Africa in the Global Security Governance:A Critical Analysis of Ethiopia’s Role in the UN Peacekeeping Operations

Global security governance is a practice and process of managing as well as preventing global security threats and building sustainable peace.Peacekeeping is the most visible activity and one of the most important contributions of the United Nations(UN)to what its Charter calls“the maintenance of international peace and security”.This study argues that peace and security of Africa has usually been studied from top-down or western perspective focusing on what global actors have done to Africa rather than what it has done or can do to them;hence,so as to understand the full picture of global security governance,peace and security of Africa need to be studied from African perspective or bottom up.To this end,the study exposes primordial stereotypes some western scholars label Africa and Africans and provides evidence that Africa has played and can play positive roles in global security by showcasing Ethiopia’s participation in the UN Peacekeeping Operations(UNPKO).Examining from bottom-up,this study seeks to understand as an African country,what Ethiopia’s contribution to the UN Peacekeeping Operations(UNPKO)signifies about global security governance in the 21st century.Analysis of the field data evidences the indivisibility of security as a concept and practice,vitality of the local actors’roles,and significance of interaction and interdependence of the Global North-Global South for inclusive governance of contemporary global security.

UN Peacekeeping in an Era of More Limited Resources

Over the 1948-2018 period,UN peacekeeping operations have amounted to 70 years of service and sacrifice.With prominent contributions to the world peace and security,the UN has been facing more and more challenges in different areas.Currently,UN peacekeeping is becoming more challenging because it is entrenched in an era of more limited resources.This study investigates one of the greatest challenges that UN peacekeeping is now facing,as a result of which UN peacekeeping could fail.This study also tries to find the cause of this phenomenon,which has a strong connection to the change in US policy.The findings suggest that comprehensive measures should be taken in the UN future reforms.

China's Expanding Participation in the UN Peacekeeping Operations

The UN-led peacekeeping operation is a lodestar within the field of current international security.As an important example of her peaceful diplomacy,China has consistently and continuously supported the UN-led peacekeeping operations since 1998 when China joined the UN peacekeeping Operation Special Committee.The Chinese peacekeepers accomplished their UN-authorized missions successfully.With their impressive professionalism,high spirits,combat capabilities,and outstanding achievements,the Chinese peacekeepers have been highly acknowledged by the UN organizations,the host nations and the international media.

Construction on Establishment of Security Risk Assessment Index System for Chinese Peacekeeping Operations

In recent years,with the gradual deepening of Chinese participation in peacekeeping operations,the risks associated with peacekeeping operations have also gradually increased.Chinese peacekeeping operation safety risk assessment indicator system is the basis for evaluating the participation efficiency of Chinese participation in international peacekeeping operations and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.This paper discusses the establishment of a risk assessment index system based on the principles of safety system engineering and risk management.It begins with a number of aspects including staffing,equipment and tactics levels.The essay establishes Security Risk Assessment Index System for Chinese Peacekeeping,which provides technical support for the application of the evaluation system in the future.

First Tibetan Policeman Involved in International Peacekeeping Mission

Dainzin, 39 this year, is a policeman in Lhasa. Twice in 2000 and 2002 respectively, he was sent by the PRC Ministry of Public Security to work for UN peacekeeping mission in East Timor, thus becoming the first Tibetan policeman involved in the international mission. His good behavior won his a medal from the United Nations and a medal from the police authorities of East Timor.

Discussion on Human Dignity and Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Peacekeeping

From an academic point of view, human dignity is the source of human rights, and has a profound academic his-tory. Since the end of World War II, the issue of human rights has received great attention from the international community. So, human right theories, for which human dignity is the basic consideration, have developed continuously. In this era of advocating rights, human dignity and human rights protection are universal values and concepts, which were emphasized once again after World War II.

Peacebuilding Is Social Work:From Political Science to Social Psychology

For the longest time,peacemaking and peacekeeping were the only post-factum interventions to resolve armed conflicts usually related to a nation-state’s borders or territory.Peacebuilding has its origins in sociology(Galtung,1969;1975)and is used today as a preferred concept in matters of conflict.However,this paper explores why peacebuilding,as the Secretary General of the United Nations advocates in A New Agenda for Peace,must become a nonlinear and contextual process that promotes the prevention of conflict and invites a transformative approach to addressing the linkages between peace,security,and climate.Furthermore,this paper advocates that peacebuilding grounded in social psychology and social anthropology will bring about transformative outcomes as it will build relationships at the community level and become a preventive tool to address incipient tensions within the community.Peacebuilding as social work will benefit the community and lay the necessary foundations for a sustainable future.Social workers are equipped to assess,analyze,and solve problems.Their capacity to do ongoing social diagnosis is a critical tool to prevent skirmishes degenerating into conflicts.Social work could be the much-needed resource to further develop theory and practice that contributes to active peacebuilding.

Rethinking UN Peacekeeping Burden-Sharing in a Time of Global Disorder

When United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres diagnosed the world with a bad case of‘trust deficit disorder’in 2018,UN peacekeeping seemed to have been somewhat sheltered from an increasingly chaotic world order.In September 2018,more than 150 member states signed a Declaration of Shared Commitments on UN Peacekeeping Operations(A4P).But a year later,however,on the eve of the organization’s 75th anniversary,what remains the most visible conflict management tool at the disposal of the Security Council is seeing fault lines widening.The traditional consensus over peacekeeping is eroding.Burden-sharing between those countries who,respectively,mandate,finance,and provide peacekeepers has become ever more complex in a context of an increasingly divided Council and new financial crises.Peacekeeping visions have grown further apart as some member states push for more militarized stabilization and protection of civilians approaches when others call for a return to the core principles of peacekeeping.The author concludes that despite these fault lines,peacekeeping remains a remarkable enterprise of multilateralism through which trust and solidarity between member states can be reinforced.This at the condition that greater emphasis be put when carrying out necessary reforms on a more just and equitable burden-sharing-among the P5,between the P5 and ten elected members of the Council,and between the Council and Troop Contributing Countries-and on rebuilding consensus and coherence both in New York and in field missions.

Brazil and Indonesia:Horizons of a Strategic Partnership

There are many similarities between the national growth of Brazil and Indonesia.Both countries are rich in natural resources,play a vital role in the establishment of regional blocs,are members of G-20 and adhere to the principles of preventive diplomacy.The objective of this article is to show the role of the concept of strategic partnerships in the foreign policy of Brazil,whose international influence in the UN and other global structures is actively growing,and also to identify the characteristics of such partnership with Indonesia.Southeast Asia is becoming extremely important for the international economic system,and Indonesia,located on 17,000 islands,has an important geostrategic position,since all major sea routes in the Indian and Pacific Ocean pass through it.Indonesia is currently distinguished thanks to its steady economic growth,political stability,integration into the global economy,and increased activity on international platforms.Consequently,it is no surprise that Brazilian-Indonesian strategic partnership has started to manifest itself not only in the development of comprehensive ties,but also in the cooperation in upholding the ideas of sustainable development,disarmament,as well as the peaceful resolution of conflicts on the global level.The authors utilized a problematic-chronological method that allowed to analyze the areas of contacts between Brazil and Indonesia in the global arena,to find the problems and promising areas of partnership—including the oil and gas sector,the exchange of technologies,the creation of favorable investment climate,the coordination of activity in international organizations,and willingness to take into consideration mutual interests.

CHINA UN Peacekeepers

The 140 officers and soldiers of the Second China Medium Utility Helicopter Unit, a peacekeeping contingent to Sudan's Darfur, were awarded UN peace medals.