Pattern recognition and data mining software based on artificial neural networks applied to proton transfer in aqueous environments

In computational physics proton transfer phenomena could be viewed as pattern classification problems based on a set of input features allowing classification of the proton motion into two categories： transfer ＇occurred＇ and transfer ＇not occurred＇. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks in the classification of proton transfer events, based on the feed-forward back propagation neural network, used as a classifier to distinguish between the two transfer cases. In this paper, we use a new developed data mining and pattern recognition tool for automating, controlling, and drawing charts of the output data of an Empirical Valence Bond existing code. The study analyzes the need for pattern recognition in aqueous proton transfer processes and how the learning approach in error back propagation （multilayer perceptron algorithms） could be satisfactorily employed in the present case. We present a tool for pattern recognition and validate the code including a real physical case study. The results of applying the artificial neural networks methodology to crowd patterns based upon selected physical properties （e.g., temperature, density） show the abilities of the network to learn proton transfer patterns corresponding to properties of the aqueous environments, which is in turn proved to be fully compatible with previous proton transfer studies.

Spatial patterns nitrogen transfer models of ectomycorrhizal networks in a Mongolian scotch pine plantation

Ectomycorrhizal(EM)networks provide a variety of services to plants and ecosystems include nutrient uptake and transfer,seedling survival,internal cycling of nutrients,plant competition,and so on.To deeply their structure and function in ecosystems,we investigated the spatial patterns and nitrogen(N)transfer of EM networks usingN labelling technique in a Mongolian scotch pine(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Litv.)plantation in Northeastern China.In August 2011,four plots(20 × 20 m)were set up in the plantation.125 ml 5 at.%0.15 mol/LNHNOsolution was injected into soil at the center of each plot.Before and 2,6,30 and 215 days after theN application,needles(current year)of each pine were sampled along four 12 m sampling lines.Needle total N andN concentrations were analyzed.We observed needle N andN concentrations increased significantly over time afterN application,up to 31 and0.42%,respectively.There was no correlation between needle N concentration andN/N ratio(R2=0.40,n=5,P=0.156),while excess needle N concentration and excess needleN/N ratio were positively correlated across different time intervals(R~2=0.89,n=4,P\0.05),but deceased with time interval lengthening.NeedleN/N ratio increased with time,but it was not correlated with distance.NeedleN/N ratio was negative with distance before and 6th day and 30th day,positive with distance at 2nd day,but the trend was considerably weaker,their slop were close to zero.These results demonstrated that EM networks were ubiquitous and uniformly distributed in the Mongolian scotch pine plantation and a random network.We found N transfer efficiency was very high,absorbed N by EM network was transferred as wide as possible,we observed N uptake of plant had strong bias forN andN,namely N fractionation.Understanding the structure and function of EM networks in ecosystems may lead to a deeper understanding of ecological stability and evolution,and thus provide new theoretical approaches to improve conservation practices for the management of the Earth’s ecosystems.

Analysis of Patterns and Benefits of Cultivated Land Transfer in Rural Areas in the Loess Plateau——A Case Study of Yuanzhou District of Ningxia

Cultivated land transfer is one of hotspots in research on agriculture,rural areas and farmers in China. Based on research achievements related to cultivated land transfer and the field survey of Yuanzhou District in the Loess Plateau,the primary patterns of cultivated land transfer in rural areas in the Loess Plateau were summarized according to the management subjects of cultivated land. According to the analyses of family income and expenses of a peasant household,the benefit of various patterns of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was analyzed,and the social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer were assessed. The results showed that cultivated land transfer had developed rapidly in the Loess Plateau,and 42. 5% of the investigated peasant households took part in cultivated land transfer. The benefit of cultivated land transfer to increase farmers' income was obvious after cultivated land transfer. There were significant differences between various patterns of cultivated land transfer in the increase of farmers' income. The pattern driven by agricultural cooperatives increased farmers' income most obviously,and the annual family earnings per peasant household reached 12072. 99 yuan / a. The social and ecological benefits of cultivated land transfer conducted by peasant households spontaneously were very remarkable. The pattern led by leading enterprises promoted the large-scale operation of cultivated land greatly,but its benefit to increase farmers' income was limited. The comprehensive benefit of the pattern guided by the government was the most balanced. Geographic environment had decisive influences on the choose of patterns of cultivated land transfer in the Loess Plateau.

