The Yellow Spot Pattern of Salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata) in Various Habitats at the Southern Border of Its Distribution in Israel

The present study describes the different color-pattern phenotypes of yellow spots on the black back of Salamandra infraimmaculata in various habitats at the southern border of its distribution in Israel. At Tel Dan, we photographed 454 salamanders in moist habitats where water flows year round;100 of these were sampled to measure the percentage of yellow and black color on the back, and the number of spots on the head. At Kibbutz Sasa, 201 salamanders were photographed, of which 62 were sampled for the measurements. In Kibbutz Yehiam, 200 salamanders were photographed, and 60 were sampled for the measurements. At all sites, about a third of the salamanders were photographed more than once. For all three populations, yellow spots on the salamander back were found in one row, two rows or scattered. For two indices (proportion of yellow/black and number of spots on the head), the Dan population (under wet, running water all year round conditions) differed from the two other populations of salamanders (under semi-arid mountain conditions). The number of yellow spots on the head of the salamanders in the three populations varied from 1 to 7. In all populations, 4 spots pattern was the most common. In the Dan population, there were significantly more salamanders with 1 to 3 spots on their head than in the Sasa or Yehiam populations. No difference was found in the number of head spots for Sasa vs. Yehiam salamanders. The percentage of yellow on the black back was significantly larger for the Dan salamanders vs. the two other populations. The main question examined was whether there is an effect of the habitat conditions in isolated populations on the spot pattern on the salamander back. The answer is positive and is supported by previous studies.

The Spatial Patterns of Road Traffic Crash Black Spots and Emergency Facilities in Federal Capital City

This study aimed at determining the spatial patterns of Road Traffic Crash (RTC) black spots, Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) zebra points and emergency health care facilities in Federal Capital City (FCC). The aim was to provide stakeholders with information that will aid their understanding of accident prone locations and accessible rescue possibilities for accident victims on the roads in FCT. GPS Map 76S Mark (GARMIN) was used to locate and pick coordinates of data in the study area. A total of 16 possible emergency health care facilities, seventy (70) RTC black spots and Five Zebra point locations were obtained from FRSC. ArcGIS 10.0 was used to compute the data by plotting the coordinates to produce maps of the spatial relationship and to carry out Nearest Neighbour Analysis (NNA). The result was further used to determine the spatial patterns of RTC black spots as well as patterns of the emergency facilities. Generally, the result shows that the spatial trend is turning towards dispersion. However, there is less than 1% likelihood that the dispersed patterns could be the result of random chance. It was recommended that, the Federal Road Safety Commission should be staffed with trained professionals that can be responsible for accident data surveillance and analysis using geospatial techniques.

Quality estimation of the resistance spot welding based on pattern feature of the electrode displacement signal

The electrode displacement signal of the resistance spot welding process is monitored and mapped into a binary matrix. Some welded spots, from different welding current specifications, are classified into five classes according to the prototypes of the pattern matrices. A reliable quality classifier is developed based on Hopfield network when the tensile shear strength of the welded joint is measured as the quality indicator. The cross validation test results show that the method utilizing pattern matrix of the displacement signal to characterize nugget formation process is feasible and it can provide adequate quality information of the welded spot. At the same time, under small sample circumstance, the classifier presents good classification ability and it also can correctly estimate the weld quality in some abnormal welding process according to the pattern feature of the displacement signal.

黄河流域非物质文化遗产与A级景区的空间关系及其影响因素

以黄河流域9省区115个地级市为研究区域,利用核密度估计、数量空间关系模型、空间错位指数、双变量空间自相关等分析方法,定量剖析黄河流域国家级非物质文化遗产与A级景区之间的空间关系,同时运用地理探测器探测影响二者空间关系的主导因子。研究表明:黄河流域非遗与A级景区存在显著的空间关联关系,其空间聚类模式呈现显著的“高—高”类与“低—低”类分布范围较广且连片集聚,“高—低”类与“低—高”类分布范围窄且较为分散的特点;黄河流域非遗与A级景区从黄河上游到下游大致呈现“正向错位—负向错位”的分布特征;黄河流域非遗与A级景区不同类型空间关系的形成是多种因素共同作用的结果,影响二者空间关系的主导性因子异质性显著。

