Flow pattern identification in oil wells by electromagnetic image logging

Petroleum production logging needs to determine the interpretation models first and flow pattern identification is the foundation, but traditional flow pattern identification methods have some limitations. In this paper, a new method of flow pattern identification in oil wells by electromagnetic image logging is proposed. First, the characteristics of gas-water and oil-water flow patterns in horizontal and vertical wellbores are picked up. Then, the continuous variation of the two phase flow pattern in the vertical and horizontal pipe space is discretized into continuous fluid distribution models in the pipeline section. Second, the electromagnetic flow image measurement responses of all the eight fluid distribution models are simulated and the characteristic vector of each response is analyzed in order to distinguish the fluid distribution models. Third, the time domain changes of the fluid distribution models in the pipeline section are used to identify the flow pattern. Finally, flow simulation experiments using electromagnetic flow image logging are operated and the experimental and simulated data are compared. The results show that the method can be used for flow pattern identification of actual electromagnetic image logging data.

Analysis on the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes and Six-Meridian Pattern Identification of coronavirus disease 2019

Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identification,which provided later generations with a theoretical basis for the treatment of Exogenous Febrile Diseases.The coronavirus disease 2019 belongs to the category of“Pestilence”(the general term for virulent infectious epidemic diseases)in“Febrile Diseases”(the general term for acute externally contracted diseases caused by Warm Pathogens,with fever as the chief manifestation,also known as Warm Diseases)and the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 is mostly based on the Triple Energizer Pattern Identification(the a categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Triple Energizer)or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification(the categorization of Febrile Diseases Pattern Identification according to the theory of Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood which indicates the stages of the clinical course with corresponding pathological changes).Although the theory of Cold-induced Diseases(the condition caused by Cold,manifested as chills and fever,absence of sweating,headache and floating-tense pulse)and the theory of Febrile Disease seem to be entirely distinct with each other,Zhongjing Zhang’s theory contained Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification,and Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification also contained Zhongjing Zhang’s Six-Meridian Pattern Identification(the categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Six Meridians,applied to the diagnosis of acute Febrile Diseases at different stages,and also useful for the Pattern Identification of other diseases).The basic principles and therapeutic methods of Cold-induced Diseases and Febrile Diseases are intertwined.Therefore,this paper will combine the two theories to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019,and try to use Six-Meridian Pattern Identification to guide the treatment of this disease.

IDENTIFICATION AND SIMULATION OF X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION PATTERN

A new method for pattern identification and simulation of X-ray powder diffraction data is described, which can give definite phase composition of the unknown rapidly and correctly. The method is implemented in Microsoft Fortran 77 for the IBM PC/XT/AT personal computer or their compatibles.

Reporting Children’s Development below the Test Floor: Looking Back and Forth to Describe Individual Strengths and Needs

The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners requested advice on the reporting of children’s development below the floor of the test, so that individual strengths and needs can be described. This paper reports the third phase of research following an earlier Scoping Review and a wider literature review. To confirm quality control, Phase 3 was conducted in a retrospective manner using the same methodology as the earlier phases but in a reverse direction. Peer reviewer comments and key elements from the Scoping Review and keywords from the publications were tabulated. Data analysis included a change of perspective to that of the child and their individual rights with respect to the literature themes already described in Phase 2. These confirmed that there is little specific guidance in the literature, but that computational advances for homogeneous populations and especially disaggregated data offer some solutions. A greater balance between broad biopsychosocial models and standardised models of assessment should be sought by practitioners together with the use of disaggregated data to highlight issues that pertain to individual subsets of results. This will ensure that the child’s right for their individual strengths and needs to be described together with a plan for management, may be met.

