In today’s flood of information,people mainly rely on visual information to recognize brands.Pattern logo design is a representative brand image and directly affects consumers’brand impression and perception.The pur...In today’s flood of information,people mainly rely on visual information to recognize brands.Pattern logo design is a representative brand image and directly affects consumers’brand impression and perception.The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the Li Ning brand and the effect of pattern logo design on the brand image.Specifically,it is to provide practical guidelines for brand management and design by analyzing the effects on brand perception,emotional connection,and consumer behavior.For the scope of the study,seven brands are selected for analysis of famous brand cases at home and abroad.The research method is to design a patterned logo suitable for brand characteristics through literature review,empirical research,and detailed analysis of the overall style characteristics of the current Li Ning brand.The research content first analyzes the role of pattern logo design in terms of brand perception,brand perception,and brand sensitivity.Subsequently,the evolution and effect of the Li Ning brand in logo design are examined,and details are discussed in combination with the color and shape of the logo pattern.Finally,by presenting some suggestions and optimized design plans that fit the characteristics and trends of the Li Ning brand,the brand image and market competitiveness can be improved.According to the research results,first,the color,shape,and other factors of brand pattern logo design are closely related to brand image.Second,pattern logo design has a significant influence on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions.Third,consumers are more interested in the design of a patterned logo with high brand awareness.This study has a certain significance in that it reveals the mechanism by which pattern logo design affects brand image and provides useful ideas and suggestions for brand design and marketing.展开更多
Observability and traceability of developed software are crucial to its success in software engineering.Observability is the ability to comprehend a system’s internal state from the outside.Monitoring is used to dete...Observability and traceability of developed software are crucial to its success in software engineering.Observability is the ability to comprehend a system’s internal state from the outside.Monitoring is used to determine what causes system problems and why.Logs are among the most critical technology to guarantee observability and traceability.Logs are frequently used to investigate software events.In current log technologies,software events are processed independently of each other.Consequently,current logging technologies do not reveal relationships.However,system events do not occur independently of one another.With this perspective,our research has produced a new log design pattern that displays the relationships between events.In the design we have developed,the hash mechanism of blockchain technology enables the display of the logs’relationships.The created design pattern was compared to blockchain technology,demonstrating its performance through scenarios.It has been determined that the recommended log design pattern outperforms blockchain technology in terms of time and space for software engineering observability and traceability.In this context,it is anticipated that the log design pattern we provide will strengthen the methods used to monitor software projects and ensure the traceability of relationships.展开更多
The mechanism of the effects of anisotropic permeability on well patterns and reservoir development are investigated by coordinate transformation, fluid flow analysis, and reservoir development concepts. Anisotropy of...The mechanism of the effects of anisotropic permeability on well patterns and reservoir development are investigated by coordinate transformation, fluid flow analysis, and reservoir development concepts. Anisotropy of permeability has reconstructive effects on well patterns. The originally designed flooding units are broken up, and new pattern units are made up of the wells that belong to different original units. The behavior possesses strong randomness, and leads to a complicated relationship among the injection and production wells, and unpredictable productivity of the formations. To prevent the break-up of well patterns, well lines should be either parallel or perpendicular to the maximum principal direction of the anisotropic permeability (i.e. the fracture direction). To optimize the development effects ofanisotropic formations, the latitudinal and longitudinal well spacing of the well network are calculated from the principal values of the anisotropic permeability.展开更多
This paper focuses on a pattern design method for a 3D triangular garment surface. Firstly, some definitions of 3D style lines are proposed for designing the boundaries of patterns as drawing straight lines or splines...This paper focuses on a pattern design method for a 3D triangular garment surface. Firstly, some definitions of 3D style lines are proposed for designing the boundaries of patterns as drawing straight lines or splines on the triangular surface. Additionally some commonly used style lines are automatically generated to enhance design efficiency. Secondly, after style lines are preprocessed, a searching method is presented for quickly obtaining the boundaries and patches of a pattern on the 3D trian- gular surface. Finally a new pattern design reuse method is introduced by encoding/decoding the style line information. After style lines are encoded, the pattern design information can be saved in a pattern template and when decoding this template on a new garment surface, it automates the pattern generation for made-to-measure apparel products.展开更多
