An Adaptive Slope Compensation Circuit for Peak Current Mode of Boost Switching Power Supply

Based on the analysis of the basic principle of slope compensation, a high-precision adaptive slope compensation circuit for peak current mode boost DC/DC converter is designed. The circuit dynamically detects the input and output voltage of the boost circuit to realize automatic adjustment of the compensation amount with the change of duty ratio, which makes the ramp compensation slope optimized. The design uses a high-precision subtracter to improve the accuracy of slope compensation. While eliminating sub-slope oscillation and improving the stability of boost circuit, the negative impact of compensation on boost circuit is minimized, and the load capacity and transient response speed of boost circuit are guaranteed. The circuit is designed based on SMIC 0.18um CMOS technology, with simple structure, high reliability and easy engineering implementation. Spectre circuit simulator 17.1.0.124 64b simulation results show that the circuit has high compensation accuracy and wide input and output voltage range. When the working voltage is 3.3 V, the compensation slope can be adjusted adaptively under different duty cycles, and the minimum error between the compensation slope and the theoretical optimal compensation slope is only 0.42%.

A DBRTD with a High PVCR and a Peak Current Density at Room Temperature

AlAs/GaAs/In0.1Ga0.9As/GaAs/AlAs double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes （DBRTDs） grown on a semi-insulated GaAs substrate with molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. By sandwiching the In0.1 Ga0.9 As layer between GaAs layers, potential wells beside the two sides of barrier are deepened, resulting in an increase of the peak-to-valley current ratio （PVCR） and a peak current density. A special shape of collector is designed in order to reduce contact resistance and non-uniformity of the current;as a result the total chrrent density in the device is increased. The use of thin barriers is also helpful for the improvement of the PVCR and the peak current density in DBRTDs. The devices exhibit a maximum PVCR of 13.98 and a peak current density of 89kA/cm^2 at room temperature.

The Peak Current Control of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machine with Asymmetric Dual-Three Phases

The asymmetric dual-three phase BLDC motor has two sets of stator windings,in which the back EMF coefficients are different.This paper takes advantage of the asymmetric dual-three phase BLDC motor’s structural features and proposes a new method for the accelerated problem of the BLDC motor operating in the high speed and the constant electromagnetic power.The dual phase windings of the BLDC motor are integrated into the circuit in the starting stage.When the motor’s back EMF value is equal to the terminal voltage value,switch off a set of RST three phase windingswhose back EMF coefficient is bigger and make the other set of stator windingUVWwith smaller back EMF coefficient continue to operate under the rated power.As the motor rotor speed continues to increase,the electromagnetic torque remains unchanged.By using the peak current control strategy,we can deduce that the phase current of the UVW three-phase winding is twice the RSTthree-phase windingwhen the asymmetric dual-three phase BLDC motor operates at high speed and constant power.

PRIMARY SIDE DETECTION AND PEAK CURRENT MODE CONTROL IN FLYBACK CONVERTER

A new cycle-by-cycle control flyback converter with primary side detection and peak current mode control is proposed and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The flyback converter is verified by the OrCAD simulator. The main advantages of this converter over the conventional one are simplicity, small size, rapid regulating and no sensing control signals over the isolation barrier. The circuit is suitable for digital control implementations.

Bifurcation and chaos in high-frequency peak current mode Buck converter

Bifurcation and chaos in high-frequency peak current mode Buck converter working in continuous conduction mode（CCM） are studied in this paper. First of all, the two-dimensional discrete mapping model is established. Next, reference current at the period-doubling point and the border of inductor current are derived. Then, the bifurcation diagrams are drawn with the aid of MATLAB. Meanwhile, circuit simulations are executed with PSIM, and time domain waveforms as well as phase portraits in i_L–v_C plane are plotted with MATLAB on the basis of simulation data. After that, we construct the Jacobian matrix and analyze the stability of the system based on the roots of characteristic equations. Finally, the validity of theoretical analysis has been verified by circuit testing. The simulation and experimental results show that,with the increase of reference current I_（ref）, the corresponding switching frequency f is approaching to low-frequency stage continuously when the period-doubling bifurcation happens, leading to the converter tending to be unstable. With the increase of f, the corresponding Irefdecreases when the period-doubling bifurcation occurs, indicating the stable working range of the system becomes smaller.