The Diagnostic Criteria of Blood-Stasis Syndrome:Considerations for Standardization of Pattern Identification

Pattern identification （PI）, also called Bian Zheng （辨证）, syndrome differentiation, pattem diagnosis, or pattem classification, is the basic principle and the key concept of Chinese medicine （CM）. The core of PI is CM syndrome, on which CM theory, therapeutic method, prescribing formula and the use of Chinese herbal medicine are basically based. PI, in fact, is another classification method anticipated to improve the clinical efficacy. How to make an exact PI seems to be very important for taking full advantage of PI in clinical practice. Therefore, the establishment of diagnostic criterion of pattern has been the prerequisite for the standardization of PI. In recent years, a lot of diagnostic criteria of different CM patterns have been formulated. Taking the diagnostic criteria for blood-stasis syndrome as a model, the methodologies and considerations in establishing a pattern diagnostic criterion were discussed in this paper, which might be of great reference value in future PI standardization research.

Effect of Chinese Medicine Treatment Based on Pattern Identification on Cellular Immunophenotype of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Objective： To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）. Methods： Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels （low, moderate and high risks） with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill （左归丸） and Yougui Pill （右归丸） for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction （清瘟败毒饮） and Bazhen Decoction （八珍汤） for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction （膈下逐瘀汤） and Qinghao Biejia Decoction （青蒿鳖甲汤） combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction （十全大补汤 ） for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype （CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34） of each group were analyzed. Results： The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients （P=0.029）, there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients （P=0.089）. The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusions： It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification in addition to conventional therapy. Since the treatment may inhibit the malignant clones and improve the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation, it is a feasible option in clinical practice.

Incorporating Pattern Identification of Chinese Medicine into Precision Medicine:An Integrative Model for Individualized Medicine

On 20 January, 2015, U.S. President Obama announced an ambitious plan called ＂Precision Medicine （PM） Initiative＂, aiming to deliver genetics- based medical treatments. PM has shown a promising prospect by tailoring disease treatments and preventions to individuals. However, a predominantly genetics-based method restricts its benefit and applicability in most chronic and complex diseases. Pattern identification （PI） is one of the representative characteristics of Chinese medicine implying the concept of holism and individualized treatment. It is another classification method taking environmental, psychosocial and other individual factors into account. Integrating PI with disease diagnosis of Western medicine will provide a strong complement to genetics-based PM, thus establish an integrative model for individualized medicine. PI provides new perspectives for PM, not only in clinical practice, but also in new drug development and clinical trial design. It is for sure that the integrative approach will ultimately lead to a safer, more convenient and effective patient-centered healthcare and most patients will benefit in the era of PM.

Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

Designing Clinical Studies That Take into Account Traditional East Asian Medicine's Systems and Methods-with Focus on Pattern Identification

This article is based on two presentations held at Chinese medicine conference in Rothenburg （2013）, Germany and at the 19th Anniversary of Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine （KIOM） International Symposium of Current Research Trends in Traditional Medicine - Pattern of Identification （2013）. In designing clinical studies, it is a research question that leads to appropriate study design. However, they are mostly diagnostic procedures and techniques that are the key points to reflect the application of systems and methods in all forms of medicine - traditional East Asian medicine （TEAM） is no exception. The challenges within TEAM based on research reflect in different systems of medicine/theories such as traditional Japanese acupuncture, traditional Korean acupuncture and traditional Chinese acupuncture. This diversitv of medical svstems and methods applied in East Asia seems to have beenfruitful within the different countries and traditional medicines have found their places within the respective countries health systems. The existing diversity, from a clinician＇s point of view, may be viewed as a treasure when dealing with patients in the ＇real world＇. On the other hand, this diversity seems to challenge the scientific mind worldwide, esoeciallv when it comes to research. Hence. there is a and between clinical practice and research.

Standardization and Future Directions in Pattern Identification Research: International Brainstorming Session

An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification（PI） was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1, 2013 in Daejeon, South Korea. This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization. With eight presentations and discussion sessions, the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI. One speaker presented a talk titled ＂The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome： implications for standardization of PI＂. Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research. Later, participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI. They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.

Current Research and Future Directions in Pattern Identification： Results of an International Symposium

A symposium on pattern identification（PI）was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine（KIOM）on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South Korea.This symposium was convened to provide information on the current research in PI as well as suggest future research directions.The participants discussed the nature of PI,possible research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.With eight presentations and an extensive panel discussion,the symposium allowed participants to discuss research methods in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented the topic,＇Clinical pattern differentiation and contemporary research in PI.＇Two speakers presented current trends in research on blood stasis while the remaining five other delegates discussed the research methods and future directions of PI research.The participants engaged in in-depth discussions regarding the nature of PI,potential research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.