Bayesian decision-based pattern recognition on spectrum signal of metal transfer modes

A software system of pattern recognition on spectrum signal of metal transfer mode has been developed using Visual Basic under Windows environment. On the basis of the coincidence relation between the spectrum signal and metal transfer mode, according to the geometrical pattern feature of the spectrum signal, several key characteristic parameters are extracted. The correspondent recognition function and a minimum distance classifier have been constructed based on Bayesian decision theory. The results show that using this system, the metal transfer mode of MIG, MAG, CO2 welding can be recognized automatically which provides the basis for automatically controlling of the metal gas arc welding metal transfer.

A Brief Analysis on the Negative Transfer of Mother Tongue in Junior School Students’ English Writing

Since the students are influenced by Chinese thinking pattern,they apply Chinese linguistic knowledge in English writ-ing.This paper analyzes the influence of the negative transfer of mother tongue in English writing from the levels of lexis,syntaxand discourse.The aim is to pursue some efficient methods of the improvement of college English writing.

Landscape pattern change of a typical region in the Kubuqi Desert, Northwestern China

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research.We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area.This study area includes four towns;ShuLinZhao,WangAiZhao,BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai.The area of cropland,fixed sand dune,woodland,residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually,while the area of semi-fixed sand dune,drifting sand dune,meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003.On the landscape level,the patch shape tended to be regular,and the landscape pattern tended to be simple,causing the fragmentation degree,heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease.Fixed sand dune.Semi-fixed sand dune,drifting sand dune,meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes,and residential area,cropland and wetland were the three main import classes.The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration,whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration;this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors.In addition,the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.

Research on Knowledge Transfer Influencing Factors in Software Process Improvement

Knowledge transfer model of software process improvement (SPI) and the conceptual framework of influencing factors are established. The model includes five elements which are knowledge of transfer, sources of knowledge, recipients of knowledge, relationship of transfer parties, and the environment of transfer. The conceptual framework includes ten key factors which are ambiguity, systematism, transfer willingness, capacity of impartation, capacity of absorption, incen-tive mechanism, culture, technical support, trust and knowledge distance. The research hypothesis is put forward. Em-pirical study concludes that the trust relationship among SPI staffs has the greatest influence on knowledge transfer, and organizational incentive mechanism can produce positive effect to knowledge transfer of SPI. Finally, some sug-gestions are put forward to improve the knowledge transfer of SPI: establishing a rational incentive mechanism, exe-cuting some necessary training to transfer parties and using software benchmarking.

Analysis of Land Cover and Landscape Pattern Change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Globeland30 Data

With the rapid economic development and urbanization process in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, land use and landscape pattern have been changed. In order to reveal the temporal and spatial changes and provide scientific basis for the local land use planning and landscape pattern optimization made by government, based on the classification results of Globeland 30 land cover data in 2000 and 2010, this paper quantitatively analyzed the land use transfer status and the dynamic change of landscape pattern in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei by adopting the method of land use transfer matrix and landscape index. The results show that the land use and landscape patterns in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei have been changed significantly from 2000 to 2010. Overall, land use in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been changed greatly, which shows that the cultivated land area has been decreased by 3721.67 km2, while the artificial surface area and grassland area have increased by 2721.29 km2 and 657.09 km2, respectively. From the six partitions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, it can be seen that the subareas with significant changes are Sand Control Farmland Protection Zone in Yellow River Flood Plain, Water Conservation Area for Sand Control in Mountain and Hilly Areas of Northwest Taihang Mountains, and Human Settlement Environment Maintenance and Farmland Protection Zone of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration. The arable land area of these three zones has decreased 572.77 km2, 1553.94 km2 and 1359.53 km2, respectively. From the perspective of landscape pattern change, patch density and fragmentation degree in the southeast and northwest of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region increase;and the dominant patches in the southeast of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region have formed a good connectivity;the whole Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region shows irregular shape and discontinuous enhancement of landscape types, the landscape patch types increase and enrich, and the dominance shows a downward trend.

