Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host proteins.In fungal–plant interactions,relatively little is known about whether,in ad...Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host proteins.In fungal–plant interactions,relatively little is known about whether,in addi-tion to avirulence effectors and immune receptors,other proteins contribute to specific recognition.The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal pow-dery mildew effector AvrPm2.We found that the predicted wheat zincfinger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR Pm2a.We further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with TaZF.TaZF silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew resistance.Interaction studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with TaZF.TaZF recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus,resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a,TaZF,and AvrPm2 in wheat.We propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector recognition.Ourfindings highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.展开更多
The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the field.The mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until now.R...The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the field.The mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until now.Recently,a comprehensive work revealed that light controls late blight disease reaction in potato caused by the lrish famine pathogen.A specific R gene Rpivnt1 in potato showed dichotomous behavior in disease reaction due to the light-responsive alternate promoter selection of another host gene glycerate 3 kinase(GLYK)during its transcription.The full-length GLYK protein traps the pathogen effector AVRvnt1 into a recognition event which is later sensed by Rpivnt1 in the presence of light.In dark,the truncated GLYK protein devoid of its chloroplastic transit peptide could not able to recognize AVRvnt1 and thus resistance get compromised.A possible model for this event is proposed here for ease in understanding.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_204165 and 310030B_182833)by funding from the University of Zurich.
文摘Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host proteins.In fungal–plant interactions,relatively little is known about whether,in addi-tion to avirulence effectors and immune receptors,other proteins contribute to specific recognition.The nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal pow-dery mildew effector AvrPm2.We found that the predicted wheat zincfinger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR Pm2a.We further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with TaZF.TaZF silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew resistance.Interaction studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with TaZF.TaZF recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus,resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a,TaZF,and AvrPm2 in wheat.We propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector recognition.Ourfindings highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.
文摘The disease triangle describes the interrelationship among pathogen,host,and environment towards disease prevalence in the field.The mechanistic role of environment on NLR-mediated resistance was not known until now.Recently,a comprehensive work revealed that light controls late blight disease reaction in potato caused by the lrish famine pathogen.A specific R gene Rpivnt1 in potato showed dichotomous behavior in disease reaction due to the light-responsive alternate promoter selection of another host gene glycerate 3 kinase(GLYK)during its transcription.The full-length GLYK protein traps the pathogen effector AVRvnt1 into a recognition event which is later sensed by Rpivnt1 in the presence of light.In dark,the truncated GLYK protein devoid of its chloroplastic transit peptide could not able to recognize AVRvnt1 and thus resistance get compromised.A possible model for this event is proposed here for ease in understanding.