An artificial immune and incremental learning inspired novel framework for performance pattern identification of complex electromechanical systems

Performance pattern identification is the key basis for fault detection and condition prediction,which plays a major role in ensuring safety and reliability in complex electromechanical systems(CESs).However,there are a few problems related to the automatic and adaptive updating of an identification model.Aiming to solve the problem of identification model updating,a novel framework for performance pattern identification of the CESs based on the artificial immune systems and incremental learning is proposed in this paper to classify real-time monitoring data into different performance patterns.First,an unsupervised clustering technique is used to construct an initial identification model.Second,the artificial immune and outlier detection algorithms are applied to identify abnormal data and determine the type of immune response.Third,incremental learning is employed to trace the dynamic changes of patterns,and operations such as pattern insertion,pattern removal,and pattern revision are designed to realize automatic and adaptive updates of an identification model.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through experiments with the benchmark and actual pattern identification applications.As an unsupervised and self-adapting approach,the proposed framework inherits the preponderances of the conventional methods but overcomes some of their drawbacks because the retraining process is not required in perceiving the pattern changes.Therefore,this method can be flexibly and efficiently used for performance pattern identification of the CESs.Moreover,the proposed method provides a foundation for fault detection and condition prediction,and can be used in other engineering applications.

Inter-observer Reliability of Indicators and Decision of Pattern Identification Using Diagnostic Flowchart with Traditional Korean Medicine

Objective： To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification（PI）, and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures（SOPs） were enhanced by using a diagnostic flowchart. Methods： A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. Results： The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators（for al patients） and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from ＂poor＂（κ=–0.051） to ＂good＂（κ=0.968）. The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from –0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators（for the subjects） general y ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from –0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was general y high for al of the indicators and ranged from ＂moderate＂（AC1=0.408） to ＂excel ent＂（AC1=0.996）. Conclusions： In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency（e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used）, it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training.（Trial registration No. KCT0000916）

Traditio,nal East Asian Medicine:How to Understand and Approach Diagnostic Findings and Patterns in A Modern Scientific Framework?

Research into the diagnostic methods and patterns of traditional East Asian medical （TEAM） systems of practice such as acupuncture and herbal medicine face certain challenges due to the nature of thinking in TEAM and the subjective basis of judgments made in practice. The TEAM-based diagnosis can take into account various findings and signs such as the appearance of the tongue, palpable qualities of the radial pulses, palpable qualities and findings on the abdomen, the complexion of the patient and so on. Both diagnostic findings and the patterns of diagnosis cannot be assumed to have objective bases or to be causally related to the complaints of the patient. However, the diagnoses of TEAM based acupuncture and herbal medicine have tended to look at pictures of the whole patient and rather than focus on a particular symptom, they have looked across a myriad of signs and symptoms to decide or identify the ＇pattern＇ of diagnosis according to the theory in question. Although open for selective and subjective biases each diagnosis pattern always comes with a prescribed treatment tailored to the pattern. Further, the same research requirements needed for the validation of the diagnoses are needed also for these clinical observations and judgments. Hence, it is necessary, albeit challenging for research on TEAM diagnoses to first address these issues before proceeding to more complex investigations such as the development of instruments for making diagnostic observations, instruments for forming diagnostic conclusions or studies investigating the physiological bases of the diagnostic patterns. Preliminary work has started and instruments have been made, but we suggest that any instrumentation must necessarily be first validated by matching of the calibrated or scaled observations or judgments to observations made and agreed upon by relevant experts. Reliability of all observations and judgments are needed before any other tool, technology or more advanced approach can proceed and also whenever the natural system of diagnosis-treatment is applied in clinical trials. In this paper the authors highlight the core problems and describe a step wise process for addressing them.

