Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide(MEPDG):a bird's-eye view

Past editions of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） Guide for Design of Pavement Structures have served well for several decades; nevertheless, many serious limitations exist for their continued use as the nation＇s primary pavement design procedures. Researchers are now incorporating the latest advances in pavement design into the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide （MEPDG）, developed under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program （NCHRP） 1-37A project and adopted and published by AASHTO. The MEPDG procedure offers several dramatic improvements over the current pavement design guide and presents a new paradigm in the way pavement design is performed. However, MEPDG is substantially more complex than the AASHTO Design Guide by considering the input parameters that influence pavement performance, including traffic, climate, pavement structure and material properties, and applying the principles of engineering mechanics to predict critical pavement responses. It requires significantly more input from the designer. Some of the required data are either not tracked previously or are stored in locations not familiar to designers, and many data sets need to be preprocessed for use in the MEPDG. As a result, tremendous research work has been conducted and still more challenges need to be tackled both in federal and state levels for the full implementation of MEPDG. This paper, for the first time, provides a comprehensive bird＇s eye view for the MEPDG procedure, including the evolvement of the design methodology, an overview of the design philosophy and its components, the research conducted during the development, improvement, and implementation phases, and the challenges remained and future developments directions. It is anticipated that the efforts in this paper aid in enhancing the mechanistic-empirical based pavement design for future continuous improvement to keep up with changes in trucking, materials, construction, design concepts, computers, and so on.

Application of matter-element analysis based on entropy right to evaluate the pavement condition in permafrost region

Evaluation of pavement performance is one of the most important issues in a pavement-management system.By employing the concept of entropy,the matter-element model for evaluating pavement is established,and the weights of the evaluation indices are obtained from sur-veying data.By calculating the degree of dependence of the matter-element model,the pavement performance evaluation can be obtained by this method.The results show that the matter-element model based on entropy right has good performance for evaluating the pavement condition in permafrost region.

Structural Design of Pavement Overlays Based on Functional Parameters

This paper reports a practical pavement overlay design method based on PCI (Pavement Condition Index). Current pavement investigation method (JTJ 073 96) is compared to the ASTM D 5340, which is the standard test method for airport pavement condition evaluation initially developed for US Air Force. The deficiency in the calculation of PCI based on field data in JTJ 073 is discussed. The proposed design method is compared to AASHTO overlay design method with good agreement. The paper concludes with an example illustrating how the existing pavement structural capacity is related to pavement distress survey results. The presented design method can be used in the design for overlay rehabilitation of pavements of highways, urban streets and airports.

Theoretical Development and Engineering Practice of Pavements in China

This paper presents a comprehensive review of historical theory development and current construction practice of pavement engineering in China. Mechanical models, design guides, construction techniques, evaluation methods and maintenance standards are elaborated for Portland cement concrete （PCC） pavements methodology among pavements of rural highways, urban roads and asphalt concrete （AC） pavements. Differences in design and airport fields are discussed based on service requirements. Lessons and experiences based on the past 20 years＇ construction practice and pavement performance are summarized. Current research areas in pavement engineering associated with unconventional geological and/or landscaping in China＇s highway construction and national strategic plan for pavement engineering are also covered.

Analysis of Incremental Load Damaging Effects of Overloaded Trucks on Federal Highway Pavement Structures in Nigeria

The study is to assess the present serviceability rating of Nigerian highways and the load damage effects of overloaded trucks. The researchers used the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) methods. In this study, the highway section of Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba and Abakiliki-Ogoja via Mbok roads were selected, and data were collected through an axle-load survey, automatic traffic count and from secondary sources. The rate of gross vehicle weight violation was found, ranging from 20% to 94% of the axle load distribution across the studied network. Comparing the overloaded vehicle damage factor (V.D.F.) and standard V.D.F., the range was from 1.2 to 41.34 times across the road networks studied, and this explained why the pavement structures of Nigerian roads tend to deteriorate during its service life rapidly. Present serviceability rating was estimated at 3.45, 4.41 and 3.35 for Lokoja-Abuja, Ilorin-Jebba and Abakiliki-Ogoja roads respectively, showing depletion from their initial conditions. The damaging effects of the HGV are less severe at Lokoja-Abuja Road (with g = 0.30), followed by Ilorin-Jebba Road (with g = 0.35) and more in Abakiliki-Ogoja Road (with g = 0.43). The heaviest overload of 94% of the 6-axle vehicles plying at the Lokoja-Abuja road could explain this intense damaging effect on the road pavement

