Regional agricultural landscape pattern changes along the Yellow River in Henan Province from 1987 to 2002

Agricultural landscape along the riparian zones is designated as important landscape components for partly controlling water quality, biodiversity, as well as for their aesthetic role in landscapes. Therefore, the change of agricultural landscape along the riparian zones is at the top of the agenda for many policy makers and landscape planners. As a basis for conservation management, sufficient information about landscape structure should be provided. In the present study, we reconstructed the former landscape structure and elucidated the changes in landscape patterns during a period of about 15 years. Two sets of maps were used： a landsat-5 TM image （1987） and landsat-7 ETM image （2002）. The frequency index, landscape diversity index and landscape fragmentation index were calculated for analyses. The results showed that： （1） the areas of the irrigated land, river, forest and beach landscape classes presented a decreasing trend while the areas of landscape classes of pool, paddy fields, dry land and construction land increased. （2） Disturbed by human activity, landscape diversity index increased but landscape fragmentation index decreased. In short, Human activities have had important influences on agricultural landscape of the riparian zones along the Yellow River in Henan Province.

Eternal Climate Change Patterns and the Causes and Countermeasures of Global Climate Change

It is an objective fact that the weather is unpredictable.Even the famous meteorologist,Academician Chu Ko Chen,has only a partial understanding of the changing laws of wind and rain.Even though ancient people summarized the 24 solar terms by observing the annual activities of the sun for a long time,because they ignored the impact of the activities of the moon on the Earth’s climate change on a small scale,the 24 solar terms they summarized often could not accurately predict the change of the Earth’s climate.Therefore,the author studied the influence of lunar activities on the Earth’s climate change,finds out the law of the influence of lunar activities on the Earth’s climate change on a small scale,and summarizes the eternal climate change pattern determined by the activities of the sun and the moon.In addition,the author also reveals the causes and countermeasures of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather as well as environmental change.

Increasing Wages,Factor Substitution,and Cropping Pattern Changes in China

This article analyzed the influence of increasing wages on cropping patterns from theoretical and empirical perspectives.The results showed that the increasing labor cost provided a significant incentive to adjust the grain cropping pattern,which increased the production of the three major cereal grains but reduced the production of other grain crops.Increasing wages had a significant negative impact on cash crops.More laborintensive cash crops experienced a larger negative impact in the context of increasing wages.The increase in labor costs also had a negative impact on the proportion of vegetables produced,which was more evident in northern China.A further mechanism test indicated that factor substitution was a significant reason for cropping pattern changes;this illustrated the substitution of labor by machinery not only between grain crops and cash crops but also among different cash crops.

Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃（100 yr）^（-1）; however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern： dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.

Changes in cortical activation patterns accompanying somatosensory recovery in a stroke patient: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study

The somatosensory system plays a crucial role in executing precise movements by providing sensory feedback （Farrer et al., 2003; Rabin and Gordon, 2004）. Somatosensory dys- function is a common problem following stroke. In partic- ular, somatosensory impairments, such as impairment in touch, proprioception, light touch, and vibration have been frequently observed （Carey et al., 1993; Sullivan and Hed- man, 2008; Tyson et al., 2008）. Patients with somatosensory dysfunction show negative effects on motor control, and it sometimes becomes difficult to perform daily activities independently.

Phase change microcapsules in thermal Energy applications:A critical review

Phase change microcapsules can carry large amounts of heat and be dispersed into other mediums either as a solid composite or as slurry fluids without changes to their appearance or fluidity. These two standout features make phase change microcapsules ideal for use in thermal energy applications to enhance the efficiency of energy utilisation. This review paper includes methods used for the encapsulation of phase change materials, especially the method suitable for large scale productions, the trends of phase change microcapsule development and their use in thermal energy applications in static and dynamic conditions. The effect of phase change microcapsules on convective heat transfer through addition to thermal fluids as slurries is critically reviewed. The review highlighted that so far the phase change microcapsules used mainly have polymeric shells, which has very low thermal conductivities. Their enhancement in convective heat transfer was demonstrated in locations where the phase change material experiences phase change. The phase change results in the slurries having higher apparent local specific heat capacities and thus higher local heat transfer coefficients. Out of the phase change region, no enhancement is observed from the solid microcapsule particles due to the low specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the phase change microcapsules compared to that of water, which is normally used as slurry media in the test. To further the research in this area, phase change microcapsules with higher specific heat capacity, higher thermal conductivity and better shape stability need to be applied.

Precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland during 1960–2014

Based on daily precipitation data from 163 meteorological stations, this study investigated precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes of the Chinese mainland（MCM） during 1960–2014 using the climatic trend coefficient, least-squared regression analysis, and a non-parametric Mann-Kendall test.According to the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon on the MCM and the climatic trend coefficient of annual precipitation during 1960–2014, we divided the MCM into the western MCM and eastern MCM. The western MCM was further divided into the western MCM1 and western MCM2 in terms of the effects of the East Asian summer monsoon. The main results were as follows：（1） During the last four decades of the 20^（th） century, the area-averaged annual precipitation presented a significant increasing trend in the western MCM, but there was a slight decreasing trend in the eastern MCM, where a seesaw pattern was apparent. However, in the 21^（st） century, the area-averaged annual precipitation displayed a significant increasing trend in both the western and eastern MCM.（2） The trend in area-averaged seasonal precipitation during 1960–2014 in the western MCM was consistent with that in the eastern MCM in winter and spring. However, the trend in area-averaged summer precipitation during1960–2014 displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.（3） On an annual basis,both the trend in rainstorms and heavy rain displayed a seesaw pattern between the western and eastern MCM.（4） The precipitation intensity in rainstorms, heavy rain, and moderate rain made a greater contribution to changes in the total precipitation than precipitation frequency. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the trends and differences in precipitation changes in different areas of the MCM. This is not only useful for the management and mitigation of flood disasters, but is also beneficial to the protection of water resources across the MCM.

BEARING IN MIND MEGATREND FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT AGAINST CHANGING INTERNATIONAL PATTERN

Uncertainties in the International Situation Are on the Increase and Transformation of International Pattern and Order Accelerates and Deepens Since 2016,the world has begun to enter into a historical period of uncertainty.The fact that the Ukrainian Crisis has dragged on for long and that

Salt Desert and Saline-Ackaline Mixed Dust Storms:An Ignored Issure for Global Climate Change

Salt desert,saline-alkaline dust storm and saline-alkaline mixed dust storm are significant but ignored problems for a long time.After many years of observations and researches,the author believes that salt desert,saline-alkaline dust

Long-term follow-up of liver alveolar echinococcosis using echinococcosis multilocularis ultrasound classification

BACKGROUND When Echinococcus multilocularis infects humans as a false intermediate host,alveolar echinococcosis(AE)usually manifests primarily intrahepatically and is initially asymptomatic.If the disease remains undiagnosed and untreated,progressive growth occurs,reminiscent of malignant tumours.The only curative therapy is complete resection,which is limited to localised stages,and palliative drug therapy is used otherwise.Consequently,early diagnosis and reliable detection of AE lesions are important.For this reason,abdominal ultrasonography,as the most common primary imaging for AE,relies on classification systems.AIM To investigate how hepatic AE lesion sonomorphology changes over time in the Echinococcosis Multilocularis Ulm Classification(EMUC)-ultrasound(US)classification.METHODS Based on data from Germany’s national echinococcosis database,we evaluated clinical and US imaging data for 59 patients according to the AE case definition in our preliminary retrospective longitudinal study.There had to be at least two liver sonographies≥6 mo apart,≥1 hepatic AE lesion,and complete documentation in all US examinations.The minimum interval between two separately evaluated US examinations was 4 wk.The AE reference lesion was the largest hepatic AE lesion at the time of the first US examination.To classify the sonomorphologic pattern,we used EMUC-US.In addition to classifying the findings of the original US examiner,all reference lesions at each examination time point were assigned EMUC-US patterns in a blinded fashion by two investigators experienced in US diagnosis.Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC,United Stated).P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS The preliminary study included 59 patients,38(64.5%)women and 21(35.6%)men.The mean age at initial diagnosis was 59.9±16.9 years.At the time of initial ultrasonography,a hailstorm pattern was present in 42.4%(25/59)of cases,a hemangioma-like pattern in 16.9%(10/59),a pseudocystic pattern in 15.3%(9/59),and a metastasis-like pattern in 25.4%(15/59).For the hailstorm pattern,the average lesion size was 67.4±26.3 mm.The average lesion size was 113.7±40.8 mm with the pseudocystic pattern and 83.5±27.3 mm with the hemangioma-like pattern.An average lesion size of 21.7±11.0 mm was determined for the metastasis-like pattern.Although the sonomorphologic pattern remained unchanged in 84.7%(50/59)of AE reference lesions,15.3%(9/59)showed a change over time.A change in pattern was seen exclusively for AE lesions initially classified as hemangioma-like or pseudocystic.A total of 70%(7/10)of AE lesions initially classified as hemangioma-like showed a relevant change in pattern over time,and 85.7%(6/7)of these were secondarily classified as having a hailstorm pattern,with the remainder(1/7;14.3%)classified as having a pseudocystic pattern.A total of 22.2%(2/9)of AE lesions initially classified as pseudocystic showed a relevant change in pattern over time and were classified as having a hailstorm pattern.For AE lesions initially classified as having a hailstorm or metastatic pattern,no pattern change was evident.All patients with pattern change were on continuous drug therapy with albendazole.CONCLUSION The sonomorphology of hepatic AE lesions may change over time.The hemangioma-like and pseudocystic patterns are affected.

