Inhibition of hepatitis B virus via selective apoptosis modulation by Chinese patent medicine Liuweiwuling Tablet

BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.

Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy:A network meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia(IDA)is a prevalent nutritional disorder during pregnancy.Clinical studies indicate that incorporating Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)with oral iron(OI)in treating IDA in pregnancy can reduce adverse effects and improve clinical outcomes.Nonetheless,the comparative efficacy of different CPMs remains unclear.AIM To assess the safety and effectiveness of different CPMs for treating IDA during pregnancy using network meta-analysis.METHODS We conducted a search for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that combined CPM and OI for IDA treatment in pregnancy,spanning from 2013 to the present.Data analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata 14.0 on literature that satisfied the quality criteria.RESULTS The analysis included 45 RCTs,encompassing 4422 pregnant patients with IDA.Six CPMs were examined,including Shengxuebao Mixture,Shengxuening Tablets(SXN),Yiqi Weixue CPMs(YQWX),Jianpi Shengxue CPMs(JPSX),Yiqi Buxue Tablets,and Compound Hongyi Buxue Oral Liquid(FFHY).Findings indicated that FFHY+OI significantly improved the clinical effective rate.SXN+OI was most effective in boosting red blood cells counts and hemoglobin levels.YQWX+OI showed superior results in improving serum ferritin,and SXN+OI was most effective in increasing serum iron levels.JPSX+OI was optimal in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes,while YQBX+OI effectively minimized adverse events.A cluster analysis suggested that SXN+OI could be the potentially optimal therapeutic regimen for IDA in pregnancy.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the combination of OI with CPMs offers better outcomes than OI alone.Based on clinical efficacy and other measured outcomes,SXN+OI emerges as the most effective treatment modality for improving the health of pregnant patients with IDA.

Effectiveness and safety of seven oral Chinese patent medicines as adjuvant therapy for cancer-related anemia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of seven oral Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)as adjuvant therapy for cancer-related anemia(CRA)by network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:A literature search to obtain randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of seven oral CPMs in the adjuvant treatment of CRA was conducted in multiple databases from the inception to April 2022.The RevMan5.3 and R 4.1.1 software were used for NMA.Results:We ultimately included 29 RCTs with 2140 patients.Traditional meta-analysis showed that Fufang E'jiao syrup(FFEJS),Shengxuebao mixture(SXBM),Shengxuening tablets(SXNT),Jianpi Shengxue granules(JPSXG),and Yixuesheng capsule(YXSC)combined with basic Western treatment(BWT)could improve the hemoglobin(HGB)level.JPSXG combined with BWT could improve the red blood cell(RBC).FFEJS combined with BWT improved the Karnofsky performance status(KPS).NMA showed that FFEJS,JPSXG,SXBM,and SXNT plus BWT improved HGB better than Shengxue tablets(SXT)plus BWT,with top three ranking results being JPSXG plus BWT>SXNT plus BWT>FFEJS plus BWT.FFEJS plus BWT,JPSXG plus BWT,SXBM plus BWT,SXNT plus BWT,and SXT plus BWT improved RBC better than BWT,with top three ranking results being SXNT plus BWT>JPSXG plus BWT>FFEJS plus BWT.In terms of the KPS score,compared with SXT plus BWT,FFEJS,JPSXG,SXBM,SXNT,and Yizhong Shengxue capsule(YZSXC)plus BWT had higher KPS,with top three ranking results being SXBM plus BWT>JPSXG plus BWT>FFEJS plus BWT.Conclusions:Our NMA demonstrated that seven oral CPMs used as adjuvant treatment of CRA had a definite clinical effect.JPSXG not only increases the levels of HGB and RBC to enhance the clinical effect but also improves patients'quality of life.More accurate conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality RCTs.

