Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identificatio...Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identification,which provided later generations with a theoretical basis for the treatment of Exogenous Febrile Diseases.The coronavirus disease 2019 belongs to the category of“Pestilence”(the general term for virulent infectious epidemic diseases)in“Febrile Diseases”(the general term for acute externally contracted diseases caused by Warm Pathogens,with fever as the chief manifestation,also known as Warm Diseases)and the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 is mostly based on the Triple Energizer Pattern Identification(the a categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Triple Energizer)or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification(the categorization of Febrile Diseases Pattern Identification according to the theory of Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood which indicates the stages of the clinical course with corresponding pathological changes).Although the theory of Cold-induced Diseases(the condition caused by Cold,manifested as chills and fever,absence of sweating,headache and floating-tense pulse)and the theory of Febrile Disease seem to be entirely distinct with each other,Zhongjing Zhang’s theory contained Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification,and Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification also contained Zhongjing Zhang’s Six-Meridian Pattern Identification(the categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Six Meridians,applied to the diagnosis of acute Febrile Diseases at different stages,and also useful for the Pattern Identification of other diseases).The basic principles and therapeutic methods of Cold-induced Diseases and Febrile Diseases are intertwined.Therefore,this paper will combine the two theories to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019,and try to use Six-Meridian Pattern Identification to guide the treatment of this disease.展开更多
[目的]基于数据挖掘方法分析中医内治掌跖脓疱病的处方用药规律。[方法]检索中国知识基础设施工程数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台数据库(Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform)、中...[目的]基于数据挖掘方法分析中医内治掌跖脓疱病的处方用药规律。[方法]检索中国知识基础设施工程数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台数据库(Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform)、中文科技期刊数据库(China Science and Technology Journal Database)、中国生物医学文献数据库(China Biology Medicine disc,CBMdisc)自建库至2023年6月关于掌跖脓疱病的中医治疗文献,筛选符合纳入标准的处方,进行标准化处理,采取药物功效归类、频次分析、性味归经分析,以及关联规则分析、熵聚类分析的方法进行数据挖掘,分析用药规律。[结果]掌跖脓疱病的中医内治多选用清热解毒、清热凉血、清热燥湿类药物;最高频出现的中药为土茯苓、生地黄、甘草;性味归经以味苦、性寒,归肝胃二经为主;用药模式关联规则分析中,频次较高的前三位为“生地黄-牡丹皮”“土茯苓-甘草”“金银花-连翘”;组合模式规则分析中,“牡丹皮→生地黄”“连翘→金银花”“白鲜皮→土茯苓”置信度较高;基于熵聚类方剂组方规律分析获得28个潜在核心组合及14个新方。[结论]中医内治掌跖脓疱病常以清热祛湿为立法核心,选苦寒之药,归经以肝胃二经为主。处方中土茯苓、生地黄的运用,关联配伍中生地黄与牡丹皮、土茯苓与白鲜皮、金银花与连翘的使用极具临床及科研价值。挖掘数据中潜在的、隐性的药物组方规律,可推导出祛湿热兼凉血解毒的核心组合,为中医内治掌跖脓疱病的临床研究与遣方用药提供参考。展开更多
Objective: To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: Sixty patients with MDS were randomly an...Objective: To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels (low, moderate and high risks) with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill (左归丸) and Yougui Pill (右归丸) for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction (清瘟败毒饮) and Bazhen Decoction (八珍汤) for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction (膈下逐瘀汤) and Qinghao Biejia Decoction (青蒿鳖甲汤) combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction (十全大补汤 ) for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34) of each group were analyzed. Results: The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients (P=0.029), there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients (P=0.089). The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Conclusions: It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification in addition to conventional therapy. Since the treatment may inhibit the malignant clones and improve the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation, it is a feasible option in clinical practice.展开更多
On 20 January, 2015, U.S. President Obama announced an ambitious plan called "Precision Medicine (PM) Initiative", aiming to deliver genetics- based medical treatments. PM has shown a promising prospect by tailori...On 20 January, 2015, U.S. President Obama announced an ambitious plan called "Precision Medicine (PM) Initiative", aiming to deliver genetics- based medical treatments. PM has shown a promising prospect by tailoring disease treatments and preventions to individuals. However, a predominantly genetics-based method restricts its benefit and applicability in most chronic and complex diseases. Pattern identification (PI) is one of the representative characteristics of Chinese medicine implying the concept of holism and individualized treatment. It is another classification method taking environmental, psychosocial and other individual factors into account. Integrating PI with disease diagnosis of Western medicine will provide a strong complement to genetics-based PM, thus establish an integrative model for individualized medicine. PI provides new perspectives for PM, not only in clinical practice, but also in new drug development and clinical trial design. It is for sure that the integrative approach will ultimately lead to a safer, more convenient and effective patient-centered healthcare and most patients will benefit in the era of PM.展开更多
A symposium on pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM)on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South Korea.This symposium was convened to provide information on the current researc...A symposium on pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM)on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South Korea.This symposium was convened to provide information on the current research in PI as well as suggest future research directions.The participants discussed the nature of PI,possible research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.With eight presentations and an extensive panel discussion,the symposium allowed participants to discuss research methods in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented the topic,'Clinical pattern differentiation and contemporary research in PI.'Two speakers presented current trends in research on blood stasis while the remaining five other delegates discussed the research methods and future directions of PI research.The participants engaged in in-depth discussions regarding the nature of PI,potential research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.展开更多