Design patterns are micro architectures that have proved to be reliable, robust and easy to implement. Detecting design pattern from source code of object-oriented system can help a designer, a developer or a maintain...Design patterns are micro architectures that have proved to be reliable, robust and easy to implement. Detecting design pattern from source code of object-oriented system can help a designer, a developer or a maintainer to understand the software system. In this paper, a new method is provided which can detect design patterns from source code combining both static and dynamic analysis. To acquire the run-time dynamic information of software systems, a code instrumentation method is adopted. At the same time, all static and dynamic information is presented in UML diagrams format. The pattern detection process and its detection results are visual and interactive. This method is tested on a call center and a traffic simulation system. Experimental results prove that the method is effective in design patterns detection.展开更多
Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making p...Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy. Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes. This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique. The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future.展开更多
The unceasing change problem of land information systems can be resolved through the refactoring and design pattern. To promote the implementation of design pattern and refactoring methods in developing land informati...The unceasing change problem of land information systems can be resolved through the refactoring and design pattern. To promote the implementation of design pattern and refactoring methods in developing land information systems reusing software design, applying refactoring methods to the abstract factory and decorator design patterns in land information system development is discussed.展开更多
Pattern design and technology play a very important role in the garment industry. In order to improve the level of pattern making and design of the garment industry, a survey was conducted to investigate the industria...Pattern design and technology play a very important role in the garment industry. In order to improve the level of pattern making and design of the garment industry, a survey was conducted to investigate the industrial needs in pattern design and technology in China's Mainland. The data were collected from the employers and employees from the garment industry and students in the major of fashion and clothing studies. It indicated that there was a gap between the employer and employee, especially the requirements of the industrial needs and the course contents covered by the tertiary schools. The employers expected to recruit more experienced pattern designers, at the same time, they were not reluctant to hire fresh graduates and spent more resources on the training of employees. The students knew little about their employment situation of the garment industry, spent too little time on the course study and learned too little practical skills in pattern design. They could not make use of the knowledge which prevented them from being employed by the garment industry. Efforts should be taken by both the tertiary schools and the garment industry. The students should be aspirated towards the profession of pattern cutters and the syllabuses of pattern making should be more practical and industrial orientated. The solution might benefit the garment industry a lot in a long run.展开更多
The identification of design pattern instances is important for program understanding and software maintenance. Aiming at the mining of design patterns in existing systems, this paper proposes a subgraph isomorphism a...The identification of design pattern instances is important for program understanding and software maintenance. Aiming at the mining of design patterns in existing systems, this paper proposes a subgraph isomorphism approach to discover several design patterns in a legacy system at a time. The attributed relational graph is used to describe design patterns and legacy systems. The sub-graph isomorphism approach consists of decomposition and composition process. During the decomposition process, graphs corresponding to the design patterns are decomposed into sub-graphs, some of which are graphs corresponding to the elemental design patterns. The composition process tries to get sub-graph isomorphism of the matched graph if sub-graph isomorphism of each subgraph is obtained. Due to the common structures between design patterns, the proposed approach can reduce the matching times of entities and relations. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed algorithm is not linearly dependent on the number of design pattern graphs. Key words design pattern mining - attributed relational graph - subgraph isomorphism CLC number TP 311.5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60273075) and the Science Foundation of Naval University of Engineering (HGDJJ03019)Biography: LI Qing-hua (1940-), male, Professor, research direction: parallel computing.展开更多
Traditional fractal pattern design has some disadvantages such as inability to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture. We propose a novel pattern design technique combining fractal geometr...Traditional fractal pattern design has some disadvantages such as inability to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture. We propose a novel pattern design technique combining fractal geometry and image texture synthesis to solve these problems. We have improved Wei and Levoy (2000)’s texture synthesis algorithm by first using two-dimensional autocorrelation function to analyze the structure and distribution of textures, and then determining the size of L neighborhood. Several special fractal sets were adopted and HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Light) color space was chosen. The fractal structure was used to manipulate the texture synthesis in HSL color space where the pattern’s color can be adjusted conveniently. Experiments showed that patterns with different styles and different color characteristics can be more efficiently generated using the new technique.展开更多