Causes of Cracks on Recently Constructed Flexible Pavements: A Case Study on Kabati to Mareira Road in Kenya

Increased surface roughness of road due to emergence of cracks makes travelling on the road uncomfortable to road users;reduces road safety;increases wear and tear of vehicles, which push up the operating costs of vehicles, and increases travel time leading to the loss of useful man-hours to the local economy. The main objective of the study was to establish the causes of cracks on recently constructed flexible pavements with focus to Kabati to Mareira Road. To realize the study objectives, a case study was done on Kabati to Mareira road. Primary data comprising traffic count surveys;field and laboratory data for coring for compressive strength tests, tests on bearing capacity of pavement structure, and pavement deflection measurements analysis tests on improved pavement materials were undertaken on the road under study. The Secondary data on traffic axle load survey along the road under study were obtained from Kenya Rural Roads Authority, Ministry of Roads. The traffic loading was found to be 1.1 million equivalent standard axles over a design period of 15 years at a growth rate of 5%, which is on the lower limit of T4 assumed during the design stage. The material characteristics recommended in design are sufficient for the designed traffic loading. The range of UCS values was 1.12 to 5.83 MPa for soaked cores and 4.76 to 6.94 MPa for un-soaked cores. The DCP results showed that subgrade has a mean CBR of 15% and a median of 14% (subgrade class S4);the sub-base has a mean CBR of 53%, a range of 16% to 93% and thickness of 186 mm and;the base has a mean CBR of 145% a range of 20% to 433% and thickness of 137 mm. The ratio of modulus achieved after construction for base to sub-base is 2.7:1 and 10.7:1 for the sub-base and subgrade. It is concluded that design has no aspect in development and propagation of cracks. Cracks were caused by combination of factors, namely: sub-grade does not provide sufficient support to the pavement due to high base and sub-base strengths;and the variation of strength for pavement layers and the collapse of some cores during soaking process point to cases of inadequate/non-uniform mixing and insufficient curing of the pavement layers. Recommendation is made that the stabilizer content for base and sub-base to be varied in accordance with the properties of natural material being used based on frequency set out in standard specifications;and use of fully flexible pavements where the fill material adopted is alluvial or expansive clays. Emphasis should be placed on adequate pavement support. In improved pavement construction, the stabilizer should be uniformly distributed, thoroughly mixed and pavement layers sufficiently cured.

装配式临时预制混凝土板路面优化计算及应用研究

采用装配式预制混凝土板作为临时道路路面,具有经济环保的优点。以不产生疲劳断裂作为设计标准和不产生极限断裂作为验算标准,针对路面板的厚度、配筋和混凝土标号等主要参数进行优化计算分析,获得满足临时道路路面条件下最优的装配式预制混凝土板尺寸及材料参数。阐述了装配式预制混凝土板路面在施工道路建设及维护中的优点,并基于现场实际工程应用,介绍了具体的施工技术要点和工艺,实现了施工效率、施工质量与经济效益的全面提升,达到安全可靠、经济适用和绿色环保的目的。

西南地区某机场跑道中段道面沉陷区的检测与评价

对西南某机场跑道部分区域沉陷变形的情况进行专项调查,找到沉陷区域并评价其严重程度,帮助机场运营管理单位掌握飞行区道面状况。首先将跑道检测区按照沉陷程度分为十个闭合水准线路,分区测量点位高程;再将高程数据与设计数据对比分析,运用Surfer、Matlab软件制图呈现和计算跑道沉陷程度;结合道面纵、横坡坡度的改变判断跑道的适用性。评价结论为跑道沉陷部分体积约2700 m~3,约20%测量区域的横坡坡度不符合要求,为避免沉陷情况加剧,应在道面维护工作上做出相应应对措施。

