A Multi-Hop Dynamic Path-Selection (MHDP) Algorithm for the Augmented Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), the lifetime of sensors is the crucial issue. Numerous schemes are proposed to augment the life time of sensors based on the wide range of parameters. In majority of the cases, the center of attraction will be the nodes’ lifetime enhancement and routing. In the scenario of cluster based WSN, multi-hop mode of communication reduces the communication cast by increasing average delay and also increases the routing overhead. In this proposed scheme, two ideas are introduced to overcome the delay and routing overhead. To achieve the higher degree in the lifetime of the nodes, the residual energy (remaining energy) of the nodes for multi-hop node choice is taken into consideration first. Then the modification in the routing protocol is evolved (Multi-Hop Dynamic Path-Selection Algorithm—MHDP). A dynamic path updating is initiated in frequent interval based on nodes residual energy to avoid the data loss due to path extrication and also to avoid the early dying of nodes due to elevation of data forwarding. The proposed method improves network’s lifetime significantly. The diminution in the average delay and increment in the lifetime of network are also accomplished. The MHDP offers 50% delay lesser than clustering. The average residual energy is 20% higher than clustering and 10% higher than multi-hop clustering. The proposed method improves network lifetime by 40% than clustering and 30% than multi-hop clustering which is considerably much better than the preceding methods.

Transmitter-Receiver Path Selection for Cell Range Extension Using Multi-Hop D2D

Conventional approach of dealing with more users per coverage area in cellular networks implies densifying the amount of(Access Point)AP which will eventually result in a larger carbon footprint.In this paper,we propose a base station off-loading and cell range extension(CRE)scheme based on multi-hop device-to-device(MHD2D)path selection between transmitter and receiver node.The paper also provides derivations of upper and lower bounds for energy efficiency,capacity,and transmit power.The proposed path selection scheme is inspired by the foraging behavior of honey bees.We present the algorithm as a modified variant of the artificial bee colony algorithm(MVABC).The proposed optimization problem is modeled as a minimization problem where we optimize the Energy Efficiency(EE).The proposed path selection MVABC is compared with the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and also with classical artificial bee colony(ABC)through simulations and statistical analysis.The student’s t-test,p-value,and standard error of means(SEM)clearly show that MVABC based path selection out-performs the GA and classical ABC schemes.MVABC based approach is 66%more efficient when compared with classic ABC and about 62%efficient when compared with GA based scheme.