With the ever-growing number of base stations(BSs)and user equipments(UEs)in ultra-dense networks(UDN),reusing the same pilot sequences among the cells is inevitable.With pilot reuse scheme,the channel estimation obta...With the ever-growing number of base stations(BSs)and user equipments(UEs)in ultra-dense networks(UDN),reusing the same pilot sequences among the cells is inevitable.With pilot reuse scheme,the channel estimation obtained at a BS contains not only the desired channel-state information(CSI)but also interference from neighboring cells,which can severely degrade CSI estimation performance and adversely affect communication performance.In this paper we consider a pilot contamination avoidance based on pilot pattern design for UDN where the pilot reuse employed and the interfering users from neighboring cells may be not at lower power levels at the BS compared to the in-cell users.We present a novel statistical interference model of sub-carriers to describe the non-deterministic interference from neighboring cells.Then,we provide a pilot pattern design model with non-uniform pilot distribution.Based on this,a pilot contamination avoidance based on pilot pattern design is proposed where pilot reuse scheme and the non-deterministic interference from neighboring cells are taken into consideration.Unlike existing interference mitigation approaches,the proposed method eliminates interference through the method of interference avoidance and can be applied to different kinds of channel estimation algorithms.Simulation results showed that the proposed approach can effectively avoid the interference and ensure the accuracy of channel estimation.展开更多
This article discusses the disadvantages of current computer aided garment design system first, and then brings forward the frame of intelligent garment design system. Based on the analysis of the structure of the int...This article discusses the disadvantages of current computer aided garment design system first, and then brings forward the frame of intelligent garment design system. Based on the analysis of the structure of the intelligent system, it is pointed out that the intelligent pattern design system is the most important module of the whole system. The use of an expert system to realize the intelligent pattern design system is then proposed and the key technique of the system is discussed at last.展开更多
A new method for patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs' luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complic...A new method for patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs' luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complicated, and the effect of complicated geometrical features is almost impossible to study systematically by experiments only. By employing our new method, the influence of pattern parameters can be systematically studied, and various novel patterns are designed and optimized within a reasonable time span, with great improvement in LEDs' light extraction efficiency (LEE). Clearly, PSS pattern design with such a method deserves particular attention. We foresee that GaN-based LEDs on these newly designed PSSs will achieve more progress in the coming years.展开更多
Complex conditional statement is one of the bad code smells, which affects the quality of the code and design of software. In the proposed approach, two commonly-used design patterns for handling complex conditional s...Complex conditional statement is one of the bad code smells, which affects the quality of the code and design of software. In the proposed approach, two commonly-used design patterns for handling complex conditional statements are selected, and they are the factory method pattern and the strategy pattem. Two pattern-directed refactoring approaches based on the two design patterns are proposed. Each approach contains a refactoring opportunities identification algorithm and an automated refactoring algorithm. After parsing the abstract syntax tree generated from source code, the refactoring opportunities are identified effectively and automatically. Then, for candidate code, refactoring algorithms are executed automatically, which are used to simplify or remove complex conditional statements. By empirical analysis and quality assessment, the code after refactoring has better maintainability and extensibility, and the proposed approach for automated pattern-directed refactoring succeeds to reduce code size and complexity of classes.展开更多
Design pattern enables software architecture generality and reusability, but which depresses the high performance. The pattern specialization was built on partial evaluation technology to reduce the overheads of desig...Design pattern enables software architecture generality and reusability, but which depresses the high performance. The pattern specialization was built on partial evaluation technology to reduce the overheads of design pattern. The design patterns were classified to extract the common features, and the corresponding pattern specializations were constructed. In the pattern specialization, the optimization opportunities were identified, and the specialization methods and conditions were described. The syntax of binding time analysis was defined, and the semantic depicted the invariant of usage context. The virtual invocation and dispatch were eliminated, which enhances the running efficiency. This pattern specialization is a high-level specialization for improving the performance of software aimed at design level that is orthogonal with the low-level code optimization.展开更多
After discussing the reflective method of structure and behavior in the State design pattern based on Role Object pattern and the Reflective pattern of software architecture, this paper proposes a reflective state pat...After discussing the reflective method of structure and behavior in the State design pattern based on Role Object pattern and the Reflective pattern of software architecture, this paper proposes a reflective state pattern with dynamic constructiveness. This paper explains the meta level and the base level, which are two levels of this pattern, and specifies the relation of two levels by using Meta Object Protocol (MOP). Then it discusses mechanism of interception and reification for reflecting base object from Meta object. Finally this paper gives an example of network server for applying the Reflective State pattern.展开更多