Acupuncture Points Used in the Prophylaxis against Recurrent Uncomplicated Cystitis, Patterns Identified and Their Possible Relationship to Physiological Measurements

Objective： To explore the correlation between single acupoints used and the recurrence rate of cystitis among cystitis-prone women receiving acupuncture as a prophylactic treatment. Methods： In all, 58 cystitis-prone women were included in the analysis. Customised acupuncture treatments were given twice a week, over 4 weeks. The main effect parameter was the number of cystitis episodes during the 6-month observation time. Residual urine was measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months using portable ultrasound equipment. Sympathetic and vagotone nerve activities were measured by using skin conductance and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respectively. Results： The main acupoints used for patients with Kidney （Shen） qi/yang deficiency were Shenshu （BL23）, Taixi （KI3）, Zhongji （CV3）, Sanyinjiao （SP6） and Pangguangshu （BL2.8）, compared with Taichong （LR3）, CV3, BL28, Yinlingquan （SP9） and SP6 for Liver （Gan） qi stagnation, and SP6, CV3, BL28, Zusanli （ST36） and SP9 for Spleen （Pi） qi/yang deficiency patients. The combination BL23 and KI3 were used in 16 women, 13 of which were Kidney pattern related patients. When used, the number of symptomatic episodes were reduced to a third compared with what occurred in the 42 women where this combination was not used （3/16 vs. 28/42, P〈0.05）. BL23 application correlated to a significant reduction in residual urine measured a few days after treatment. Patients with the pattern of Spleen qi/yang deficiency had an initial increase in residual urine after treatments. Conclusion： Treating Kidney pattern related patients with the combination of BL23 and KI3 resulted in far better outcome than other points/combination of points for other Chinese medicine diagnoses. The acupoint SP6 may be less indicated than previously assumed when treating cvstitis-Drone women DroDhvlacticalIv.

An Innovative Method to Accommodate Chinese Medicine Pattern Diagnosis within the Framework of Evidence-Based Medical Research

Pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine （CM）. CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient＇s symptoms and signs. Pattern identification （PI） is used to diagnose, direct the treatment principle and determine the treatment protocol. Most CM research has used fixed formula treatments for Western-defined diseases with outcomes measured using objective biomedical markers. This article presents an innovative method used in a randomised controlled pilot study using acupuncture for participants with hepatitis C virus. Each participant＇s CM patterns were identified and quantified at baseline which directed the treatment protocol for the treatment group. Data identified that while each participant expressed different patterns at baseline all participants displayed multiple patterns. Six patterns showed some expression by all 16 participants; Liver （Gan） yin vacuity expressing a group aggregate mean percentage of 47.2, binding depression of Liver qi 46.9, and Liver Kidney （Shen） yin vacuity 45.1. Further sub category gender grouping revealed that pattern ranking changed with gender; Liver yin vacuity （male 53.4%, female 51.93%）, binding depression of Liver qi （male 50.0%, female 42.86%） and Liver Kidney yin vacuity （male 42.9%, female 47.96%）. The quantification of CM patterns described in this article permitted statistical evaluation of presenting CM patterns. Although this methodology is in its infancy it may have potential use in the integration of PI with rigorous evidence based clinical research. Biomedical markers often do not relate to symptom/signs and therefore this innovative measure may offer an additional CM evaluation methodology and further CM PI understanding.

Diagnostic Indicators for Blood Stasis Syndrome Patients with Gynaecological Diseases

Objective： To investigate the important diagnostic indicators for blood stasis syndrome （BSS） in patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases. Methods： A partial least squared-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） were applied to BSS symptoms data of patients with gynaecological diseases, and the diagnostic indicators used by doctors of Korean medicine （DKMs） among BSS patients with gynaecological diseases were also investigated. Results： A total of 103 patients of childbearing age with gynaecological diseases and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Among the 103 patients, 63 （61.7%） and 40 （38.8%） were diagnosed with BSS and non-BSS, respectively, and BSS patients exhibited a more severe extent of disease. A score plot of PLS-DA showed clearly different patterns among the 3 groups. Based on the variable importance on projection of PLS-DA model, menstrual pains, dark lumps in the menstrual blood, ileocoecal tenderness and resistance, sharp pains, and sublingual varicosities were selected as the top five most important indicators. Moreover, more than 75% of DKMs chose dark lumps in menstrual blood, menstrual pain, and dark menstrual blood as the diagnostic indicators of BSS in patients with gynaecological diseases, and more than 49% of them also considered sharp pains, dark red tongue, sublingual varicosities, and tendency to bruise easily as diagnostic indicators of BSS. Conclusion： DKMs focused on menstrual symptoms and certain gynaecological symptoms to diagnose BSS patients of childbearing age with female diseases.