Various patterns in dielectric barrier glow discharges simulated by a dynamic model

In this paper, various patterns of dielectric barrier glow discharge simulated by a phenomenological dynamic model are reported.The model is constructed based on the basic dynamic process of dielectric barrier glow discharge and involves the voltage-transfer characteristic as well as the lateral inhibition effect.In simulations, different driving voltage profiles are applied to achieve one or two pulsed discharges in each half-period and the corresponding pattern evolution is investigated.The final stable patterns driven by a rectangular wave voltage organize simply as stationary striations or hexagonal lattices.The patterns driven by a multi-step wave appear to be much more complicated, with complementary striations,concentric rings and square superlattices observed.The evolutions of these patterns from the initial uniform state are described and it is found that the spreading of the inhibition effect plays a key role in these evolutions.The numerical simulations in the present work are in excellent accordance with previous experiments and fluid modeling.This dynamic model proves to be a convenient and promising approach to reproducing different pattern structures and pattern evolutions in dielectric barrier glow discharge systems.

Experimental study on convective boiling heat transfer in narrow-gap annulus tubes

Since convective boiling or highly subcooled single-phase forced convection in micro-channels is an effective cooling mechanism with a wide range of applications, more experimental and theoretical studies are re- quired to explain and verify the forced convection heat transfer phenomenon in narrow channels. In this experimental study, we model the convective boiling behavior of water with low latent heat substance Freon 113 (R-113), with the purpose of saving power consumption and visualizing experiments. Both heat transfer and pressure drop characteris- tics were measured in subcooled and saturated concentric narrow gap forced convection boiling. Data were obtained to qualitatively identify the effects of gap size, pressure, flow rate and wall superheat on boiling regimes and the tran- sition between various regimes. Some significant differences from unconfined forced convection boiling were found, and also, the flow patterns in narrow vertical annulus tubes have been studied quantitatively.

基于黎曼普鲁克的手部离散动作识别方法

肌电信号能反映人体的运动意图,是外骨骼和假肢控制的主要信号之一。但受试者间的差异,增加了基于表面肌电信号(sEMG)的手部离散动作识别使用成本。针对这一情况,本文从域适应的角度出发,提出一种基于小型调整集的迁移学习建模方法。该方法利用黎曼普鲁克分析(RPA)提取黎曼特征与传统时域特征作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入特征,并通过实验验证了其识别精度。在10名受试者身上进行了实验,在黎曼特征下黎曼普鲁克分析相比于不进行迁移学习的动作识别方法提高了5%~7%的准确率。在特征空间分布上,黎曼普鲁克分析后的黎曼特征的重合度更高。结果表明,该方法在基于肌电信号的手部离散动作识别上有明显优势。

基于边缘增强和关联损失的服装图像风格迁移

服装图案风格的迁移可以依据个人需要调整对应的风格服饰,满足大众对精神生活越来越高的需求。传统的服装图案风格迁移多采用简单纹理,内容较为单一,图像效果不够理想。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于边缘增强和关联损失的服装图案风格迁移方法(EnAdaIN)。首先,依据Kirsch算子对图像的原始边缘特征进行提取,同时结合Mask R-CNN深度学习方法对服装图像进行语义分割;然后,通过改进AdaIN算法构建基于空间关联损失的EnAdaIN方法,并输出风格迁移图像。EnAdaIN方法在融合边缘特征与语义风格图像的基础上实现服装图像的风格迁移,在融合空间关联损失算法的基础上进一步提升图像的特征相似度。研究表明:EnAdaIN方法峰值信噪比相较于其他方法提升超过0.95%,结构相似性提升超过2.43%,迁移效率提升超过了3.53%,生成后的图像信息色彩更为丰富、特征明显,进一步提升了图像的对比度和质量。