基于LCA的不同设计寿命沥青路面能耗排放分析

为研究不同设计寿命沥青路面的能耗排放特征,建立生命周期评价体系,量化分析柔性基层沥青路面、典型半刚性基层沥青路面、高掺量胶粉沥青路面的能耗排放。通过灵敏度分析确定主要能耗排放环节,并分析水泥类型、温拌技术、再生技术及运输效率对三种沥青路面能耗排放的影响规律。结果表明,典型半刚性基层沥青路面的能耗强度分别比柔性基层沥青路面及高掺量胶粉沥青路面能耗强度高25.29%、153.03%,全球变暖潜值总量比两种长寿命沥青路面分别高106.97%、107.99%;水泥生产、沥青生产、加热及运输环节为主要能耗排放环节;适用于水稳基层的通用水泥中,矿渣硅酸盐水泥能耗排放最低,替换掉普通硅酸盐水泥后典型半刚性基层沥青路面及高掺量胶粉沥青路面碳排放量分别下降了13.17%、12.43%;采用温拌技术后,柔性基层沥青路面碳排放量下降幅度最大,降低了2.41%,高掺量胶粉沥青路面能耗强度下降幅度最大,降低了3.71%;当RAP掺量达到30%时,三类沥青路面能耗强度分别下降20.64%、18.56%、15.26%,碳排放量分别下降6.92%、3.92%、4.39%;运输效率提升幅度与沥青路面的能耗排放减少率呈正相关,运输效率每提升10%,三类沥青路面能耗强度分别下降1.55%、1.63%、2.10%,碳排放量分别下降4.03%、3.26%、3.07%。

基于响应面法的半柔性路面材料低温性能研究

为提高半柔性路面材料(SFPM)低温抗裂性能,采用橡胶粉与硅烷偶联剂对水泥砂浆进行改性,制备复合半柔性路面材料(R&S-SFPM)。基于响应面分析法以劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变、弯曲蠕变速率以及平均线收缩系数作为评价指标分析胶粉目数、掺量及硅烷偶联剂用量对SFPM低温性能的影响,并确定了可获得最优低温性能表现的R&S-SFPM掺配比例。结果表明:橡胶粉可提高SFPM的应力松弛能力,使其具有更好的柔韧性;硅烷偶联剂可提高SFPM力学强度。此外,橡胶粉及硅烷偶联剂掺量、胶粉目数均对SFPM低温性能改善效果有较大影响。当胶粉目数为60目、掺量为14%,硅烷偶联剂用量为0.72%时,R&S-SFPM综合低温效果最佳;与普通半柔性路面材料(O-SFPM)相比,R&S-SFPM的劈裂抗拉强度、抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变以及弯曲蠕变速率分别提高23.7%、7.6%、29.9%和15.2%。

不同当量轴载作用下结冰路面抗滑性能变化规律研究

路面抗滑性能受路面水环境影响巨大,不同的交通荷载也会对抗滑产生影响,开展不同当量轴载作用下结冰路面抗滑性能变化规律研究意义重大。通过在交通部公路交通试验场开展实车实验,研究了不同路段、不同当量轴载作用次数与不同结冰厚度条件下,路面摆值变化的规律,厚冰层表面温度与摆值的关系,以及室内实验和室外实验结果对比。结果表明:厚冰层表面温度每上升1℃,路面摆值将下降0.87BPN。由于受试验条件限制,不同轴载作用下结冰路面抗滑测试数据未能呈现明显的变化规律。

快通水泥混凝土路面与水泥稳定基层建造新技术

文中针对水泥混凝土路面与基层快速建造、提早通车运营的难题,将其他建筑混凝土工程中的早强混凝土应用于公路水泥混凝土路面工程,并参照美国ACPA水泥混凝土路面协会相关技术,提出了我国快通水泥混凝土路面的定义、建造技术和基本技术要求,以期实现我国公路水泥混凝土路面工程在建造和养生中少堵车、不堵车、快速畅通的目的,为我国公路交通建设及路面建造、养生、运营做出贡献。

基于NAR-ARIMA组合模型的高速公路沥青路面破损状况预测

基于NAR神经网络模型和ARIMA传统时间序列预测模型,对高速公路沥青路面的破损状况进行预测,再分别通过最优加权法和残差优化法对两种预测模型进行组合,得到两种组合模型.对各单一模型和组合模型的精度和稳定性进行了比较分析.实例分析表明,组合模型相较于单一模型的精度和稳定性均有所提升,NAR-ARIMA最优加权组合模型预测效果最佳.该组合模型所需样本量较小,且基于时间序列.由于采用历史数据作为影响因素代替指标,该组合模型计算速度快、精度高,适用于日常的预测工作,为后续合理的道路养护决策提供了重要的理论依据.