To achieve the purpose of applying design patterns which are various in ldnd and constant in changing in MDA from idea and application, one way is used to solve the problem of pattern disappearance which occurs at the...To achieve the purpose of applying design patterns which are various in ldnd and constant in changing in MDA from idea and application, one way is used to solve the problem of pattern disappearance which occurs at the process of pattern instantiation, to guarantee the independence of patterns, and at the same time, to apply this process to multiple design pattems. To solve these two problons, the modeling method of design pattern traits based on meta-models is adopted, i.e., to divide the basic operations into atoms in the metamodel tier and then combine the atoms to complete design pattem units meta-models withtout business logic. After one process of conversion, the purpose of making up various pattem traits meta-model and dividing business logic and pattern logic is achieved.展开更多
Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from...Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from life, and needs to solve the problem of the material world and spiritual world. People improve the living environment and life quality through interior designs. The style of design depends on the geographical features and various cultures, which refi ects the artistic features and personality. The development history of modern architecture and interior design shows that the style of interior design is an important part of the whole architectural style, which reffects the design features of the whole building. Therefore, interior design and outdoor design should be in harmony. The orientation and characteristics of interior design determine the necessity of the style reforms. The future development trend of interior development may have the following characteristics humanism, green design, nationalization, intelligence and regionalization.展开更多
With the rapid development of animation design and other computer science techniques, the application of computer based design pattern is urgently appreciated. In this paper, we conduct research on the similarities an...With the rapid development of animation design and other computer science techniques, the application of computer based design pattern is urgently appreciated. In this paper, we conduct research on the similarities and differences between Flash ActionScript based animation design technique and traditional design pattern. Current computer animation technology has developed rapidly at home and abroad, in the production of 2D and 3D animation, creating many new methods, new technology, using the computer aided animation in different degree to replace the manual animation technology, computerized gradually. We could significantly conclude from the user interface and the sample example of the pattern of computer based animation design. In the future, we plan to research more to touch the latest techniques related to flash technique.展开更多
In the paper, we conduct research on the development trend of art design patterns under the perspectives of interaction design and visual reconstruction. With the increasing of people’s living standard, people on the...In the paper, we conduct research on the development trend of art design patterns under the perspectives of interaction design and visual reconstruction. With the increasing of people’s living standard, people on the industrial product requirements are constantly increasing, industrial products have gradually become to meet people’s life comfortable, functional, aesthetic and cultural history of the pursuit of all kinds of needs and the carrier of many connotations it is because of these changes in art design. In this paper, we integrate the Bauhaus’ idea to construct the new idea of constructing the interaction design and visual reconstruction. To note here that includes both the facts to the reality of the fact that also includes the artistic truth, or “virtual reality experience such as writer”, sequence of works of art, etc., and the former is an artist biography, the object of art history. With these basis and references, we propose the new idea on the issues. The result is satisfactory.展开更多
文摘In today’s flood of information,people mainly rely on visual information to recognize brands.Pattern logo design is a representative brand image and directly affects consumers’brand impression and perception.The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the Li Ning brand and the effect of pattern logo design on the brand image.Specifically,it is to provide practical guidelines for brand management and design by analyzing the effects on brand perception,emotional connection,and consumer behavior.For the scope of the study,seven brands are selected for analysis of famous brand cases at home and abroad.The research method is to design a patterned logo suitable for brand characteristics through literature review,empirical research,and detailed analysis of the overall style characteristics of the current Li Ning brand.The research content first analyzes the role of pattern logo design in terms of brand perception,brand perception,and brand sensitivity.Subsequently,the evolution and effect of the Li Ning brand in logo design are examined,and details are discussed in combination with the color and shape of the logo pattern.Finally,by presenting some suggestions and optimized design plans that fit the characteristics and trends of the Li Ning brand,the brand image and market competitiveness can be improved.According to the research results,first,the color,shape,and other factors of brand pattern logo design are closely related to brand image.Second,pattern logo design has a significant influence on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions.Third,consumers are more interested in the design of a patterned logo with high brand awareness.This study has a certain significance in that it reveals the mechanism by which pattern logo design affects brand image and provides useful ideas and suggestions for brand design and marketing.