国家级水利风景区空间格局及其资源供需评价

水利风景区是以水域岸线或水利工程为依托的专题性景区,对建设幸福河湖、实现全流域生态保护和促进水利高质量发展具有重要作用。揭示了国家级水利风景区在全国尺度下的空间格局,借助可达机会累计算法对水利风景资源的地域供需进行评价。结果表明:(1)景区分布在全国尺度上表现出以人口格局为主导的空间特征,在胡焕庸线以东密集成簇、以西稀疏散布;(2)景区与城市的连接网络呈现多层级性;以省为单元的组团化结网特征明显,省际间的连通性不足;(3)水利风景资源供给与居民需求整体上呈现出空间不匹配特性,资源供需比局部出现西北高,京津冀、华南及西南低的空间差异。研究结果可为水利风景资源的调控与配置提供依据。

基于自然语言处理和机器学习的产业用地性质的识别

在产业用地信息梳理的过程中,首先需要确定地块的底数,其中图斑所在土地的用地性质是关键信息。由于一些早期的纸质信息对相关信息的关键字缺少明确标识,所以只能花费很多人力和时间去阅读这些纸质内容或者扫描文件中的数据,最后进行人工判断、总结。现基于自然语言处理和机器学习,通过引入重要词权重构建改进型朴素贝叶斯模型,对需要的土地信息进行识别,并和实际正确的信息进行比较。结果表明:通过机器学习对字典的构建后,运用自然语言处理技术对产业用地关键信息识别的准确度和效率有较大提升。

西湖凹陷中部深层甜点气藏发育条件与分布预测

深层致密气藏特征及甜点分布预测是制约油气高效勘探与开发的关键问题。通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、激光微区碳氧同位素、天然气碳同位素及含烃包裹体测温等实验分析,结合测井及地震资料,论述西湖凹陷中部深层甜点发育条件及分布规律。结果表明:①中部Y构造花港组发育厚层洁净粗粒砂岩,次生溶孔发育且孔喉半径集中,4200~4500 m发育大量特低孔低渗甜点;②心滩微相优质砂体、有机酸溶蚀改造及晚期高熟气强充注是Y构造深层规模成藏的关键,H3气藏为先致密后成藏气藏,断砂耦合控制了强溶蚀区的发育且利于晚期高熟气的充注,邻近断层处形成局部甜点;③地质-地球物理联合预测显示H3砂组高气饱甜点主要分布于F1断层上盘,平面预测结果与实钻结果吻合好。基于成藏模式形成的地质-地震甜点预测技术,能明显提高深层/超深层复杂地质条件下的甜点预测精度,对深层、少井区甜点预测具有推广借鉴意义。

广东省林草生态综合监测图斑监测优化方法研究

基于第三次全国土地调查和森林资源管理“一张图”数据融合的图斑数据,进行年度更新,形成林草生态综合监测图斑监测成果。当前,图斑监测工作依然存在变化图斑数据来源不全面、多种平台衔接和标准定义偏差等问题,导致数据更新工作片面、成果现势性差。本研究通过分析广东省林草湿资源调查监测特点,采用拓展变化图斑获取来源、衔接多个监测平台、建立部门共同审核机制,制定属性逻辑控制关系等优化方法,提高监测成果数据的现势性与一致性。以2023年广东省图斑监测结果分析,基于优化方法使得林地变化图斑核实数量提高了一倍,融合后的两部门不一致地类图斑实现认定一致,核实后属性字段内容逻辑关系实现合理。结果表明林草生态综合监测图斑监测技术优化方法能够有效提高林草湿资源监测现势性,进一步为绿美广东生态建设提供数据支持。

基础性地理国情监测数据成果质量控制方法研究

地理国情监测在自然资源调查与统计中发挥了重要作用,是全面了解基本国情的重要途径。本文基于2020年基础性地理国情监测项目,结合生产实践经验,探讨了地理国情监测中生产流程与质量检查方法。同时围绕数据源使用、数据更新采集及属性赋值,开展地理国情监测生产过程中典型质量问题的研究。最后根据地理国情监测中存在的质量问题提出了相应的质量控制与提升方案,为今后地理国情的深入有序开展及控制方法的探索提供了借鉴。