基于MTLBO和ELM的沥青路面抗滑性能预测

针对沥青路面抗滑性能预测在精度和可靠性方面的不足,本文提出了基于改进教学优化算法(Modified Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization,MTLBO)和极限学习机(Extreme Learning Machine,ELM)的沥青路面抗滑性能预测模型.首先,利用MMLS3载荷模拟器对6块路面试样进行模拟加载,达到每个加载周期后,利用高精度激光扫描仪和摆式仪分别对路面试样的宏观纹理和抗滑性能表征指标摆值(British Pendulum Number,BPN)进行采集,提取与抗滑性能相关的纹理指标.其次,鉴于ELM训练过程时间短且具有良好的模型泛化能力,本文利用ELM预测沥青路面BPN的变化趋势.为了提高ELM的全局搜索能力和预测结果的准确性,引入MTLBO对ELM输入层和隐藏层之间的权重(ω_(i))和偏置(b_(i))进行优化,从而更好地反映路面BPN与纹理指标之间的非线性映射关系.最后,以均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)和预测样本复相关系数(R^(2))作为评价指标,与现有的支持向量机(Support Vector Machines,SVM)、ELM、基于教学优化的极限学习机(TLBO-ELM)3种方法进行比较,本文所提出的基于改进教学优化的极限学习机(MTLBO-ELM)预测结果的均方根误差分别降低了1.80%,1.50%,1.07%.

中澳公路工程沥青路面材料与施工技术对比

针对中资企业技术人员在南太平洋地区开展公路工程建设中与国内技术规范混淆的问题,采用文献对比分析方法,对中国和澳大利亚的沥青路面施工技术要求中原材料组成、沥青混合料设计制备与施工、其他材料施工、质量管理等方面进行对比研究。结果表明:1)在原材料组成方面,中国规范列举了更多的原材料种类和型号;2)在沥青混合料设计、制备与施工上,中国规范在配合比设计、摊铺、压实成型等环节与澳大利亚技术指南存在差异;3)在路面结构层状组合上,中国规范与澳大利亚指南描述类似;4)中国规范在内容撰写上更为具体清晰,方便使用者查找技术参数要求,且在原材料和混合料施工上与澳大利亚技术指南有着明显差异;澳大利亚的指南更侧重于理念科普和设计原则介绍,对具体的技术参数与要求规定内容较少。

基于XGBoost国省干线沥青路面使用性能预测研究

文中提出了一种基于XGBoost(extreme gradient boost)算法的国省干线沥青路面损坏状况指数(pavement condition index,PCI)预测模型,并与传统回归模型预测结果进行对比.结果表明:通过对比分析不同模型的3个定量评价指标(均方根误差、平均绝对误差和拟合系数)以及最终预测结果的折线图,证明采用考虑多因素条件的XGBoost算法PCI预测模型的预测精度要优于传统回归预测模型,验证了该模型的有效性和优越性.

彩色透水混凝土路面铺装技术在公园工程中的应用

该文将率先介绍彩色透水混凝土路面铺装技术的运用优势,再通过专业的研究与调查,并以某公园工程为例,详细阐述该技术在工程项目中的应用过程,内容包括明确施工操作流程、铺设模板、浇筑混凝土、表面处理及路面养护等,然后借助对混凝土路面的合理规划,探索出改善该施工技术的有效措施,有效增强公园工程路面铺装质量,提升公园内部的美观性、生态性。

混凝土公路路面施工质量问题及施工策略研究

对混凝土公路路面施工中的技术性要点与质量控制要点进行探究。阐述混凝土公路路面的施工策略,并介绍施工前期准备工作,对混凝土公路路面质量问题及其施工策略进行分析,重点对前期工作和原材料质量把控两方面的公路路面施工质量把控要点进行探讨。

水泥混凝土路面错台病害处治研究

错台是水泥混凝土路面的常见病害,它的产生不仅会降低行车的舒适性,也给车辆的安全行驶带来隐患,本文从水泥混凝土路面错台产生的原因出发,展开分析研究,并给出系统的错台病害处治办法,对延长道路使用寿命,提高水泥路面养护水平具有十分重要的意义。

新型材料摊铺机在特殊路面铺设施工中的设计与应用优化

为了提高特殊路面铺设施工的质量,论文分析了新型材料摊铺机对特殊路面铺设质量的影响。研究结果表明,相比传统的摊铺机,新型材料摊铺机在铺设特殊路面时,能更加均匀地分散压力,降低路面裂缝的产生;其特有的抗震性和延展性可以有效提高路面的稳定性和使用寿命。同时,新型摊铺机的自动化程度高,操作灵活,大大降低了人工误差,提高了铺设精度。此外,新型材料摊铺机还通过减少路面铺设过程中的材料浪费,降低了铺设成本,提高了经济效益。总的来说,新型材料摊铺机对提高特殊路面铺设的质量具有重要的意义,其应用有助于推动路面铺设技术的发展,提高路面的使用性能和服务寿命。