文摘Observability and traceability of developed software are crucial to its success in software engineering.Observability is the ability to comprehend a system’s internal state from the outside.Monitoring is used to determine what causes system problems and why.Logs are among the most critical technology to guarantee observability and traceability.Logs are frequently used to investigate software events.In current log technologies,software events are processed independently of each other.Consequently,current logging technologies do not reveal relationships.However,system events do not occur independently of one another.With this perspective,our research has produced a new log design pattern that displays the relationships between events.In the design we have developed,the hash mechanism of blockchain technology enables the display of the logs’relationships.The created design pattern was compared to blockchain technology,demonstrating its performance through scenarios.It has been determined that the recommended log design pattern outperforms blockchain technology in terms of time and space for software engineering observability and traceability.In this context,it is anticipated that the log design pattern we provide will strengthen the methods used to monitor software projects and ensure the traceability of relationships.
文摘The mechanism of the effects of anisotropic permeability on well patterns and reservoir development are investigated by coordinate transformation, fluid flow analysis, and reservoir development concepts. Anisotropy of permeability has reconstructive effects on well patterns. The originally designed flooding units are broken up, and new pattern units are made up of the wells that belong to different original units. The behavior possesses strong randomness, and leads to a complicated relationship among the injection and production wells, and unpredictable productivity of the formations. To prevent the break-up of well patterns, well lines should be either parallel or perpendicular to the maximum principal direction of the anisotropic permeability (i.e. the fracture direction). To optimize the development effects ofanisotropic formations, the latitudinal and longitudinal well spacing of the well network are calculated from the principal values of the anisotropic permeability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60473129)the Ph.D Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20060335118)
文摘This paper focuses on a pattern design method for a 3D triangular garment surface. Firstly, some definitions of 3D style lines are proposed for designing the boundaries of patterns as drawing straight lines or splines on the triangular surface. Additionally some commonly used style lines are automatically generated to enhance design efficiency. Secondly, after style lines are preprocessed, a searching method is presented for quickly obtaining the boundaries and patches of a pattern on the 3D trian- gular surface. Finally a new pattern design reuse method is introduced by encoding/decoding the style line information. After style lines are encoded, the pattern design information can be saved in a pattern template and when decoding this template on a new garment surface, it automates the pattern generation for made-to-measure apparel products.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60473063)
文摘Design patterns are micro architectures that have proved to be reliable, robust and easy to implement. Detecting design pattern from source code of object-oriented system can help a designer, a developer or a maintainer to understand the software system. In this paper, a new method is provided which can detect design patterns from source code combining both static and dynamic analysis. To acquire the run-time dynamic information of software systems, a code instrumentation method is adopted. At the same time, all static and dynamic information is presented in UML diagrams format. The pattern detection process and its detection results are visual and interactive. This method is tested on a call center and a traffic simulation system. Experimental results prove that the method is effective in design patterns detection.
基金This Research is Supported by the Tuition Scholarship from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
文摘Due to different cultural and historical background, the technology in Western and Eastern pattern design is inherently different. Along with the development of technology, garment pattern design technique is making progress towards high effectiveness and accuracy. Many researchers proposed different alternative methodologies to improve the current pattern making processes. This article examines the development of Western and Eastern garment pattern design technique. The main objective of this article is to provide a thorough review and hence a better understanding to those researchers who made contribution on developing pattern design technique and continue their work in the future.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40671122, No.40671130) and the National Key Developing Program for Basic Sciences of China (No.2006CB701302).
文摘The unceasing change problem of land information systems can be resolved through the refactoring and design pattern. To promote the implementation of design pattern and refactoring methods in developing land information systems reusing software design, applying refactoring methods to the abstract factory and decorator design patterns in land information system development is discussed.
文摘Pattern design and technology play a very important role in the garment industry. In order to improve the level of pattern making and design of the garment industry, a survey was conducted to investigate the industrial needs in pattern design and technology in China's Mainland. The data were collected from the employers and employees from the garment industry and students in the major of fashion and clothing studies. It indicated that there was a gap between the employer and employee, especially the requirements of the industrial needs and the course contents covered by the tertiary schools. The employers expected to recruit more experienced pattern designers, at the same time, they were not reluctant to hire fresh graduates and spent more resources on the training of employees. The students knew little about their employment situation of the garment industry, spent too little time on the course study and learned too little practical skills in pattern design. They could not make use of the knowledge which prevented them from being employed by the garment industry. Efforts should be taken by both the tertiary schools and the garment industry. The students should be aspirated towards the profession of pattern cutters and the syllabuses of pattern making should be more practical and industrial orientated. The solution might benefit the garment industry a lot in a long run.