陕西秦巴山区药用观赏植物的物种多样性和空间分布

目的:探究陕西秦巴山区药用观赏植物资源,为该区域生物多样性保护规划和科学管理提供有效途径。方法:通过文献检索和在线数据库,对陕西秦巴山区45个县(区)的药用观赏植物进行了编目和分布统计,并对其科属种组成、药用部位、观赏特性、园林用途、受威胁状况、多样性分布格局及保护空缺情况进行分析。结果:140科,500属,906种,多为草本植物;从药用部位上看,全草(株)类药用植物最多;从观赏特性来看,观花类植物最多;从园林用途来看,地被类植物最多;基于县域尺度的物种多样性水平分布格局呈现出从东北向西南递增的变化趋势,太白县和眉县是分布热点县,西部和东南部药用观赏植物大多处于保护空缺状态;在垂直分布上,物种丰富度呈现出随海拔的升高先上升后下降的单峰格局。结论:本研究结果可为陕西秦巴山区药用观赏植物资源的持续开发利用,以及未来自然保护区的建立提供科学依据。

基于MODIS数据的全国林灌草火点时空特征分析

【目的】为在空间、时间尺度上对我国全域林灌草火灾发生特征有清晰的认知,进而对森林草原火灾预防决策提供参考。【方法】选用2003—2022年MODIS卫星火点数据产品和土地覆盖数据产品,以全国陆地区域作为研究范围,利用优化的热点分析方法来分析林灌草火点的空间分布特征;统计分析年际、月度以及我国传统节日林灌草火点的时间分布特征,并采用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法从年际、月度分析林灌草火点的时间变化趋势。【结果】1)林灌草火点的稠密区域主要分布在我国的广东省、云南省、广西壮族自治区和黑龙江省,稀疏区域主要分布在我国的河南省、河北省和山东省。2)属于草的卫星火点数量最多,主要发生在春季和冬季;属于灌丛的火点数量最少,主要发生在夏季。3)卫星火点数量在我国七大传统节日中占比排名前三的是:春节、清明节、劳动节。4)2003—2022年的年际和月度林灌草火点数量呈现波折起伏的走势,在年际变化上,2015年为全国火点数量发生突变年;在月度上,5月是火点数量发生突变的月份。【结论】1)我国南部火点稠密,中东部火点稀疏,且2003—2022年疏密区域未发生明显迁移,因而在实施防火部署时可进行差异化管理。2)春、冬两季草地分布的区域以及阔叶林分布区域在春、夏两季需加强防火管理。

冷轧板表面水淬网纹与黄斑缺陷分析

近几年,随着国家工业逐步向高端市场转型,对汽车板和家电板的需求量大大增加,对冷板质量提出了更高的要求。然而,邯宝冷轧厂的连续退火炉已跟不上市场对产品的要求,生产高端产品时会产出大量的带出品,带出品的缺陷主要有黄斑、网纹等。分析发现,这些缺陷集中在水淬段范围之内。通过对水淬段的设备以及生产方式进行分析,找出了产生黄斑和网纹缺陷的原因,进而对设备进行了优化改造,最终消除了带钢表面缺陷。

峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学特征及空间演变规律

[目的]探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学空间分布特征,为揭示峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局动态变化和生态保护的可持续发展提供理论参考和指导。[方法]利用形态学空间分析(MSPA)方法对岩溶石漠化景观识别、处理、分类得到核心、环线等互不重叠的7类景观类型,应用景观动态度、景观格局指数、景观转移矩阵和热点分析探究峰丛洼地石漠化区景观格局的形态学时空演变特征。[结果]①2000年形态学景观类型分布最广(190.60 km^(2)),2022年分布最少(147.32 km^(2)),在形态学景观类型中核心是研究区内主要的景观类型,2000年面积最大为121.62 km^(2),2022年面积最少为76.05 km^(2),主要分布在研究区西北部和南部区域;孤岛在形态学景观类型中面积最小,其面积1990年最少为1.12 km^(2),2022年最多为3.07 km^(2),孤岛和分支等景观类型分散分布在各核心之间。②研究区形态学景观空间分布趋于分散,且形态学景观多样性、复杂程度和景观破碎化程度增加;研究时段内,形态学景观类型单一动态度分别为0.10,-0.18和-2.13,说明形态学景观面积呈现收缩趋势并且形态学景观类型1990—2000年发育最为剧烈,2000—2010年发育最为平缓。③形态学景观类型转移方向主要是核心景观类型转移为边缘和孔隙景观类型,总体来看形态学景观主要转移方向是形态学景观转移为背景,并且背景的转入量大于转出量。高—高聚集区域呈现出向磨合村、老街村和安乐村扩张的趋势,低—低聚集区域呈现出向三光村和老街村扩张的趋势。[结论]研究区形态学景观面积处于快速减少阶段且形态学景观类型趋于复杂,核心是主要的形态学景观类型,形态学景观的演变特征主要由核心的变化导致。