The School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong has organized the 7th Pong Ding Yuen International Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine cum the 10th Anniversary of the Full-time Bachelor of Chinese Me...The School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong has organized the 7th Pong Ding Yuen International Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine cum the 10th Anniversary of the Full-time Bachelor of Chinese Medicine Programme on 1 December, 2012, and 2 December, 2012, in Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong.展开更多
An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI) was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1, 2013 in Daejeon, South Korea. This brainstorming session was conv...An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI) was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1, 2013 in Daejeon, South Korea. This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization. With eight presentations and discussion sessions, the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI. One speaker presented a talk titled "The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome: implications for standardization of PI". Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research. Later, participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI. They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.展开更多
Pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine (CM). CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient's symptoms and signs. Pattern identification (PI) is used to diagnose,...Pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine (CM). CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient's symptoms and signs. Pattern identification (PI) is used to diagnose, direct the treatment principle and determine the treatment protocol. Most CM research has used fixed formula treatments for Western-defined diseases with outcomes measured using objective biomedical markers. This article presents an innovative method used in a randomised controlled pilot study using acupuncture for participants with hepatitis C virus. Each participant's CM patterns were identified and quantified at baseline which directed the treatment protocol for the treatment group. Data identified that while each participant expressed different patterns at baseline all participants displayed multiple patterns. Six patterns showed some expression by all 16 participants; Liver (Gan) yin vacuity expressing a group aggregate mean percentage of 47.2, binding depression of Liver qi 46.9, and Liver Kidney (Shen) yin vacuity 45.1. Further sub category gender grouping revealed that pattern ranking changed with gender; Liver yin vacuity (male 53.4%, female 51.93%), binding depression of Liver qi (male 50.0%, female 42.86%) and Liver Kidney yin vacuity (male 42.9%, female 47.96%). The quantification of CM patterns described in this article permitted statistical evaluation of presenting CM patterns. Although this methodology is in its infancy it may have potential use in the integration of PI with rigorous evidence based clinical research. Biomedical markers often do not relate to symptom/signs and therefore this innovative measure may offer an additional CM evaluation methodology and further CM PI understanding.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification(PI), and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures(SOPs) were enhanced by using a diagn...Objective: To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification(PI), and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures(SOPs) were enhanced by using a diagnostic flowchart. Methods: A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. Results: The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators(for al patients) and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from "poor"(κ=–0.051) to "good"(κ=0.968). The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from –0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators(for the subjects) general y ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from –0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was general y high for al of the indicators and ranged from "moderate"(AC1=0.408) to "excel ent"(AC1=0.996). Conclusions: In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency(e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used), it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training.(Trial registration No. KCT0000916)展开更多
文摘Zhongjing Zhang’s Shang Han Lun(Treatise on Cold-induced Diseases,an ancient Chinese medical book written by Zhongjing Zhang in the Eastern Han Dynasty)was pioneering to conduct the Six-Meridian Pattern Identification,which provided later generations with a theoretical basis for the treatment of Exogenous Febrile Diseases.The coronavirus disease 2019 belongs to the category of“Pestilence”(the general term for virulent infectious epidemic diseases)in“Febrile Diseases”(the general term for acute externally contracted diseases caused by Warm Pathogens,with fever as the chief manifestation,also known as Warm Diseases)and the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 is mostly based on the Triple Energizer Pattern Identification(the a categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Triple Energizer)or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification(the categorization of Febrile Diseases Pattern Identification according to the theory of Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood which indicates the stages of the clinical course with corresponding pathological changes).Although the theory of Cold-induced Diseases(the condition caused by Cold,manifested as chills and fever,absence of sweating,headache and floating-tense pulse)and the theory of Febrile Disease seem to be entirely distinct with each other,Zhongjing Zhang’s theory contained Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense,Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification,and Triple Energizer Pattern Identification or Defense Qi,Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification also contained Zhongjing Zhang’s Six-Meridian Pattern Identification(the categorization of Pattern Identification according to the theory of the Six Meridians,applied to the diagnosis of acute Febrile Diseases at different stages,and also useful for the Pattern Identification of other diseases).The basic principles and therapeutic methods of Cold-induced Diseases and Febrile Diseases are intertwined.Therefore,this paper will combine the two theories to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019,and try to use Six-Meridian Pattern Identification to guide the treatment of this disease.
