配的多重并发因果关系,引致企业高创新质量与非高创新质量的组态结果呈现出因果非对称性关系;②引致企业高创新质量的组态路径有技术与组织协同型(P1)及技术—组织—环境耦合型(P2、P3)共3条,以及发明专利战略化申请的阻挡动机与国际市场开拓动机是引致企业高创新质量的关键要素;③企业高创新质量背后涉及多种因素的协同作用,通过多种组合以“殊途同归”的方式提升企业的创新质量。研究结论为企业在不同外部环境与内部知识资源的条件下,根据不同发明专利战略化申请动机,更好地利用知识产权保护以实现创新质量提升提供了理论指导与管理启示。

NASA技术转移中的知识产权管理及对公共研究机构的启示

聚焦公共研究机构的知识产权管理问题,以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)为研究对象,对其成熟的技术转移体系背后的国家法律支持以及知识产权管理政策和规范进行分析,重点关注其机构知识产权所有权归属、技术转移机制/流程和内部技术转移机构设置、角色和职责设计、技术许可商业化流程及技术转移的收益分配和奖励。公共研究机构可以从NASA成功的经验中获得如下启示:在遵循国家法律政策的基础上,完善知识产权所有权归属和使用权的相关规定,探索新的举措;建立更规范且操作性强的技术转移业务流程,针对技术批露、知识产权申请预评估与申请决策、技术商业化决策等管理关键环节构建有效管理机制;从业务流程出发建立更清晰的部门和岗位职责设置,重视专业人才队伍培养和引进;从建立知识产权管理平台、完善利益分配和奖励制度等角度构建科学的知识产权管理政策体系,以促进技术转移活动的开展。

对高质量专利管理工作的思考——以河北省农林科学院为例

高质量专利是衡量高校、科研院所科技创新实力的一项重要参考指标。文章以河北省农林科学院为例,介绍了河北省农林科学院高质量专利管理工作的相关做法,分析了专利管理工作中存在的问题,并针对问题从加强立项过程管理、注重建立引导性政策、打造专业团队等方面提出了加强高质量专利产出的对策和建议,以期为省级农业科研院所的高质量专利管理工作提供参考。

新时代我国产业知识产权信息服务现状问题及服务内容创新研究

本文对我国产业知识产权信息服务现状展开综览式调查,总结现有服务中的优势和缺点,对不足之处产生的原因进行溯源分析,并面向产业发展全链条中六类不同的服务对象群体进行了有关服务需求的深度访问。在研究结果的基础上对我国产业知识产权信息服务内容创新提出建议:以用户需求为导向,将专利信息分析业务、专利运营业务、专利数据库等功能进行整合,打造产业知识产权信息一站式服务模式,通过创新服务内容及定制个性化服务清单来实现服务提质增效,同时集合高端人才,以产业智库的形式对服务进行人才反哺。

铁铬液流电池专利技术分析

从专利角度梳理了铁铬液流电池专利申请趋势、技术输出国和目标市场分布、主要申请人、发明人、技术改进热点分布以及关键材料研究进展。结果表明,近年来全球铁铬液流电池相关专利申请量保持稳定增长,中国申请量近五年增长迅速。中国、日本和美国是主要的专利技术输出国和目标市场,全球主要申请人、近五年活跃申请人和发明人也主要集中在上述国家,其中住友电气株式会社和中国科学院大连化学物理研究所相关专利申请量最大。电极材料、电解液和离子交换膜这些关键材料是技术改进的热点。电极材料方面,主要改进技术手段包括碳基材料的优选,对碳基材料采用氧化法、表面催化剂法进行表面修饰改性,或者开发新型电极材料;电解液方面,主要通过电解液体系的优化,在电解液中加入添加剂,或者将铬离子与络合剂形成络合物进行技术改进;离子交换膜的改进,则主要通过特定结构树脂的选择,在树脂中加入添加剂,采用多层复合结构膜或者优化制备方法实现。

医药领域知识产权诉讼举证的研究

药品的专利保护问题是医药领域知识产权保护的一项重要内容,一直备受关注。探讨医药领域知识产权诉讼举证的问题具有重要意义。举证是医药领域专利诉讼中的关键因素。本文从普适性的诉讼举证规则出发,陈述由原告和被告承担的举证内容,步步深入,探讨涉及医药领域方法类专利的举证责任倒置问题,分析其中的关键措施或方法。归结认为举证规则的运用及其运用是否得当与医药专利能否获得保护以及是否得到最充分的保护这一结果密切相关。

知识产权信息分析在科技成果评价中的应用

为了解决现有科技成果评价机制中缺少知识产权信息的支撑,提高科技成果在经济活动中的价值辨识度,降低其在转移转化中发生知识产权侵权风险,文章以评价《河西走廊戈壁农业设施蔬菜绿色生产技术》(以下简称“设施蔬菜”)为例,采用专利信息检索结合情报分析的方法,通过在评价流程中增加知识产权分析评议环节、在科技成果评价指标体系中补充知识产权指标、调整指标权重,建立基于知识产权信息分析的科技成果评价体系,并通过该案例对评价效能进行了验证,探索了需求指引下第三方科技成果评价机构推进评价工作的新方式,为推动知识产权公共服务提供实践经验。

创新生态系统视角下产业知识产权联盟运行机制研究

产业知识产权联盟是专利协同运用的重要载体,是整合产业资源、巩固市场、提升竞争力的重要途径。当前产业知识产权联盟在政府支持和企业积极参与的双重作用下发展迅速,但存在着政府定位与协同创新体系融合度不够、内聚利益冲突、排斥知识溢出效应、合作经济性矛盾突出等问题,较为严重地制约了产业知识产权联盟的效能发挥。从创新生态系统理论模型出发,应当将产业知识产权联盟运行机制具体分为外部机制中的政府引导企业主导机制,内部机制中的利益分配机制、知识共享机制、项目合作机制。从联盟运行实践出发,应当构建“管理保障+组织运营+平台共享+专利池共建”产业知识产权联盟运行新机制。

知识产权国际平行诉讼禁诉令的适用:理念与方略

禁诉令在知识产权案件尤其是标准必要专利纠纷中频频出现,催生了全球禁诉令大战。禁诉令制度与涉外司法中管辖权的争夺是相伴相生的,客观上对于恰当解决国际平行诉讼冲突,维护司法主权,以及作为体现一定导向性的公共政策,都具有积极的意义。我国当前立法缺乏关于禁诉令的直接规定,法院在数起知识产权诉讼案件中能动地扩张解释和适用行为保全规定,取得了一定的效果,但也面临着质疑。站在国家利益的高度来看,未来我国法院在涉及禁诉令的案件时,应从诉源治理的理念出发,树立慎用的态度,严格审查路径、限定适用范围,充分尊重国际礼让原则,充分发挥我国司法制度中重视调解的特色和优势,为禁诉令国际难题提供中国式的解决方案。