currentMKMJ25-22型自愈式脉冲电容器耐久性试验条件的验证及其重要意义

随着电力装备制造技术的不断提升,自愈式脉冲电容器作为一种关键的电子元器件,在多个领域的应用逐渐得到广泛推广。为了确保这些电容器在实际应用中的稳定性和可靠性,必须对其进行严格的耐久性试验。然而,目前主流的试验方法尚不能准确快速地反映MKMJ25–22型自愈式脉冲电容器的实际性能。针对MKMJ25–22型自愈式脉冲电容器的试验问题,文章对标行业试验标准,对试验设备的能力进行了理论分析,并在元件选取、充放电回路等方面对试验回路进行了优化设计。通过对1台MKMJ25–22型自愈式脉冲电容器进行2000次的耐久性试验,证明回路、设备、配件均能够满足MKMJ25–22型自愈式脉冲电容器的试验要求。

Low Power State Assignment Algorithm for FSMs Considering Peak Current Optimization

Finite state machine （FSM） plays a vital current which is drawn by state transitions can result in role in the sequential logic design. In an FSM, the high peak large voltage drop and electromigration which significantly affect circuit reliability. Several published papers show that the peak current can be reduced by post-optimization schemes or Boolean satisfiability （SAT）-based formulations. However, those methods of reducing the peak current either increase the overall power dissipation or are not efficient. This paper has proposed a low power state assignment algorithm with upper bound peak current constraints. First the peak current constraints are weighted into the objective function by Lagrangian relaxation technique with Lagrangian multipliers to penalize the violation. Second, Lagrangian sub-problems are solved by a genetic algorithm with Lagrangian multipliers updated by the subgradient optimization method. Finally, a heuristic algorithm determines the upper bound of the peak current, and achieves optimization between peak current and switching power. Experimental results of International Workshop on Logic and Synthesis （IWLS） 1993 benchmark suites show that the proposed method can achieve up to 45.27% reduction of peak current, 6.31% reduction of switching power, and significant reduction of run time compared with previously published results.

Experimental research on influence mechanism of loading rates on rock pressure stimulated currents

The study of pressure stimulated current(PSC)changes of rocks is significant to monitor dynamic disasters in mines and rock masses.The existing studies focus on change laws and mechanism of currents generated under the loading of rocks.An electrical and mechanics test system was established in this paper to explore the impacts of loading rates on PSCs.The results indicated that PSC curves of different rocks had different change laws under low/high loading rates.When the loading rate was relatively low,PSC curves firstly changed gently and then increased exponentially.Under high loading rates,PSC curves experienced the rapid increase stage,gentle increase stage and sudden change stage.The compressive strength could greatly affect the peak PSC in case of rock failure.The loading rate was a key factor in average PSC.Under low loading rates,the variations of PSCs conformed to the damage charge model of fracture mechanics,while they did not at the fracture moment.Under high loading rates,the PSCs at low stress didn’t fit the model due to the stress impact effects.The experimental results could provide theoretical basis for the influence of loading rates on PSCs.

Origin of Initial Current Peak in High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering and Verification by Non-Sputtering Discharge

A non-sputtering discharge is utilized to verify the effect of replacement of gas ions by metallic ions and consequent decrease in the secondary electron emission coefficient in the discharge current curves in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering （HiPIMS）. In the non-sputtering discharge involving hydrogen, replacement of ions is avoided while the rarefaction still contributes. The initial peak and ensuing decay disappear and all the discharge current curves show a similar feature as the HiPIMS discharge of materials with low sputtering yields such as carbon. The results demonstrate the key effect of ion replacement during sputtering.