基于人类活动强度与景观格局响应的风景区保护研究——以富春江—新安江为例

随着城市建设发展,人类活动对风景名胜区影响逐渐增强,带来了景观格局变化、风景资源破坏等威胁。然而,当前风景区相关研究中,较少以定量化方式反映人类活动对景观格局的影响,并落实到风景区保护的实践工作中。以富春江—新安江风景区为例,以五年为区间,基于2000-2020年的五期数据,通过探索人类活动强度和景观格局指数的空间响应关系,并对人地矛盾突出区域叠加分析,讨论了风景资源的保护利用策略。结果表明:①2000-2020年研究区景观格局发生了显著的改变,建设用地面积不断增加,景观破碎度和景观异质性提高;②人类活动强度高值区域主要集中在城镇附近,空间上呈现出条带状分布趋势,尤其是河流沿岸人类活动强度显著提升;③人类活动强度和景观格局变化之间存在着显著的空间相关性,人地矛盾突出区域的空间分布表现出明显的一致性变化趋势,特别是中部河流区域;④现状风景资源中共有21处景源,位于人地矛盾突出区域,受人类活动影响较大。有利于为风景资源的有效保护提供新的研究视角,也对受人类活动影响密切的风景区规划和管理提供参考。

面源污染时空格局动态演变预测与防治分区研究

为对面源污染时空格局精准预测,改善其污染情况,此次研究以某研究区域为例,开展面源污染时空格局演变并提出一定的防治策略。以研究范围内不同区域为实例,对20年来的面源污染排放强度进行核算,建立数据统计模型,并利用EKC预测模型获取空间自相关关系,获取研究区内时空格局动态演变情况。研究区分析结果表明:各区域污染数值均超过1%的置信水平,且空间相关测度GMI指数大于0.20;研究区域D及F为热点区域,区域A和G为过渡区域,区域B和E为冷点区域,可依据此进行分区治理。

1990—2020年贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局动态变化

为研究自然保护地生态要素景观格局动态变化规律,以贵州百里杜鹃风景名胜区为研究对象,选取1990年、2000年、2010年及2020年4期土地利用类型数据,运用景观格局面积动态分析、景观格局指数等方法分析了1990—2020年百里杜鹃风景名胜区景观格局演变特征。结果表明:1990—2020年,百里杜鹃风景名胜区土地利用类型以林地和耕地为主,林地、水域及建设用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少;30年来,有9.3 km^(2)土地发生转移,其中耕地净减少4.23 km^(2),林地净增加4.20 km^(2)。在景观水平上,研究区景观总体上破碎度减小,景观异质性减弱,景观结构趋向简单,景观团聚程度增加。在类型景观格局水平上,研究区以林地为优势景观,林地、耕地及草地斑块破碎程度降低,水域及建设用地变化不明显。总的来说,百里杜鹃风景名胜区生态环境持续向好,但景观格局趋向单一。

Egg-spot matching in common cuckoo parasitism of the oriental reed warbler: effects of host nest availability and egg rejection

Background: The success of cuckoo parasitism is thought to depend largely on the extent of egg matching between cuckoo and host eggs, since poor-matching cuckoo egg would lead to more frequent egg rejection by the host. In this study, we investigated how egg-spot matching between the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) and its host, the Oriental Reed Warbler(Acrocephalus orientalis) is affected by the local parasitism rate, nest availability in breeding synchronization and egg rejection.Methods: We used the paired design of parasitized and their nearest non-parasitized nests where breeding occurred simultaneously to compare egg-spot matching. The image analysis was used to compare four eggshell pattern variables, namely spot size, density, coverage on the different areas of egg surface, and the distribution on the whole egg surface. Egg recognition experiments were conducted to test the effect of egg spots on egg rejection by the host.Results: Our results show that much better matching in almost all spot parameters tested on the side of the egg and the spot distribution on the whole egg occurred in parasitized nests than in non-parasitized nests. Matching of spot density between cuckoo and host eggs in parasitized nests increased with the synchronization between temporal availability of nests and the egg-laying period of female cuckoos. Egg recognition experiments in which the warbler eggs were deliberately painted with extra spots led to a significantly higher egg rejection rate(78.3%) than of unpainted eggs.Conclusion: Our data suggest that both the high temporal encounter rate between cuckoo and warbler nests as well as the high egg rejection ability of the host are important factors for egg-spot matching of the cuckoos.