Recognition of Association Between Blood Stasis Syndrome and Traumatic Injury among Doctors of Korean Medicine:A Cross-Sectional Observation Study

Objective： To investigate the diagnostic indicators and herbal treatments for blood stasis syndrome（BSS） patients with traumatic injuries and to identify the association between BSS and traumatic injury in Korea. Methods： Two-hundred and four patients with traumatic injury were recruited from the Gangnam and Daejeon branches of Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine between June 2014 and December 2014. Two independent doctors of Korean medicine（DKMs） determined the diagnosis of BSS or non-BSS based on the subjects＇ signs and symptoms. The scores assigned to BSS symptoms and DKMs＇ reasons for diagnosing BSS in patients with traumatic injury were investigated. Both medication and herbal prescription records from a 3-month period were collected for all patients diagnosed with BSS by both DKMs. Results： A total of 169 of 204（82.8%） patients received consistent diagnosis related to BSS by two DKMs. Among them, 54.4%（92 cases） were diagnosed with BSS, and 45.6%（77 cases） were not diagnosed with BSS. DKMs most frequently cited symptoms of recent traumatic injury as justifications for BSS diagnoses, and also selected pain-related indicators such as abdominal pain, sharp pain and nocturnal pain as important reasons in diagnosing BSS. In addition, an inconsistency in the pattern identification theory with respect to traumatic injury was observed. Although only 92 cases（54.4%） of patients were diagnosed with BSS, 77.6% of them were prescribed decoctions for BSS. Conclusions： DKMs considered traumatic injury could cause BSS, and utilized decoction for BSS in patients with traumatic injury without confirming a diagnosis of BSS because they assumed the main symptoms or pathologies of traumatic injury to be closely related to BSS.

The Influence of Shanghanlun on Japanese Kampo Medicine

Shanghanlun is a classic work in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which systematically discusses diagnosis and treatment ideas based on syndrome differentiation and records a large number of highly practical prescriptions.When Shanghanlun was introduced into Japan along with the communication between China and Japan in the Sui and Tang Dynasties,it had a profound influence on the development of Kampo medicine in Japan.By sorting out the works related to Shanghanlun in the medical history literature of Kampo medicine before the Meiji Restoration,this paper discusses the relationship between Shanghanlun and the Koho school of Kampo medicine,as well as the influence of the thought“formula corresponding to pattern identification,”originating from the Koho school,on the development of modern Kampo medicine.The study of Shanghanlun by Kampo medicine nowadays not only attaches great importance to clinical practicality but also has theoretical discussions.It is expected that future medical exchanges between China and Japan will complement each other from the perspectives of both sides and promote the theoretical and clinical development of TCM.

The Circadian Rhythm of Yin and Yang Syndrome on Hypertension

Objective: To study the relationship between the circadian rhythm of Yin and Yang Syndrome on essential hypertension. Methods: The noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used in the clinical evaluation of 84 hypertensive inpatients. Results: The profile of ambulatory blood pressure in traditional Chinese medicine is characterized by the usual nocturnal decline in blood pressure, as well as by a prominent secondary fall in the early afternoon. The blood pressure to be highest is at Chen （辰, 8:00am） on excess of Yang Syndrome and at You （酉, 17: 00 pm）on deficiency of Yin Syndrome, the lowest is at Zi （子,0: 00 am）and Wei （未, 11 ：00am). The inverse circadian blood pressure is discovered in spontaneously hypertension rats （SHR）. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of hypertension is due to the excessive Yang that is caused by incoordination between Yin and Yang. The TCM pattern differentiation of hypertension can be identified by Yin and Yang.