A Novel Over-Current Protection Technique Applied to Peak-Current Type DC-DC Converter

The change of the over-current protection point of the power switches, caused by slope compensation, is analyzed in detail. It is discovered that the peak current protecting value increases as the duty cycle decreases. As a result, the safety operation of the switches is damaged greatly. A novel solution to improve over-current protection with constant peak current limitation is proposed by inducing synchronous slope compensation into the current limit function instead of the original constant voltage. The design principle and method of the protection circuit based on a UC3846 PWM controller for the interleaved dual-forward converter is presented. Experimental results are given to verify the analysis.

基于改进型转矩分配函数的开关磁阻电机转矩与峰值电流优化研究

开关磁阻电机(SRM)使用传统的转矩分配函数控制时由于转矩分配函数的开关角度恒定,使其在换相阶段出现较为明显的转矩脉动和较高的峰值电流现象。针对这一现象,提出实时调节开关角度的指数型转矩分配函数的控制方法来降低转矩脉动与相峰值电流。与传统的转矩分配控制进行比较分析,所提算法能够在不同电机转速下抑制转矩脉动和降低SRM定子绕组换相峰值电流,在中低速情况下,实时优化转矩分配函数开关角与重叠角,提高了SRM的运行效率。以一台2.2 kW的12/8开关磁阻电机作为控制对象,建立控制系统仿真模型,通过仿真和实验验证了所提算法的有效性。

一种窄脉冲信号峰值电压检测电路设计

SiCMOSFET器件栅极峰值电流可以表征器件结温,但是栅极峰值电流信号上升下降速度快、维持时间短,给峰值电压信号检测电路设计带来了挑战。此处提出了一种基于两级峰值采样保持电路的窄脉冲峰值电压检测电路,其具有采集精度高、保持时间长等优点。首先介绍了峰值检测原理以及两级峰值检测原理,然后给出了详细的电路参数选型,最后,利用仿真和实验对此处所提峰值电流检测电路进行了验证。结果表明,所提峰值检测电路检测误差小于1.1%,电压下垂速率为0.55μV/μs。

峰值电流控制Buck变换器高频建模及结合遗传算法的控制器优化设计

峰值电流控制Buck变换器广泛应用于电源管理芯片。小信号建模是设计其控制器的关键。现有模型忽略电压外环引入的稳态控制信号纹波与小信号扰动延拓频谱对系统的影响,在高控制带宽场景下失效,从而无法指导控制器的设计。该文首先指出控制器设计决定了控制信号纹波类型,进而研究了可导型纹波对系统建模的影响;然后综合考虑电压、电流环导致的频谱耦合,得到精确的高频模型;最后基于高频模型,提出一种结合遗传算法的高带宽控制器优化设计方法。仿真与实验证明了该模型的精确性与设计方法的优越性。

一种高电源抑制比低温度系数的带隙基准电路

采用两种方式提高了带隙基准电路的电源抑制比。首先,采用峰值电流源结构将三极管自身的增益引入反馈环路,从而提高了环路增益和带隙基准核心的电源抑制比。其次,运用预调制电路进一步提高了电源抑制比。此外,还提出了一种仅需源极负反馈非对称电流镜的曲率补偿电路,该电路具有跨工艺的通用性。所提出的电路采用0.18μm BCD工艺进行了验证,并应用在一款降压DC-DC变换器中。结果表明,所提出的电路在2.4 V、3.3 V和5 V供电下,低频分别具有127 dB、134 dB和136 dB的高电源抑制比,同时实现了3.74×10^(-6)/℃的低温度系数,总电流消耗仅为6.3μA~14.5μA。