文摘[目的]基于数据挖掘方法分析中医内治掌跖脓疱病的处方用药规律。[方法]检索中国知识基础设施工程数据库(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台数据库(Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform)、中文科技期刊数据库(China Science and Technology Journal Database)、中国生物医学文献数据库(China Biology Medicine disc,CBMdisc)自建库至2023年6月关于掌跖脓疱病的中医治疗文献,筛选符合纳入标准的处方,进行标准化处理,采取药物功效归类、频次分析、性味归经分析,以及关联规则分析、熵聚类分析的方法进行数据挖掘,分析用药规律。[结果]掌跖脓疱病的中医内治多选用清热解毒、清热凉血、清热燥湿类药物;最高频出现的中药为土茯苓、生地黄、甘草;性味归经以味苦、性寒,归肝胃二经为主;用药模式关联规则分析中,频次较高的前三位为“生地黄-牡丹皮”“土茯苓-甘草”“金银花-连翘”;组合模式规则分析中,“牡丹皮→生地黄”“连翘→金银花”“白鲜皮→土茯苓”置信度较高;基于熵聚类方剂组方规律分析获得28个潜在核心组合及14个新方。[结论]中医内治掌跖脓疱病常以清热祛湿为立法核心,选苦寒之药,归经以肝胃二经为主。处方中土茯苓、生地黄的运用,关联配伍中生地黄与牡丹皮、土茯苓与白鲜皮、金银花与连翘的使用极具临床及科研价值。挖掘数据中潜在的、隐性的药物组方规律,可推导出祛湿热兼凉血解毒的核心组合,为中医内治掌跖脓疱病的临床研究与遣方用药提供参考。
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Youth Talent Program(No.2012ZQ010),China
文摘Objective: To observe the influence of treatment based on Chinese medicine pattem identification on cellular immunophenotype of the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: Sixty patients with MDS were randomly and equally assigned to the treatment group and the control group using a randomized digital table. Thirty patients in each group included 3 risk levels (low, moderate and high risks) with each level 10 patients according to the international prognostic scoring system. The control group was given conventional therapy which was also used in the treatment group. While the treatment group was given Zuogui Pill (左归丸) and Yougui Pill (右归丸) for low risk patients; Qingwen Baidu Decoction (清瘟败毒饮) and Bazhen Decoction (八珍汤) for moderate risk patients; Gexia Zhuyu Decoction (膈下逐瘀汤) and Qinghao Biejia Decoction (青蒿鳖甲汤) combined with Shiquan Dabu Decoction (十全大补汤 ) for high risk patients. After the treatment, the differences of overatl response rate and immunophenotype (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33 and CD34) of each group were analyzed. Results: The overall response rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group in low risk and moderate risk patients (P=0.029), there was no statistical differences of overall response rate between the treatment group and the control group in high risk patients (P=0.089). The expressions of CD13, CD14, CD33 and CD34 in all three risk levels of the treatment group were obviously decreased after the treatment, while CD15 in all three risk levels of the treatment group was obviously increased after the treatment (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Meanwhile, the difference values of CD13 and CD33 in low risk level of the treatment group, CD33 and CD34 in moderate risk level of the treatment group as well as CD34 and CD15 in high risk level of the treatment group, were all greater than the control groups and they were statistically significant (P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Conclusions: It shows a better therapeutic effect if the MDS patients treated with Chinese medicine pattern identification in addition to conventional therapy. Since the treatment may inhibit the malignant clones and improve the dysmaturity of granulocyte differentiation, it is a feasible option in clinical practice.
文摘On 20 January, 2015, U.S. President Obama announced an ambitious plan called "Precision Medicine (PM) Initiative", aiming to deliver genetics- based medical treatments. PM has shown a promising prospect by tailoring disease treatments and preventions to individuals. However, a predominantly genetics-based method restricts its benefit and applicability in most chronic and complex diseases. Pattern identification (PI) is one of the representative characteristics of Chinese medicine implying the concept of holism and individualized treatment. It is another classification method taking environmental, psychosocial and other individual factors into account. Integrating PI with disease diagnosis of Western medicine will provide a strong complement to genetics-based PM, thus establish an integrative model for individualized medicine. PI provides new perspectives for PM, not only in clinical practice, but also in new drug development and clinical trial design. It is for sure that the integrative approach will ultimately lead to a safer, more convenient and effective patient-centered healthcare and most patients will benefit in the era of PM.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (K13130 and K13281)
文摘A symposium on pattern identification(PI)was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM)on October 2,2013,in Daejeon,South Korea.This symposium was convened to provide information on the current research in PI as well as suggest future research directions.The participants discussed the nature of PI,possible research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.With eight presentations and an extensive panel discussion,the symposium allowed participants to discuss research methods in traditional medicine for PI.One speaker presented the topic,'Clinical pattern differentiation and contemporary research in PI.'Two speakers presented current trends in research on blood stasis while the remaining five other delegates discussed the research methods and future directions of PI research.The participants engaged in in-depth discussions regarding the nature of PI,potential research questions,strategies and future international collaborations in pattern research.