文摘The identification of design pattern instances is important for program understanding and software maintenance. Aiming at the mining of design patterns in existing systems, this paper proposes a subgraph isomorphism approach to discover several design patterns in a legacy system at a time. The attributed relational graph is used to describe design patterns and legacy systems. The sub-graph isomorphism approach consists of decomposition and composition process. During the decomposition process, graphs corresponding to the design patterns are decomposed into sub-graphs, some of which are graphs corresponding to the elemental design patterns. The composition process tries to get sub-graph isomorphism of the matched graph if sub-graph isomorphism of each subgraph is obtained. Due to the common structures between design patterns, the proposed approach can reduce the matching times of entities and relations. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed algorithm is not linearly dependent on the number of design pattern graphs. Key words design pattern mining - attributed relational graph - subgraph isomorphism CLC number TP 311.5 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60273075) and the Science Foundation of Naval University of Engineering (HGDJJ03019)Biography: LI Qing-hua (1940-), male, Professor, research direction: parallel computing.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. M603228), Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan Project, and Ningbo Science Foundation for Doctor, China
文摘Traditional fractal pattern design has some disadvantages such as inability to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture. We propose a novel pattern design technique combining fractal geometry and image texture synthesis to solve these problems. We have improved Wei and Levoy (2000)’s texture synthesis algorithm by first using two-dimensional autocorrelation function to analyze the structure and distribution of textures, and then determining the size of L neighborhood. Several special fractal sets were adopted and HSL (Hue, Saturation, and Light) color space was chosen. The fractal structure was used to manipulate the texture synthesis in HSL color space where the pattern’s color can be adjusted conveniently. Experiments showed that patterns with different styles and different color characteristics can be more efficiently generated using the new technique.
基金This work was supported in part by the Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology under Grant cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0233in part by Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China under Grant KJQN201901125,Grant KJQN201901103in part by the Scientific Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Technology under Grant 2019ZD42,Grant 2019ZD63.
文摘With the ever-growing number of base stations(BSs)and user equipments(UEs)in ultra-dense networks(UDN),reusing the same pilot sequences among the cells is inevitable.With pilot reuse scheme,the channel estimation obtained at a BS contains not only the desired channel-state information(CSI)but also interference from neighboring cells,which can severely degrade CSI estimation performance and adversely affect communication performance.In this paper we consider a pilot contamination avoidance based on pilot pattern design for UDN where the pilot reuse employed and the interfering users from neighboring cells may be not at lower power levels at the BS compared to the in-cell users.We present a novel statistical interference model of sub-carriers to describe the non-deterministic interference from neighboring cells.Then,we provide a pilot pattern design model with non-uniform pilot distribution.Based on this,a pilot contamination avoidance based on pilot pattern design is proposed where pilot reuse scheme and the non-deterministic interference from neighboring cells are taken into consideration.Unlike existing interference mitigation approaches,the proposed method eliminates interference through the method of interference avoidance and can be applied to different kinds of channel estimation algorithms.Simulation results showed that the proposed approach can effectively avoid the interference and ensure the accuracy of channel estimation.
文摘This article discusses the disadvantages of current computer aided garment design system first, and then brings forward the frame of intelligent garment design system. Based on the analysis of the structure of the intelligent system, it is pointed out that the intelligent pattern design system is the most important module of the whole system. The use of an expert system to realize the intelligent pattern design system is then proposed and the key technique of the system is discussed at last.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Fundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China(Grant No.51422203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51372001)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Guangdong Scientific Committee(Grant No.S2013050013882)the Strategic Special Funds for LEDs of Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.2011A081301010,2011A081301012,2012A080302002,and 2012A080302004)
文摘A new method for patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) design is developed and proven to be reliable and cost-effective. As progress is made with LEDs' luminous efficiency, the pattern units of PSS become more complicated, and the effect of complicated geometrical features is almost impossible to study systematically by experiments only. By employing our new method, the influence of pattern parameters can be systematically studied, and various novel patterns are designed and optimized within a reasonable time span, with great improvement in LEDs' light extraction efficiency (LEE). Clearly, PSS pattern design with such a method deserves particular attention. We foresee that GaN-based LEDs on these newly designed PSSs will achieve more progress in the coming years.