宽输入双有源桥变换器移相变频控制策略研究

重点分析三重移相控制下宽输入工况对双有源桥DC-DC变换器特性的影响,分别推导宽范围输入电压情况下软开关范围、电流峰值和电流有效值随开关频率变化的理论表达式。在此基础上,提出一种移相变频混合控制策略,通过调节开关频率扩大双有源桥DC-DC变换器的软开关范围,并降低电流峰值和电流有效值,提高变换器的整体效率。最后,搭建一台基于SiC器件的1 kW双有源桥DC-DC变换器样机验证所提控制策略的有效性。

具备故障重构能力的双极直流接口变换器最优运行区域

中低压直流配电系统中,现有的双极直流接口变换器通常无法在进入单极运行模式下实现故障阻断与重构功能。基于一种互联分布式电源与双极直流系统的故障重构型直流接口变换器拓扑,分析单双极性运行模式的工作性能。在正常的双极运行模式下,变换器通过最小峰值电流控制策略,实现开关器件电流应力有效降低。在短路故障导致的单极运行模式下,变换器通过故障重构策略与恒功率传输控制策略,消除短路故障对正常端口的不利影响,维持关键负荷的连续供电。同时给出变换器在单双极模式的优化控制策略下的软开关运行区域,从而精确刻画出变换器的最优运行区域。实验结果证明理论分析的正确性,研究工作有助于指导中低压直流配电系统的工程实践。

一种应用于半桥拓扑的斜率补偿电路

针对在峰值电流控制模式下半桥型开关电源存在次谐波振荡的问题,提出一种新型斜率补偿电路。该斜率补偿电路由少量外围常用器件构成,其补偿深度可由外围器件参数进行调节,与开关驱动信号完全保持同步。基于LTspice搭建斜率补偿电路的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该电路补偿效果良好。样机实测结果也验证了该斜率补偿电路的有效性。所提电路适用于选择峰值电流模式但电源管理芯片内部没有斜率补偿电路的应用场合。

建筑物顶端几何特征对上行先导起始影响的3D模拟

建筑物几何特征对上行先导始发具有重要影响,基于三维变网格雷击物理模型,在不同几何特征建筑物和不同雷电流峰值情况下,探讨了下行负地闪过程中,建筑物顶部上行正先导始发影响因素。除了发现建筑物高度对先导的始发具有促进作用外,还得到以下结论:①雷电流峰值I_(P)相同时,建筑物的高度越高,其几何形状对上行稳定先导起始的影响(η)就越小。建筑物高度相同时,雷电流峰值越大,η越小;②圆柱塔形尖端的上行稳定先导最容易起始,且最接近针形,η最小,为12.2%。长方体形上的稳定先导起始最晚,η最大,可达53.4%;③对于高度较矮和雷电流峰值较小的情况下,尖端几何形状(塔形或斜坡)对先导起始的影响较明显。

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的过采样电流奇异点抑制策略

传统永磁同步电机(PMSM)矢量控制策略的电流环动态响应较慢,研究人员往往采用过采样方法以加以改进。然而在实际工作中的驱动器开关管换相时刻,因电路杂散参数等因素容易产生高频电流脉冲,过采样容易引入这些电流奇异点进而极大影响PMSM的控制精度和系统的正常工作。针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)的PMSM尖峰电流噪声滤除方法,并对传统EKF方法中噪声协方差矩阵的选取策略进行改进,根据检测到的电流噪声自适应改变EKF算法中的协方差矩阵项以滤除偶然脉冲干扰。仿真和实验结果表明,所提方法对于高频尖峰噪声的滤除具有较好的效果,同时拥有较强的参数鲁棒性,可以满足实际系统的需要。

浅谈低温环境下柴油发动机起动性能特性

文章以东康6CT 3阶段发动机(配装24V 7.5kW起动电机)为分析对象,对低温环境下的柴油发动机起动特性进行初步研究分析,便于后续在低温环境下正确选型蓄电池和计算起动电流提供参考。