Efficacy and safety of oral Chinese patent medicine combined with sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure:A Metaanalysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral Chinese patent medicine combined with sacubitril/valsartan in treating chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:CNKI,CSPD,CCD,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library and EMbase were retrieved to screen out randomized controlled trials Chinese patent medicine and Western medicine in treating CHF.Manual retrieval was also applied as a supplement.The Cochrane Reviewers Handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the bias risk of the included studies and RevMan 5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 1301 patients enrolled in the 13 RCTs were included.According to the results of Meta-analysis,a combination of oral Chinese patent medicine and sacubitril/valsartan could further improve total effectiveness rate(RR=1.23,95%CI[1.16,1.30],P<0.001),increase 6 minutes’walk distance(MD=53.04,95%CI[33.43,72.64],P<0.001),improve left ventricular ejection fraction(MD=6.67,95%CI[5.15,8.19],P<0.001)and stroke volume(MD=7.56,95%CI[3.94,11.18],P<0.001),reduce left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(MD=-3.68,95%CI[-4.57,-2.78],P<0.001)and N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide(MD=-434.08,95%CI[-518.95,-349.22],P<0.001)and no statistically significant difference in drug safety was found between the sacubitril/valsartan-only group and the combined treatment group(RR=0.73,95%CI[0.32,1.65],P=0.45).Conclusion:It’s indicated that a combination of traditional Chinese patent medicine and sacubitril/valsartan had a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of CHF,which had certain guiding significance for clinical practice.

A Review of Studies about Mongolian Patent Medicine Huhegaridi-9 (Qinggan Jiuwei Pills)

It has been applied for many diseases such as plague fever, cold cough, sore throat and so on. In order to better study Huhegaridi-9, this paper started from the production process of Mongolian Patent Medicine Huhegaridi-9. It analyzed and discussed the clinical application, chemical components and pharmacological research of Huhegaridi-9. It is expected to provide a reference for relevant researchers and workers.

Efficacy and Safety of Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)in Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Constipation:A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective:To systematically review the efficacy and clinical safety of Qizhi Weitong Granules(气滞胃痛颗粒)(QZWT)in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation(IBS-C).Methods:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of QZWT in patients with IBS-C were retrieved from Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),and Chinese Biological Medical Database(CBM)from inception to December 3,2022.Conventional meta-analysis with random-effects model or fixed-effects model and trial sequential analysis(TSA)were performed by Review Manager 5.4,Stata and TSA software.Results:A total of 4 RCTs and 368 patients with IBS-C were included in this study.The findings of the meta-analysis indicated that the cure and efficacy rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group[RR=2.19;(95%CI,1.35–3.55),P<0.01;RR=1.14;(95%CI,1.03–1.27),P<0.05],while the result of Bristol Score was negative.The funnel plot was probably symmetry,and the P value was>0.05 in the Egger test,which confirmed the nonexistence of significant publication bias in this outcome.TSA showed the cumulative z-value crossed the traditional threshold and TSA threshold,while it didn't get to the required information size.Finally,2 studies reported adverse events after QZWT treatment,including 3 cases of diarrhea.No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:QZWT was an effective and safe complementary therapy in the treatment of IBS-C with no obvious adverse reactions.TSA analysis confirmed our meta-analysis results.Therefore,QZWT may be a potential candidate for the treatment of IBS-C.However,due to the limited quality of current studies,more long-term,randomized,double-blinded clinical trials are needed in future studies.

Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas

Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19,and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication.Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021.Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature.Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan,a total of 136 documents were obtained,and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally.553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas,and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions.The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine.

Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis missed by a radiologist at initial diagnosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis(IMP)is a rare type of ischemic colitis characterized by thickening of the wall of the right hemicolon and calcification,sclerosis,and fibrosis of mesenteric veins.The diagnosis of IMP is based on typical clinical features and imaging findings.We report a case of IMP that was initially missed by the radiologist.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to chronic diarrhea for over 2 months.She had been consuming Chinese patent medicines(CPM)containing fructus gardeniae for more than 15 years.Colonoscopy revealed an edematous mucosa,bluish-purple discoloration,erosions,and ulcerations throughout the colorectal area.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)showed diffuse mural thickening of the entire colorectum,with tortuous thread-like calcifications in the right hemicolon,left hemicolon,and rectum.Most of the calcifications were located in the mesenteric vein.The diagnosis of IMP was established based on medical history,colonoscopy,CT findings,and histopathological examination.The patient was treated conservatively with papaverine and rifaximin,and CPM was stopped.Her diarrhea symptoms improved,indicating the effectiveness of the treatment.Over the next several years,she took opium alkaloids for an extended period and did not require hospitalization for the aforementioned gastrointestinal disorder.CONCLUSION IMP is a rare gastrointestinal disease affecting Asian populations,possibly related to long-term herbal medicine intake.Accurate imaging analysis is crucial for diagnosis,but insufficient understanding of the disease can lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.Treatment strategies should be personalized.