水平管降膜换热器性能规律研究进展

水平管降膜换热器具有热质传递效率高、阻力小、结构简单等优点,被广泛应用于化工等传统领域及能源利用的节能减排领域。降膜换热器内部发生复杂的流动及传热传质相互耦合过程。介绍了实验及模拟研究手段的进展,综述了不同操作参数(气体温度、流向及流量,溶液流量、温度及浓度,内部媒介流量及温度等)与结构参数(管径、管间距等)对水平管降膜管间流型、液膜厚度与润湿性等流动特性的影响规律,以及对蒸发传热特性、吸收传热传质特性等换热器性能的影响规律,包括整体性能和局部微细特征,为水平管降膜换热器的性能优化提供理论支撑。指出在不同气流特征以及多因素相互作用下多维度的局部流动与传热传质性能的耦合影响规律以及强化换热手段会是水平管降膜换热器未来研究的重点方向。

以项目为导向的“图形转移技术”实验教学案例设计

针对材料专业人才培养需求和微电子制造技术实验的特点,设计了一个以LED芯片封装项目为对象,以图形转移技术为依托的实验教学案例。通过对该案例的实验内容、实施过程、课程思政设计等多方面研讨,展开对图形转移技术实验案例的研究与探索。以一个封装支架的制造贯穿整个实验过程,综合运用电子材料、工艺制造设备、测量设备,构建完善的实验流程,以期提升学生利用理论知识解决实际问题的能力,增强学生对电子材料理论知识的理解,打造一个电子材料实践应用平台,促进学科交叉融合教学建设。

汾河流域土地利用景观格局演变及其驱动因素探究

【目的】分析汾河流域临汾段土地利用面积变化及景观格局演变特征,掌握影响土地利用变化的驱动因素,旨在为汾河流域可持续发展以及生态环境保护提供参考。【方法】以汾河流域中游临汾市为研究区,基于1990-2020年遥感、气象、社会经济等数据,计算该地区的土地利用程度指数、土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数(类型级别和景观级别),探讨近30年临汾市土地利用面积变化特征及景观格局的变化趋势,利用主成分分析方法筛选影响临汾市土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。【结果】从土地利用结构来看,临汾市土地利用类型以耕地为主,草地和林地次之。从土地面积变化来看,1990-2020年,各土地类型的面积变化量绝对值由大到小依次为建设用地>草地>耕地>林地>水域>未利用地,其中建设用地、林地及水域面积均增长,其余土地类型面积均减少;土地利用类型转移以耕地转为建设用地和草地以及草地转为耕地和林地为主。景观类型级别方面,耕地、林地和草地的最大斑块指数(LPI)、景观形状指数(LSI)、斑块平均大小(AREA_MN)和斑块结合度(COHESION)均较高;景观级别方面,随着时间的延长,斑块数量(NP)、斑块密度(PD)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)和香农均匀度指数(SHEI)总体均增加,边缘面积分维指数(PAFRAC)和蔓延度指数(CONTAG)均减少。主成分分析结果表明,社会经济因素、产业结构因素和自然因素是临汾市土地利用面积变化最主要的驱动因素。【结论】1990-2020年,临汾市的土地利用面积与景观格局发生了明显变化,探明了影响临汾市土地利用面积变化的主要驱动因素,其中建设用地、草地、林地和耕地受各驱动因素的影响较明显。

宾县三生空间格局演变的碳流转路径动态研究

[目的]揭示宾县碳流转空间分布与碳要素转移关键路径,把握宾县三生空间生态环境现存问题,进而为宾县地区未来低碳乡村规划和土地利用弹性规划管理决策提供理论支持。[方法]以宾县为例,构建乡村“碳要素”整体代谢网络模型,识别与掌握三生空间格局演变规律,定量测度宾县碳源、碳汇特征以及碳要素时空动态变化。[结果](1)耕地生产空间仍是主要利用类型,其他土地利用类型的规模呈不同的波动模式,生态环境受到影响。(2)宾县生活空间的扩张导致总碳排放量呈现先增长后下降的趋势,2010年宾县总碳排放量增长了3.07倍并达到峰值,2020年宾县排放量相比减少225万t;碳汇量则呈现增加趋势,与生态空间面积的变化相关。(3)高碳汇—源密度空间分布主要聚集在宾县中部及西部。耕地生产空间与城镇生活空间分别是两个时期碳流转的关键分室,同时两个用地之间相互碳流转也是不同时期的主导转移路径。[结论]宾县碳流转空间分布与碳要素转移关键路径主要集中在城市化进程较快的地区,生态环境存在较严重问题,未来土地利用弹性规划可通过制定可持续的乡村低碳减排战略以促进区域的可持续发展。