Population evolution at the prefecture-level city scale in China:Change patterns and spatial correlations

China has entered a new stage of high-quality urbanization.Therefore,it is critical to grasp the latest population distribution and dynamics.Using mean-variance grading,Moran’s index,and the Theil index,this study compared the differences in population changes between 2010–2020 and 2000–2010 at the prefecture-level city scale based on census data to analyze the new trends in population evolution.We found that:(1)New growth poles of the population are inland provincial capitals,forming rapid-growing zones together with coastal urban agglomerations.Population growth in over 60%of the cities in the northern coastal urban agglomeration has slowed.(2)The scope of population loss in inland areas is constantly expanding.In the northeastern part of China,92.7%of the cities have lost population,making this a typical population loss area.(3)Population shrinkage in the northeastern region and growth in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration show diffusion characteristics,while population patterns around the provincial capital are in a polarized stage.(4)The Theil index of population distribution increased,with 83.91%of differences coming from between groups,indicating that the gap between cities of different sizes has further expanded.This study provides scientific support for the coordinated promotion of nearby and remote urbanization.

Characterizing historical(1992–2010) transitions between grassland and cropland in mainland France through mining land-cover survey data

Grassland, as one of the largest ecosystems on the earth, supports various goods and services to humanity.Historically, humans have increased agricultural output primarily by cropland expansion and agricultural intensification.The cropland area was primarily gained at the expense of grassland and forests.Apart from grassland conversion, increasing consumption of calorie- and meat-intensive diets drives the intensification of livestock systems, which is shifting steadily from grazing to feeding with crops.To cope with the environmental degradation due to agriculture, various forms of ‘green payment＇ were implemented to promote the adoption of sustainable farming practices over the last two decades in the European Union.The aim of this study is to monitor the recent transitions（1992–2010） between grassland and cropland during two Common Agricultural Policy（CAP） reforms at the French mainland scale.We proposed an innovative approach to link grassland conversion to agricultural commodities and farming systems practices.We first assessed the grassland-to-cropland conversion and further investigated the crop sequence patterns that were observed to be dominant after the conversion through mining land-cover survey data Teruti and Teruti-Lucas.We found the trends of the transitions between grassland and cropland over the two time intervals： The loss of grassland（1992–2003） and restoration or re-expansion of grassland（2006–2010） in mainland France.Our finding on the crop sequence patterns after the grassland conversion reveals two notable evolutions of agricultural production systems.These evolutions were related to the increase in the proportion of cropland in the total agricultural land use.One evolution was most likely influenced by the demand for fodder： The conversion from grazing livestock to feeding livestock.Another evolution was the conversion from livestock production to field crop production.Our results indicate that the intensification of livestock farming systems continued over the last two decades in France.We conclude that, the approach developed in this study can be considered as a generic method for monitoring the transitions between grassland and cropland and further identifying the crop sequence patterns after the grassland conversion from time-series land cover data.

Context-Aware Change Pattern for Code Transformation

When source code is over-specific to some concrete contexts, developers have to manually change the source code retrieved from the Internet. To solve this problem, we propose the context-aware change pattern（CACP）. For a piece of source code, we extract the changes and changes-relevant context from the past code changes, identifying CACP that is the abstract common part of the changes and context. By using CACP, the retrieved source code could be transformed into the suitable one according to different user needs. From the Github we extracted 7 topics, collected 5-6 code snippets per topic and performed 5 different experiments which illustrated that CACP improves code transformation accuracy by 73.84%.

Laser direct writing pattern structures on AgInSbTe phase change thin film

Different pattern structures are obtained on the AglnSbTe （AIST） phase change film as induced by laser beam. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） was used to observe and analyze the different pattern structures. The AFM photos clearly show the gradually changing process of pattern structures induced by different threshold effects, such as crystallization threshold, microbump threshold, melting threshold, and ablation threshold. The analysis indicates that the AIST material is very effective in the fabrication of pattern structures and can offer relevant guidance for application of the material in the future.

Chinese Family Patterns Undergo Changes

IN China, family patterns change as children get married, have children and the family line continues. Aunt Cheng is a retired teacher. After her husband died, Aunt Cheng continued to live with her unmarried younger son. She got on well with neighbors in the building, who would often see her out walking with her son. One day, she began to furnish their apartment. Her neighbors assumed her

Pattern Of Chinese Car Market To Change

You will be seeing a boom of domestic-made car model change from the endof 1998, probably with the following cars. CA7220 Hongqi (Red Flag) sedan (self designed) FAW Audi C3V6 changing to Audi C5. (by introduced technology)

Reading Patterns Changing

Modern life is changing the way people read April 23 was the 16th World Book and Copyright Day,also known as the World Book Day.Reading-related problems have once again attracted people’s attention.Today,living a life with an increasingly rapid pace,most people