Efficacy and safety of Yangxue Qingnao Granules in treatment of migraine:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Yangxue Qingnao Granules(YXQN)is a Chinese patent medicine that has been commonly used in the clinical treatment of migraine.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of YXQN alone for the treatment of migraine.METHODS We searched 10 databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published before September 2022.Two review authors independently searched and screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using criteria from ROB 2.0,and analyzed the data using Review Manager 5.4 software.RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs including 767 participants with migraine met the selection criteria.We divided these studies into comparisons of YXQN with placebo,routine treatment drugs,and other Chinese patent medicines.The meta-analysis showed the following:(1)Efficacy:The YXQN group outperformed the placebo group[relative risk(RR)=0.29,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.15–0.43,P<0.00001],routine treatment group(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.09–0.27,P<0.0001),and Chinese patent medicine group(RR=0.27,95%CI:0.13–0.41,P<0.001);(2)frequency of headache:There was a significant difference between YXQN vs placebo[mean difference(MD)=-1.25,95%CI:-1.60 to-0.90,P<0.00001],routine treatment drugs(MD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.56,P<0.00001),and Chinese patent medicine(MD=-0.91,95%CI:-1.35 to-0.46,P<0.0001);(3)headache duration:We found great heterogeneity between studies,with no differences between YXQN and placebo(MD=-0.61,95%CI:-1.53 to-0.31,P=0.19)and routine treatment drugs(MD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.89 to 0.46,P<0.53).YXQN was more effective than other Chinese patent medicines in reducing headache duration(MD=-1.24,95%CI:-1.70 to-0.77,P<0.00001);and(4)headache severity:There was no significant difference between YXQN vs placebo(MD=-1.67,95%CI:-3.52 to 0.19,P=0.08),routine treatment drugs(MD=-0.53,95%CI:-2.02 to 0.96,P=0.68),and other Chinese patent medicines(MD=-0.49,95%CI:-2.83 to 1.85,P=0.68).Mild gastrointestinal adverse reactions were reported in three cases.CONCLUSION This study revealed that YXQN is effective and safe for treatment of migraine.

Ultrasonic Nebulization Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Volatile Components in Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine

The ultrasonic nebulization extraction（UNE） was developed and applied to the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine Xiaoyao Pills. Several parameters of ultrasonic nebulization extraction including the sample particle size, solvent volume, extraction time and ultrasonic power were studied and selected. As a result, 2.4 g of sample with particle size of 80 mesh was extracted with 15 mL of n-hexane for 20 min at an ultrasonic power of 35 W. The volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） under the optimal conditions and 57 compounds were identified. The precision, repeatability and stability of the proposed method were also studied. Compared with ultrasonic-assisted extraction（UAE） and hydrodistillation（HD） extraction, the proposed method is more efficient, faster and easier to be operated at room temperature with smaller sample and energy consumption. It is suggested that the ultrasonic nebulization extraction can be used as a novel alternative method for the extraction of volatile components from traditional Chinese patent medicine.

Partial response to Chinese patent medicine Kangliu pill for adult glioblastoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal,with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors,and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%.The standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide.However,the prognosis remains poor and longterm survival is rare.This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.CASE SUMMARY A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.The tumor was compressing functional areas,and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation(World Health Organization IV).The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma.However,the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects,and was prescribed Kangliu pill(KLP)7.5 g three times/d,which he has continued to date.Significant shrinkage of the tumor(maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm)was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy,and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years.The patient’s symptoms of headache,limb weakness,and left hemiplegia were relieved,with no side effects.CONCLUSION KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current caseindicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternativetherapies for glioblastoma.