文摘The School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong has organized the 7th Pong Ding Yuen International Symposium on Traditional Chinese Medicine cum the 10th Anniversary of the Full-time Bachelor of Chinese Medicine Programme on 1 December, 2012, and 2 December, 2012, in Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong.
文摘An international brainstorming session on standardizing pattern identification(PI) was held at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine on October 1, 2013 in Daejeon, South Korea. This brainstorming session was convened to gather insights from international traditional East Asian medicine specialists regarding PI standardization. With eight presentations and discussion sessions, the meeting allowed participants to discuss research methods and diagnostic systems used in traditional medicine for PI. One speaker presented a talk titled "The diagnostic criteria for blood stasis syndrome: implications for standardization of PI". Four speakers presented on future strategies and objective measurement tools that could be used in PI research. Later, participants shared information and methodology for accurate diagnosis and PI. They also discussed the necessity for standardizing PI and methods for international collaborations in pattern research.
基金support of Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association(AACMA)
文摘Pattern diagnosis is an integral aspect of Chinese medicine (CM). CM differentiates biomedical diseases into patterns, based upon the patient's symptoms and signs. Pattern identification (PI) is used to diagnose, direct the treatment principle and determine the treatment protocol. Most CM research has used fixed formula treatments for Western-defined diseases with outcomes measured using objective biomedical markers. This article presents an innovative method used in a randomised controlled pilot study using acupuncture for participants with hepatitis C virus. Each participant's CM patterns were identified and quantified at baseline which directed the treatment protocol for the treatment group. Data identified that while each participant expressed different patterns at baseline all participants displayed multiple patterns. Six patterns showed some expression by all 16 participants; Liver (Gan) yin vacuity expressing a group aggregate mean percentage of 47.2, binding depression of Liver qi 46.9, and Liver Kidney (Shen) yin vacuity 45.1. Further sub category gender grouping revealed that pattern ranking changed with gender; Liver yin vacuity (male 53.4%, female 51.93%), binding depression of Liver qi (male 50.0%, female 42.86%) and Liver Kidney yin vacuity (male 42.9%, female 47.96%). The quantification of CM patterns described in this article permitted statistical evaluation of presenting CM patterns. Although this methodology is in its infancy it may have potential use in the integration of PI with rigorous evidence based clinical research. Biomedical markers often do not relate to symptom/signs and therefore this innovative measure may offer an additional CM evaluation methodology and further CM PI understanding.
基金Supported by the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine,Republic of Korea(No.K15111)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the consistency of patterns and pattern identification(PI), and the improvement in the diagnosis of blood stasis after the standard operating procedures(SOPs) were enhanced by using a diagnostic flowchart. Methods: A total of 358 subjects who were admitted by the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine between June 2013 and December 2014 were included in the study. Each patient was independently diagnosed by two experts from the same department. In 2014, the SOPs included the use of a diagnostic flowchart for each indicator. Inter-observer consistency was assessed by simple percent agreement and by the kappa and AC1 statistics. Results: The improvements in inter-observer agreement for the indicators(for al patients) and PI were greater in 2014 than in 2013. In 2013, the j-value measure of agreement between the two experts ranged from "poor"(κ=–0.051) to "good"(κ=0.968). The AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was generally high for the indicators and ranged from –0.010 to 0.978. In most cases, agreement was considerably lower when it was assessed by the j-values compared with the AC1 values. In 2014, the j-value measure of agreement on the indicators(for the subjects) general y ranged from poor to good, with the values ranging from –0.007 to 0.994. Moreover, the AC1 measure of agreement between the experts was general y high for al of the indicators and ranged from "moderate"(AC1=0.408) to "excel ent"(AC1=0.996). Conclusions: In four examinations, there was moderate agreement between the clinicians on the PI indicators of blood stasis. To improve clinician consistency(e.g., in the diagnostic criteria used), it is necessary to analyse the reasons for inconsistency and to improve clinician training.(Trial registration No. KCT0000916)