竖直多波纹板式换热器内R134a的流动沸腾实验研究

针对竖直多波纹板片内R134a的流动沸腾进行实验研究,采用高速相机捕捉并分析两相流型的衍变规律,分析干度对换热系数、压降的影响。结果表明:板片内部的汽液相于其所处平面沿水平方向存在交替分布特征;随着干度上升,板片左上角部分流域出现相对停滞的液膜区,其面积随着干度的增加而扩大;波纹板片内的主导换热机制由核态沸腾逐渐转变为对流沸腾。当干度x较低时(x<0.4),换热系数随干度的增加缓慢增加;随后换热系数随干度的上升速率加快(0.4<x<0.6),并于x=0.6时达到最大值;高干度时(x>0.7),板片内出现局部干涸现象,换热系数迅速下降。当质量通量相同时,板片的摩擦压降随干度的增加而增加,而饱和压力的上升会使得摩擦压降有所降低,最大降幅为20.4%。

四川省茂县大沟流域42年植被景观格局恢复动态及其特征

中国西南亚高山地区的植被景观恢复动态一直缺乏深入研究,以四川省茂县的大沟流域为研究对象,基于航片、地面调查、QuickBird和Pleiades遥感影像数据源,采用人工目视解译的方法,建立了大沟流域景观格局分布信息数据库,开展了大沟流域1978—2020年景观格局恢复动态及其特征的研究。结果表明:(1)研究期间,流域内的优势景观为落叶杂灌、草地和油松林,由于封山育林政策的实施,在未来较长的一段时间内优势景观类型将得以保持。(2)1978—2020年间大沟流域的植被覆盖度维持在较高水平,森林面积逐渐增加,农业主要转变为果园经济,整体景观的动态度在逐渐减小。(3)随着植被的恢复,大沟流域景观的物种丰富度、优势景观优势度和景观的连通性都在增加,但景观的破碎化程度依旧较高。首次对大沟流域的植被演变进行了探究,为西南亚高山及岷江流域地区的森林恢复提供了一定的科学依据。未来相关领域还需加强景观格局演变驱动机制的研究,并制定更加合理的生态环境管理政策。

水平同心圆柱环内自然对流换热研究

外壁温度高于内壁温度的水平同心圆柱环形结构因具有良好的隔热效果,在工程上得到了广泛的应用,而水平同心圆柱环形结构的隔热降温效果受环内流体流动换热影响大,且目前缺乏外壁温度高于内壁温度的水平同心圆柱环内自然对流换热特性研究,因此针对外壁温度高于内壁温度的水平同心圆柱环形结构,数值模拟研究了普朗特数为0.7情况下间隙比(内圆直径与环间距之比,即δ)在0.1~14以及瑞利数在103~107时环内自然对流流动模式与传热。使用流线和等温线分别表示出计算的流动模式和温度场,并研究了间隙比和瑞利数对圆柱环内壁面的平均努谢尔特数的影响。研究发现:在低瑞利数时整个间隙比范围内都存在稳定的月牙形流型,此外还观察到4种不同的流动模式,即二维漏斗振荡流、三维螺旋流、二维多涡流、二维多涡振荡流。这4种流动模式在较高的瑞利数时出现,具体取决于间隙比。根据流动模式的分布特征,整个间隙比可分为3部分,即宽间隙(δ=0.1~2)、中等间隙(δ=2~8)和窄间隙(δ=8~14),给出了不同间隙比范围内环内壁面平均努谢尔特数与间隙比和瑞利数的相关方程,其相关系数(R^(2))大于0.990 2。

基于SE注意力CycleGAN的蓝印花布单纹样自动生成

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