Clinical practice guideline on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of influenza (2021)

Influenza is a serious public health problem that endangers the health of the global human population.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is rich in theory and practical experience regarding the treatment of influenza,and TCM treatments have shown good curative effects,but there is a dearth of standardized clinical guidance.It is necessary to formulate a clinical practice guide based on evidence-based medicine.To this end,the Specialty Committee of Emergency,China Association of Chinese Medicine(Beijing,China)organized a team of clinical experts,methodological experts,and other multidisciplinary experts to develop a guideline with integrated research methods in the first place of TCM.This guide includes 23 recommendations.The prescription section contains 16 recommendations,including 5 recommendations for mild cases,5 recommendations for severe cases,3 recommendations for critical cases,and 4 recommendations for the recovery period;the portion covering proprietary Chinese medicines forms a total of 7 recommendations.This guide aims to provide the best evidence for clinicians and related practitioners to make decisions about influenza diagnosis and treatment in Chinese medicine.

Effects of adjuvant Chinese patent medicine therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris:a population-based retrospective cohort study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) angina pectoris and improving clinical effectiveness and provide evidence for its use as clinical adjuvant therapy.Methods: Twenty-eight thousand five hundred and seventeen patients hospitalized with CHD angina pectoris from 6 hospitals were divided into CPM group(n = 11,374) and non-CPM group(n = 17,143) to evaluate the incidence of MACE, including myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting.Results: The incidence of MACE in the CPM group was lower than that in the non-CPM group. CPM therapy was an independent protective factor that reduced the overall risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval(0.33;0.49)]. Patients in the CPM group who received one, two, or three types of CPM could benefit from adjuvant treatment with CPM, and taking more types of CPM was associated with a lower risk of MACE. In addition, the male population was better than the female population at taking CPM, and middle-aged people aged 55 to 64 were more suited to take CPM based on Western medicine.Conclusions: The use of CPM as adjuvant therapy can decrease the occurrence of MACE in patients with CHD angina pectoris,especially in men and middle-aged people, and the drug treatment plan should be optimized accordingly. However, this conclusion needs further verification by prospective cohort studies in the future.

Network-meta analysis of 9 kinds of patent Chinese medicine for nourishing qi and activating blood in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Yiqi Huoxue oral Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris.Methods:the databases of EMBASE,PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP were searched by computer,and the randomized controlled trial(RCT)of Yiqi Huoxue Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease(CHD)was searched until December 2019.By using stata15.1 software,the total clinical effective rate,the improvement rate of ECG,the improvement rate of angina pectoris,the attack frequency and duration of angina pectoris were taken as the outcome indicators for network meta analysis and mapping.Results:51 RCTs were included,including 9 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine.The results of network meta analysis showed that:in terms of clinical total effective rate,the order was Shexiang Baoxin Pill(78.2%)>xueshuanxinming tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shengui Capsule>Tongxinluo capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Yangxin tablet>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Naoxintong capsule;the improvement of ECG was Tongmai Yangxin pill(85.2%)>Yangxin tablet>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>Tongxinluo gum Capsule>Shengui Capsule>Naoxintong capsule;in order to reduce the frequency and duration of angina pectoris,they are conventional Naoxintong capsule(88.6%)>Shengui Capsule>Tongmai Yangxin pill>Shexiang Baoxin Pill>xueshuanxinmingpian>Tongxinluo capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule;Shexiang Baoxin Pill(66.9%)>Dengzhan Shengmai capsule>Shexiang Tongxin drop pill>Tongxinluo capsule>xueshuanxinmingning capsule Tablet>Tongmai Yangxin pill.Conclusion:Traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine has obvious advantages in the treatment of angina pectoris.Shexiang Baoxin Pill,Dengzhan Shengmai capsule and Tongmai Yangxin pill can be given priority.

Ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris based on data mining

Objective To explore ancient and modern medication laws of aromatic Chinese medicines in treating angina pectoris, and to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment.Methods With “angina pectoris” as the key word, ancient books prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines related to angina pectoris were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System, Chinese Medicine Prescription Database, New National Proprietary Chinese Medicine(2 nd edition), and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition) from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021. Core highfrequency aromatic Chinese medicines were defined, and their potential medication rules were analyzed and summarized. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management. Data analysis software, including Excel and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 were used for drug association rule analysis, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 for visual display.Results There were 67 ancient books prescriptions and 258 Chinese patent medicines containing aromatic Chinese medicines treating angina pectoris collected from relevant databases. In ancient books prescriptions, there were nine aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10, and the most commonly used medicine was Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), followed by Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). There were 33 aromatic Chinese medicines with the frequency ≥10 in Chinese patent medicines, and the most commonly used medicine was Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), followed by Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma). In ancient books prescriptions, the medicines mainly belonged to intenal-warming medicines, Qi-regulating medicines, and blood circulation promoting and blood stasis removing medicines.There were eight medicine pairs with confidence equal to 100% in ancient books prescriptions, the most frequently used pairs were Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) +Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma) + Chenpi(Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). In Chinese patent medicines, the aromatic Chinese medicine Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) could be combined with many other Chinese medicines, among which the Confidence and Support of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma) + Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) were at a high level.Conclusion Aromatic Chinese medicines for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease are mainly warm, and the flavors are mainly pungent, sweet, and bitter. They mainly access to the liver, gallbladder, and pericardium meridians. The treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease mainly focuses on warming heart pulse, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Quality Analysis of Herbal Medicine Products Prepared from Herba Sarcandrae by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection（CE-ED） method was developed for the quality analysis of herbal medicine products prepared from the same herb of Herba Sarcandrae： Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids. Under the optimal analysis conditions, the low detection limit[l.0×10^-7 mol/L（S/N=3）] and the wide linear range（1.0×10^-7-1.0×10^-4 mol/L） were obtained for quality standard compound of isofraxidin. The precisions of the peak current and the migration time（as RSDs） for the real sample analysis were 2.0%-2.6%, and 1.2%-1.8% for isofraxidin, respectively. The contents of isofraxidin detected were 15.77 μg/tablet, 0.48 mg/capsule, 1.2 mg/ampoule（Jiangxi）, and 0.44 mg/ampoule（Dalian） for Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids from different manufacturers, respectively. Quality estimate was conducted by comparing the contents of isofraxidin in the herbal medicine products with the demanded values of Chinese pharmacopeia. In addition, based on their own unique CE-ED profiles（namely, CE-ED electropherograms） the Xuekang oral liquids from the different manufacturers could be easily identified.

Analysis of the rule of medication of compound Chinese traditional patent medicine for digestive system tumors based on data mining

Objective:Based on the data mining method,explore the medication rules of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of digestive system tumors.Method:Based on the"Chinese Traditional Medicine Prescription Database"in https://db.yaozh.com/,collect Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of digestive system tumors,establish an Excel table,and use the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform(V2.2.1)to perform frequency statistics,association rules,and drugs on the data Clustering and complex network analysis.Results:A total of 36 Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of digestive system tumors were screened.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and cold,the taste was bitter and sweet,and the meridians were mainly liver and spleen meridians.High frequency Chinese medicine include Astragalus,Scutellaria-barbata,Ginseng,Curcuma,Triangle,Atractylodes,Hedyotis diffusa,etc.Correlation analysis obtained 17 drug combinations,High-frequency drug pairs include Scutellaria-barbata-Astragalus,Ginseng-Astragalus,Curcuma-Astragalus,Scutellaria-barbata-Curcuma,etc.Cluster analysis found 3 types of drugs.The core drug network is composed of 27 drugs,and the core compatibility network consists of 3 groups of drugs.Conclusion:The Chinese patent compound medicine for the treatment of digestive system tumors has the characteristics of combining cold and warming,replenishing and reducing treatment,and treating the liver and spleen at the same time.The medicine is mainly used to replenish qi and invigorate the spleen,promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,and clear away heat and detoxification.Replenish qi,nourish yin,invigorate blood,and detoxify are mainly compatible with each other,reflecting the pathogenesis characteristics of"deficiency,stasis,and toxin"in digestive system tumors.Data mining can provide references for the prescription and compatibility of Chinese patent medicines.