文摘Complex conditional statement is one of the bad code smells, which affects the quality of the code and design of software. In the proposed approach, two commonly-used design patterns for handling complex conditional statements are selected, and they are the factory method pattern and the strategy pattem. Two pattern-directed refactoring approaches based on the two design patterns are proposed. Each approach contains a refactoring opportunities identification algorithm and an automated refactoring algorithm. After parsing the abstract syntax tree generated from source code, the refactoring opportunities are identified effectively and automatically. Then, for candidate code, refactoring algorithms are executed automatically, which are used to simplify or remove complex conditional statements. By empirical analysis and quality assessment, the code after refactoring has better maintainability and extensibility, and the proposed approach for automated pattern-directed refactoring succeeds to reduce code size and complexity of classes.
基金The National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program ( 863 )of China ( No2004AA104280)The Shanghai Grand Project of Science and Technology Commissionof Shanghai Municipality (No05DZ15005)
文摘Design pattern enables software architecture generality and reusability, but which depresses the high performance. The pattern specialization was built on partial evaluation technology to reduce the overheads of design pattern. The design patterns were classified to extract the common features, and the corresponding pattern specializations were constructed. In the pattern specialization, the optimization opportunities were identified, and the specialization methods and conditions were described. The syntax of binding time analysis was defined, and the semantic depicted the invariant of usage context. The virtual invocation and dispatch were eliminated, which enhances the running efficiency. This pattern specialization is a high-level specialization for improving the performance of software aimed at design level that is orthogonal with the low-level code optimization.
基金The research wsa supported in part by the Middleware Software Division of Software Group of Fujitsu L imited inJapantechnolo
文摘After discussing the reflective method of structure and behavior in the State design pattern based on Role Object pattern and the Reflective pattern of software architecture, this paper proposes a reflective state pattern with dynamic constructiveness. This paper explains the meta level and the base level, which are two levels of this pattern, and specifies the relation of two levels by using Meta Object Protocol (MOP). Then it discusses mechanism of interception and reification for reflecting base object from Meta object. Finally this paper gives an example of network server for applying the Reflective State pattern.
文摘To achieve the purpose of applying design patterns which are various in ldnd and constant in changing in MDA from idea and application, one way is used to solve the problem of pattern disappearance which occurs at the process of pattern instantiation, to guarantee the independence of patterns, and at the same time, to apply this process to multiple design pattems. To solve these two problons, the modeling method of design pattern traits based on meta-models is adopted, i.e., to divide the basic operations into atoms in the metamodel tier and then combine the atoms to complete design pattem units meta-models withtout business logic. After one process of conversion, the purpose of making up various pattem traits meta-model and dividing business logic and pattern logic is achieved.
文摘Interior is the main space of human activities, which is an important part of human life and design activities, and is the link between spiritual civilization and material civilization. Interior design originates from life, and needs to solve the problem of the material world and spiritual world. People improve the living environment and life quality through interior designs. The style of design depends on the geographical features and various cultures, which refi ects the artistic features and personality. The development history of modern architecture and interior design shows that the style of interior design is an important part of the whole architectural style, which reffects the design features of the whole building. Therefore, interior design and outdoor design should be in harmony. The orientation and characteristics of interior design determine the necessity of the style reforms. The future development trend of interior development may have the following characteristics humanism, green design, nationalization, intelligence and regionalization.
文摘With the rapid development of animation design and other computer science techniques, the application of computer based design pattern is urgently appreciated. In this paper, we conduct research on the similarities and differences between Flash ActionScript based animation design technique and traditional design pattern. Current computer animation technology has developed rapidly at home and abroad, in the production of 2D and 3D animation, creating many new methods, new technology, using the computer aided animation in different degree to replace the manual animation technology, computerized gradually. We could significantly conclude from the user interface and the sample example of the pattern of computer based animation design. In the future, we plan to research more to touch the latest techniques related to flash technique.
文摘In the paper, we conduct research on the development trend of art design patterns under the perspectives of interaction design and visual reconstruction. With the increasing of people’s living standard, people on the industrial product requirements are constantly increasing, industrial products have gradually become to meet people’s life comfortable, functional, aesthetic and cultural history of the pursuit of all kinds of needs and the carrier of many connotations it is because of these changes in art design. In this paper, we integrate the Bauhaus’ idea to construct the new idea of constructing the interaction design and visual reconstruction. To note here that includes both the facts to the reality of the fact that also includes the artistic truth, or “virtual reality experience such as writer”, sequence of works of art, etc., and the former is an artist biography, the object of art history. With these basis and references, we propose the new idea on the issues. The result is satisfactory.