Comparison of outcomes between overlapping-spot and single-spot photodynamic therapy for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy(PDT) with overlapping multiple spots and single spot for treating circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. · METHODS: Twenty-two patients(22 eyes) with symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma received PDT treatment. Fourteen patients received overlapping spots(two to three spots) PDT,whereas eight patients received single-spot PDT. Laser was used at 50J/cm2for 83s in the overlapping-spot group and 50J/cm2for 166s in the single-spot group. Clinical examination,funduscopy,fluorescein angiography,and ultrasonography were performed at baseline and after treatment. ·RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 28.5 ±8.0 months in the overlapping-spot group and 27.0 ±5.0 months in the single-spot group. Nine patients(64.2%) had their vision improved over two lines on the Snellen chart,and five patients showed stable visual acuity in the overlapping-spot group. The mean thickness of tumor decreased from 2.7 ±0.8mm to 1.2±0.9mm,and the mean greatest tumor linear dimension decreased from 7.4 ± 1.5mm to 4.5 ±3.5mm after treatment. In the single-spot group,two patients(25%) had their vision improved over two lines on the Snellen chart,and six patients had unchanged stable vision. The mean tumor thickness in this group decreased from 2.5±0.7mm to 1.4±1.0mm,and the mean greatest tumor linear dimension decreased from 7.2±1.3mm to 4.7±3.6mm. No significant differences in visual improvement and tumor regression were found between the two groups. ·CONCLUSION:Overlapping-spotPDTunderappropriate treatment parameters and strategies is as effective andsafe as single-spot PDT for treating symptomatic circumscribed choroidal hemangioma. Improved or stabilized visual acuity was achieved as a result of tumor regression.

Wet and Dry Tribological Behaviors of Circular Islandic Protrusion Patterns on M2 Steel Discs under Spinning Condition

Under spinning conditions, lubricant on islandic spot patterned M2 steel disc experiences centrifugal and tangential force components. Depending upon the relative position of the spots and the flow of lubricant, accumulation of lubricant in front of patterned islandic spots creates thrusting to mating part and subsequently reduces contact between the mating couple. Whilst wear debris is likely to be spun off the plateau of the spots to their neighbouring valleys so as to reduce wear. Hence, it gives favorable tribological characteristics. Aiming at verifying such mechanisms, studies were performed on M2 steel disc specimens slid with ASSAB 17 tool steel pin. The M2 steel disc specimens were respectively （i） machined with non-patterned （NP）, （ii） etched to produce in-lined （INE） islandic patterns, and （iii） etched to produce staggered （STE） islandic spot patterns. Results indicated that the INE patterned discs gave most favorable wear characteristics, the NP of the worse characteristics whilst the STE ranged in the middle. However, the actual contact mechanism leads to the descending sequence of favorable friction behaviors nominally as： NP, INE and STE.

2001—2019年武汉市土地供应格局的演化研究

基于2001—2019年的土地供应数据,借助地理空间统计方法,探究武汉土地供应格局的演化及其机理。结果表明:(1)土地供应数量以远城为主,供应类型以居住、工业、道路与交通运输用地为主,供应来源以新增建设用地为主,供应方式以划拨和出让为主;(2)土地供应规模呈先增后减态势,不断从主城向远城扩散,供应方向以东南向和西南向为主,各时段不同类型、不同方式、不同来源的土地供应在结构和空间上呈现出不同特征;(3)城镇与乡村发展、政府与市场互动、经济发展新常态化、中心与边缘异质性分别作用于土地供应,且4个方面相互关联共同驱动武汉土地供应格局演变。最后,基于土地供应格局演变提出土地高效供应的策略。