Chinese patent medicine for stable angina pectoris:protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Stable angina pectoris is a common condition that affects a wide group of patients with coronary artery diseases.A number of Chinese patent drugs based on classic herbal formulations are available for angina management.A network meta-analysis is proposed to assess the relative efficacy and safety of commonly used drugs for stable angina and generate a clinically meaningful ranking for each important outcome.We composed a list of 24 widely-used oral blood-quickening Chinese patent drugs from literature review and expert consultation.Three English and five Chinese electronic databases will be searched up to July 2021 for randomised clinical trials comparing between drugs on the list or with nitrates or placebo for stable angina.Unpublished data or grey literature will be sought through trial registries and correspondence to the report authors.Two reviewers independently screen literature,extract data and assess clinical and methodological features of included studies.The WinBUGS software will be used to perform network meta-analysis and the Stata 13.0 software to generate graphic demonstrations of the results.Primary outcomes are the incidence of cardiovascular events and changes in angina frequency,duration and intensity.We will use the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the mean value for the numeric presentation of efficacy and safety ranking probabilities of multiple treatments.Heterogeneity and inconsistency will be assessed using appropriate statistical tests,and subgroup analysis and network meta-regression will be resorted when necessary.The quality of evidence for each outcome will be graded with the web-based GRADEpro GDT.

Based on data mining, the study on the medication rule of Chinese patent medicine for constipation

To analyze the medication rule of Chinese patent medicine compound for constipation by data mining,and to provide reference for the treatment of constipation.Methods:The Chinese patent medicines for constipation in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020)and Chinese patent medicine prescription database of yaozhi.com(https://db.yaozh.com/chufang)were collected and sorted.The prescriptions and drug composition were input into Excel2010.ategories,nature,flavour and channel tropism of drugs were analyzed by using ancient and modern medical case cloud platform(V2.3.5).The cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs was carried out by SPSS 22.0,and rules of high-frequency drugs were analyzed by Apriori algorithm provided by SPSS modeler 18.0.Results:Two hundred and thirty-six Chinese patent medicine prescriptions that met the requirements were collected,containing 349 Chinese medicines in total,with a total frequency of 2,277.The drugs with frequency≥25 times were high-frequency drugs,with a total of 24 flavours,and the top 5 were Dahuang(Rhei radix et rhizoma),Huangqin(Scutellariae radix),Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Huanglian(Coptidis rhizoma)and Bohe(Menthae haplocalycis herba).The top 3 frequency of efficacy of high-frequency drugs were“Heat-Clearing(remove heat from the body surface and inside)”drugs,“Purgating(to promote excretion of stools)”drugs and“Reinforcing”(to supplement the body’s lack of“Qi,Blood,Yin and Yang”)drugs.The nature of high-frequency drugs were cold,warm and flat.The top 3 flavour of the high frequency drugs were bitter,spicy and sweet.The top 4 channel tropism of high-frequency drugs were“Spleen”,“Stomach”,“Lung”,“Large intestine”.According to the association rule,11 drug pairs were obtained,and the core drug pairs were Zhizi(Gardeniae fructus)-Rhei radix et rhizoma,Huangbo(Phellodendri chinensis cortex)-Rhei radix et rhizoma.Four new methods were obtained based on cluster analysis.Conclusion:Chinese patent medicine has a certain regularity in the treatment of constipation.This paper can provide some references for the clinical treatment of constipation with Chinese medicine.

Comparative Evaluation of Antitumor Chinese Patent Medicine Injections Based on Evidence-Based Medicine and Markov Model

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the safety, efficacy, economy, and other aspects of frequently-used antitumor Chinese patent medicine injections through a comprehensive evaluation of evidence-based medical research to provide scientific information and decision-making basis for drug selection, rational drug use, public awareness of safe drug use, and medical insurance. Materials and Methods: The names of five frequently used antitumor Chinese patent medicine injections were used as search terms, including the compound Sophora flavescens injection, Kangai injection, Aidi injection, Kanglaite injection, and Brucea javanica oil emulsion injection. Relevant evidence-based medical research was extracted from the databases. A descriptive evaluation was conducted, and the Markov model was used for the cost-benefit analysis. Finally, the above injections are ranked by comprehensive scores using the multi-criteria decision analysis and Delphi method. Results: The five injections had their own advantages in enhancing the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatments, improving the quality of life for cancer patients, and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions. From the perspective of economy and other attributes, compound S. flavescens was superior to B. javanica oil, Aidi, Kangai, and Kanglaite. After a comprehensive evaluation of the above five injections, the compound S. flavescens injection received the highest score. Conclusions: Compound S. flavescens, Kangai, Aidi, B. javanica oil, and Kanglaite have their own advantages in effectiveness and no significant difference in safety. Compound S. flavescens injection has the highest comprehensive score. Clinical attention should be paid to monitoring the initial stage of medication and special groups.